Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira

The Involvement of Girls and Boys with Bullying: An Analysis of Gender Differences

This exploratory and cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of bullying in a group of students and analyze the data regarding the gender of those involved in the violence. A questionnaire adapted from Olweus was applied in seven elementary education schools in Portugal. The sample consisted of 387 students between 7 and 14 years old. Data are presented in terms of descriptive statistics and differences between proportions were analyzed using chi-square tests. The gender analysis of victimization and aggression shows that boys and girls are both victims and aggressors, and there are significant differences in involvement in bullying between genders and the roles played. Boys are victims more often when considering different types of bullying, although significant differences were only found for physical aggression. Strategies that include gender roles are a priority for prevention and careful attention to this phenomenon in the school context. The questions addressed contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon, emphasizing the differential participation of boys and girls in bullying.

Vulnerability in adolescent health: contemporary issues

The objective of this exploratory study with a qualitative approach was to analyze how adolescents perceive reality in terms of vulnerability in respect to health. A total of 17 semi-structured interviews were staged with adolescents from two elementary-middle (k-8) schools in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Content analysis was used to interpret the data, from which three thematic nuclei emerged. The results revealed that the adolescents understand the complex interaction between individual predisposition and health vulnerability, as well as the issues related to social structure, which contributes to strengthening the concept of vulnerability based on individual, social and programmatic logic. It was established that public policies, prevention and care provided during adolescence should not be guided by a single reference point, but instead by the plurality of the adolescent individuals concerning vulnerability in their dimensions, which should be acknowledged in order to break with the idea of the universality of the process of becoming an adolescent.

The causes of bullying: results from the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE).

Objetivo: identificar las caracteristicas y los motivos asociados por adolescentes brasilenos al bullying escolar. Metodo: se trata de una investigacion transversal, con datos provenientes de una encuesta epidemiologica (Investigacion Nacional de Salud del Escolar) realizada en 2012. Participaron del estudio 109.104 estudiantes del 9o ano de la ensenanza fundamental, de escuelas publicas y privadas, localizadas en zonas urbanas o rurales, en todo el territorio brasileno. La recoleccion de datos ocurrio por medio de un cuestionario autoaplicable y el analisis fue realizado con el programa SPSS version 20, utilizando procedimientos del Complex Samples Module. Resultados: la prevalencia de bullying identificada en el estudio fue de 7,2%, y fue mas frecuente en el sexo masculino, en alumnos mas jovenes, de color negro e indigena, cuyas madres no tenian ninguna escolaridad. Entre las causas/motivos del bullying, 51,2% no supieron especificar, la segunda mayor frecuencia de victimizacion fue relacionada a la apariencia del cuerpo (18,6%), seguida de la apariencia del rostro (16,2%), raza/color (6,8%), orientacion sexual 2,9%, religion 2,5%, region de origen 1,7%. Los resultados obtenidos son semejantes a los encontrados en otros contextos socioculturales. Conclusion: se evidencio la problematica como perteneciente al dominio del area de la salud, una vez que congrega determinantes para pensar el proceso salud-enfermedad-cuidado de los escolares.

The view of teachers on bullying and implications for nursing

Objetivo: Compreender o bullying escolar, na perspectiva dos professores, e refletir sobre as possiveis acoes da area da saude em seu enfrentamento. Para tanto, tomaram-se por base as diretrizes do Programa Saude na Escola, dos Ministerios da Saude e da Educacao. Metodo: Estudo de caso qualitativo, realizado com professores de uma escola publica de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados grupos focais na coleta de dados e o material empirico foi decodificado a partir de tecnica de analise tematica de conteudo, resultando em uma categoria analitica: concepcoes e experiencias de professores diante do bullying. Resultados: Foram identificadas percepcoes pontuais sobre o fenomeno e utilizacao de recursos de intervencao pouco eficazes. No plano interpretativo, problematizaram-se as contribuicoes da saude e da enfermagem no redimensionamento das intervencoes e no processo de formacao continuada dos professores. Conclusao: Os resultados apontam para a construcao de praticas intersetoriais para o enfrentamento do bullying.OBJECTIVE To understand school bullying from the perspective of teachers and reflect about the possible actions of the health area when coping with it. The guidelines of the School Health Program of the Ministries of Health and Education were used to reach that purpose. METHOD A qualitative study carried out with teachers of a public school in Minas Gerais. Focus groups were used to collect data and the empirical material was decoded from thematic analysis of content, resulting in an analytical category: conceptions and experiences of teachers on bullying. RESULTS Specific perceptions about the phenomenon and the use of ineffective intervention resources were identified. In the interpretive plan were problematized the health and nursing contributions with resizing the interventions and the continuing training process of teachers. CONCLUSION The results point to the construction of intersectoral practices for coping with bullying.

