Vladimir Yu. Soldatov

New Ecoinformatics Tools in Environmental Science

This book provides new insights on the study of global environmental changes using the ecoinformatics tools and the adaptive-evolutionary technology of geoinformation monitoring. The main advantage of this book is that it gathers and presents extensive interdisciplinary expertise in the parameterization of global biogeochemical cycles and other environmental processes in the context of globalization and sustainable development. In this regard, the crucial global problems concerning the dynamics of the nature-society system are considered and the key problems of ensuring the systems sustainable development are studied. A new approach to the numerical modeling of the nature-society system is proposed and results are provided on modeling the dynamics of the systems characteristics with regard to scenarios of anthropogenic impacts on biogeochemical cycles, land ecosystems and oceans. The main purpose of this book is to develop a universal guide to information-modeling technologies for assessing the function of environmental subsystems under various climatic and anthropogenic conditions.

A sequential analysis method for the prediction of tropical hurricanes

Transition processes between different situations in the ocean–atmosphere system are studied by means of the methods of sequential analysis. An instability indicator is introduced to be used as the generalized characteristics of the state for this system. The indicator is evaluated based on the data obtained from the TAO/TRITON&PIRATA system of anchored buoys and other meteorological stations located in the tropical zone of the Worlds oceans. It is shown that the combination of sequential and cluster analysis with the percolation model allows the detection of a tropical hurricane 1–2 days in advance of its initiation.

The Earth’s Population Can Reach 14 Billion in the 23rd Century without Significant Adverse Effects on Survivability

This paper presents the results obtained from the study of the sustainable state between nature and human society on a global scale, focusing on the most critical interactions between the natural and anthropogenic processes. Apart from the conventional global models, the basic tool employed herein is the newly proposed complex model entitled “nature-society system (NSS) model”, through which a reliable modeling of the processes taking place in the global climate-nature-society system (CNSS) is achieved. This universal tool is mainly based on the information technology that allows the adaptive conformance of the parametric and functional space of this model. The structure of this model includes the global biogeochemical cycles, the hydrological cycle, the demographic processes and a simple climate model. In this model, the survivability indicator is used as a criterion for the survival of humanity, which defines a trend in the dynamics of the total biomass of the biosphere, taking into account the trends of the biocomplexity dynamics of the land and hydrosphere ecosystems. It should be stressed that there are no other complex global models comparable to those of the CNSS model developed here. The potential of this global model is demonstrated through specific examples in which the classification of the terrestrial ecosystem is accomplished by separating 30 soil-plant formations for geographic pixels 4° × 5°. In addition, humanity is considered to be represented by three groups of economic development status (high, transition, developing) and the World Ocean is parameterized by three latitude zones (low, middle, high). The modelling results obtained show the dynamics of the CNSS at the beginning of the 23rd century, according to which the world population can reach the level of 14 billion without the occurrence of major negative impacts.

Modeling the carbon and nitrogen cycles

The issues of air pollution are inextricably linked to the mechanisms underlying the physicochemical functioning of the biosphere which together with the atmosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere, and the hydrosphere constitute the climate system. We herewith present a review of the achievements and unresolved problems concerning the modeling of the biochemical cycles of basic chemicals of the climate system, such as carbon and nitrogen. Although the achievements in this area can roughly describe the carbon and nitrogen cycles, serious problems still remain associated with the accuracy and precision of the processes and assessments employed in the relevant modeling.

An Expert Systems for the Aquatic Systems Investigation

This paper describes expert systems for the aquatic ecosystem diagnostics including its dynamics in the changing climate and detection of stressful situations when anthropogenic processes are realized in the sea basin. Expert system is based on the monitoring data processing and simulation results that are delivered by series models describing basic ecological, hydrological, hydrochemical and geophysical processes.

The Arctic Environmental Problems

Arctic region is currently undergoing unprecedented warming and drying, as well as dramatic changes in human use. Global climate change science includes important themes related to the understanding of annual and inter-annual balances of carbon, methane, water and other greenhouse gases and their stability.

Mission to Mars. Reliable method for liquid solutions diagnostics

Manned mission to Mars aims at solving many problems associated with operational diagnostics of liquid solutions (including drinking water), medical issues, and liquid fuels. This paper mainly proposes a new method to solve these problems both during the flight and the stay on the surface of the planet. The proposed method consists of a database development of spectral images of liquid solutions supplied by a multiple-channel spectroellipsometer and the diagnostics of liquid solutions using this database. In addition, the process of learning and the expert system for adaptive recognition of liquid solutions is described. Finally, the test of the expert system is demonstrated for a series of liquid solutions.

Early detection of hurricanes origin in oceans with remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies

The combination of microwave remote sensing methods and information modeling technologies proved to be an effective way of problems solution in early detection of tropical cyclone origin. In this work, an analysis of different approaches to the solution of this problem was completed. One of approaches consists in the search of indicator-precursors calculated from the data of existing environmental monitoring systems. 1. Conclusion was made that it is necessary to develop the ocean-atmosphere system (OAS) instability model and to introduce some generalized parameter — the OAS Instability Indicator to check transition processes between different OAS states during tropical cyclone development. The indicator was evaluated at the base of data obtained from the TAO/TRITON&PIRATA system of anchored buoys and other meteorological stations located in the tropical zone of the Worlds oceans. 2. The methodological resume was made that independently on the theory or method used, the data of regular longterm microwave radiometric and other satellite measurements must be certainly involved into analysis of dynamics of geophysical parameters of ocean-atmosphere system in zones of the tropical hurricanes beginning.

INFORMATION-INSTRUMENTAL TOOLS OF MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

Abstract Informational capabilities of microwave and optical tools for environmental monitoring are assessed when they are located on the mobile platforms. This paper presents new approach to the combined use of microwave and optical sensors as basic elements of environmental monitoring system architecture oriented on the registration of information about characteristics of hydrological and hydrochemical objects. Geoecological in-formation-modeling system (GIMS) is proposed as the GIS generalization with regard to the solution of series of the tasks arising in the agriculture, water quality assessment and operational diagnostics of stressful natural processes. Algorithms and models are characterized to be as the GIMS components that realize the decision making procedures providing the monitoring regime optimization and reconstruction of spatial image of the controlled environmental object using anisotropic data fluxes. Functional characteristics of several mobile platforms equipped by microwave radiometers are given as tools for the monitoring of hydrological objects. Two optical instruments are represented and their functions are characterized.

Multi-Functional Informational - Instrumental Technology for the Hydrochemical Monitoring

Water quality operative control is considered when chemical analysis is possible. In this paper, new information-instrumental technology is proposed. This technology is based on combined use of optical instrumental means and recognition algorithms of spectral images. Adaptive multi-functional system is proposed to be as tool for operative diagnosis of hydro-chemical processes. This system has two levels of items that realize specific functions of monitoring data analysis and processing. The system measuring functions are based on spectroellipsometric technology. Examples of the system use are given.