Interfaces entre família e bullying escolar: uma revisão sistemática

This study aimed to know and map the scientific evidence that relationships between family background and involvement in bullying situations at school through a systematic literature review. Lilacs, Web of Science were the databases that were consulted, in addition to the Scielo library. The search resulted in 54 articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, between 2008 and 2013, and data analysis allowed the identification of seven analytical categories: 1) structural characteristics; 2) parental practices; 3) parental styles; 4) family environment; 5) the parents feelings about their children; 6) the parents mental health; and 7) violence. The study found a predominance of international publications and quantitative studies and on the set, we found that some familiar features and aspects were associated to the involvement of students in situations of bullying. The study expands the interpretive look at the phenomenon and their complexities with a contextual approach,

Emotions of students involved in cases of bullying

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of school bullying and identify the emotions of students involved. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, a questionnaire was applied to 232 sixth-grade students of a public school. The results show a large number of students involved in bullying (39.6%): 22.2% were victims and 17.4% were aggressors. Anger was the most frequent emotion experienced by the victims when suffering aggression, while most aggressors reported that no emotions were experienced when abusing their peers. The high prevalence of bullying, its characteristics and the negative consequences that arise make it a public health problem. This study covers the importance of identifying emotions associated with school bullying, a subject seldom explored, which can contribute to the development of integral healthcare delivered to students. DESCRIPTORS: Violence. Bullying. School health. Intersectorial action.Este artigo objetivou estimar a prevalencia de bullying escolar e identificar as emocoes dos estudantes envolvidos. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, desenvolvido mediante a aplicacao de um questionario em 232 estudantes do sexto ao nono anos do ensino fundamental de uma escola publica. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se a grande quantidade de participacao dos estudantes investigados em atos de bullying (39,6%), dos quais 22,2% eram vitimas e 17,4% agressores. A raiva foi a emocao prevalentemente experimentada pelas vitimas durante as agressoes que sofriam. Ja os agressores, em sua maioria, relataram que o fato de agredirem seus colegas nao gerou emocoes. A alta prevalencia do bullying, suas caracteristicas e as consequencias negativas por ele acarretadas o configuram em problema de saude publica. O estudo remete a importância da identificacao das emocoes associadas a ocorrencia do bullying, tema ainda pouco explorado e que pode contribuir na construcao do cuidado integral da saude do escolar.

The effects of a skill-based intervention for victims of bullying in Brazil

This study’s objective was to verify whether improved social and emotional skills would reduce victimization among Brazilian 6th grade student victims of bullying. The targets of this intervention were victimized students; a total of 78 victims participated. A cognitive-behavioral intervention based on social and emotional skills was held in eight weekly sessions. The sessions focused on civility, the ability to make friends, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness, and interpersonal problem-solving capacity. Data were analyzed through Poisson regression models with random effects. Pre- and post-analyses reveal that intervention and comparison groups presented significant reduced victimization by bullying. No significant improvement was found in regard to difficulties in practicing social skills. Victimization reduction cannot be attributed to the program. This study contributes to the incipient literature addressing anti-bullying interventions conducted in developing countries and highlights the need for approaches that do not exclusively focus on the students’ individual aspects.

Associações entre Bullying Escolar e Conduta Infracional: Revisão Sistemática de Estudos Longitudinais

O presente estudo consiste de uma revisao sistematica de estudos longitudinais que investigaram a associacao entre bullying escolar e conduta infracional na adolescencia e criminosa na idade adulta. Realizou-se uma busca bibliografica em cinco bases de dados internacionais (ERIC, LILACS, Scopus, PsycINFO e Web of Science) e uma biblioteca eletronica nacional (Scielo). Foram selecionados 13 estudos que atenderam aos criterios de inclusao. A maioria dos trabalhos encontrou associacao estatisticamente significativa entre bullying e cometimento de atos contrarios a lei por adolescentes e adultos. Em alguns deles, a associacao permaneceu significativa apos o controle de outros fatores de risco na infância, sinalizando, assim, ser o bullying um fator de risco independente. Isso reforca a necessidade de se prevenir e enfrentar precocemente o bullying escolar.

Bullying: Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Crenças de Professores

This study’s objective was to investigate whether 6th grade teachers knew, identified and how they intervened in bullying situations occurring in classrooms. Participants were six teachers and the data were obtained through the focus group technique in 2010. Content analysis was used to treat the collected material. The results revealed that the teachers did not have sufficient knowledge concerning the main characteristics of this phenomenon, nor realized how serious it is. Their interventions were mostly occasional and limited to the events they identified and after their occurrence. The teachers reported not being sufficiently prepared to identify and deal with students’ aggressive behavior. Hence, we infer that teacher training is an important aspect that should be addressed in bullying prevention and intervention programs.

Percepções de adolescentes sobre o apoio social na maternidade no contexto da atenção primária

Objective: To analyze the perceptions of adolescents experiencing motherhood concerning social support. Methods: Semi-structured interviews and network maps were used to collect data, which were analyzed according to thematic content analysis. The participants were 20 adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years old experiencing motherhood. Results: The results showed perceptions of both support and abandonment. The first came from family, partner, friends and access to health services. The second derived from an absence of social support, especially on the part of partners, friends and health professionals. Conclusion: The adolescents perceived support as being fragile and inconsistent. In this sense, nursing plays an important role as it can use the concept of social support as a protective factor, contributing to the construction of integral healthcare and improving the life conditions of adolescents.