Marta Angélica Iossi Silva

Bullying nas escolas brasileiras: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE), 2009

The aim of this study is to identify and describe the occurrence of bullying among students in the 9th year (8th grade) from public and private schools from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. It is a cross-sectional study involving 60,973 students and 1,453 public and private schools. Data analysis indicates that 5.4% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.7%) of students reported having suffered bullying almost always or always in the last 30 days, 25.4% (IC95%: 24.8%-26.0%) were rarely or sometimes the victim of bullying and 69.2% (IC95%: 68.5%-69.8%) of students felt no humiliation or provocation at school. The capital with higher frequency of bullying was Belo Horizonte (6.9%; IC95%: 5,9%-7,9%), Minas Gerais, and the lowest was Palmas (3.5%; IC95%: 2.6%-4.5%), Tocantins. Boys reported more bullying (6,0%; IC95%: 5.5%-6.5%) compared with girls (4,8%; IC95%: 4.4%-5.3%). There was no difference between public schools 5.5% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.8%) and private (5.2%) (IC95%: 4.6%-5.8%), except in Aracaju, Sergipe, that show more bullying in private schools. The findings indicate an urgent need for intersectoral action from educational policies and practices that enforce the reduction and prevention of the occurrence of bullying in schools in Brazil.

Saúde sexual dos adolescentes segundo a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde dos Escolares

The objective of this study was to describe situations related to sexual health of adolescents, according to the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE). It is a cross-sectional study performed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in partnership with the Ministry of Health that involved 60,973 students and 1,453 public and private schools. Data analysis points out that 30.5% (95%CI 29.9-31.2) of the adolescents had already had sexual relations sometime in their lives, being more frequent for males (43.7%; 95%CI 42.7-44.7) than females (18.7%; 95%CI 18.0-19.4), especially those who go to public schools (33.1%; 95%CI 32.4-33.9), aged 15 years or older (47.3%; 95%CI 45.7-48.9) and 16 years (63.5%; 95%CI 61,5-65.4). The sexual initiation age was early and 40.1% (95%CI 38.8-41.4) reported having had only one partner in life. The use of condoms in the last sexual relation was high both for protective (75.9%; CI95% 74.8-76.9) and contraceptive methods (74.7%; 95%CI 73.6-75.7). It is necessary to emphasize actions for promoting sexual health towards adolescents in order to minimize vulnerabilities.

The Involvement of Girls and Boys with Bullying: An Analysis of Gender Differences

This exploratory and cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of bullying in a group of students and analyze the data regarding the gender of those involved in the violence. A questionnaire adapted from Olweus was applied in seven elementary education schools in Portugal. The sample consisted of 387 students between 7 and 14 years old. Data are presented in terms of descriptive statistics and differences between proportions were analyzed using chi-square tests. The gender analysis of victimization and aggression shows that boys and girls are both victims and aggressors, and there are significant differences in involvement in bullying between genders and the roles played. Boys are victims more often when considering different types of bullying, although significant differences were only found for physical aggression. Strategies that include gender roles are a priority for prevention and careful attention to this phenomenon in the school context. The questions addressed contribute to a broader understanding of the phenomenon, emphasizing the differential participation of boys and girls in bullying.

Bullying in Brazilian school children: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE To describe the victimization and bullying practice in Brazilian school children, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey and to compare the surveys from 2009 and 2012. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with univariate and multivariate analyzes of the following variables: to have been treated badly by colleagues, to have been bullied and to have bullied other children. The following independent variables were analyzed: age, sex, race/color, type of school, maternal education. Prevalence rates were compared between the editions of 2009 and 2012 of the survey. RESULTS Of all the adolescents analyzed, 27.5% have not been treated well by peers at school, with greater frequency among boys (OR = 1.50), at the age of 15 years (OR = 1.29) and 16 (OR = 1.41), public school students (OR = 2.08), black (OR = 1.18) and whose mothers had less education; 7.2% reported having been bullied, with a greater chance in younger students (13 years old), male (OR = 1.26), black (OR = 1.15) and indigenous (OR = 1.16) and whose mothers had less education; 20.8% reported to have bullied other children, with a greater chance for older students, at the age of 14 (OR = 1.08) and 15 years (OR = 1.18), male (OR = 1.87), black (OR = 1.14) and yellow (OR = 1.15), children of mothers with higher education, private school students. There was an increase of bullying in the Brazilian capitals, from 5.4 to 6.8%, between 2009 and 2012. DISCUSSION The occurrence of bullying reveals that the Brazilian school context is also becoming a space of reproduction of violence, in which it is crucial to act intersectorally and to articulate social protection networks, aiming to face this issue.

Domestic violence: from the visible to the invisible

This study aimed to identify and analyze notifications of domestic violence against children registered at the Regional Health Services in Guarulhos, Sao Paulo, Brazil; the limitations imposed to health professionals’ actions and the meaning of domestic violence against children in the health professionals’ routine. The notifications registered between 2001 and 2002 were characterized in order to better understand this reality and also to support the collected data through the qualitative approach. There is a predominance of negligence cases 45%, while 26% of the notifications related to physical violence and 14% to suspected sexual violence. Social workers registered the highest number of notifications, 46%. Based on the social agents’ discourse, we identified two empirical categories: “interfaces of the violence” and “fear”.

A dinâmica familiar na visão de pais e filhos envolvidos na violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes

En esta investigacion, buscamos comprender la dinamica familiar para padres y hijos involucrados en Violencia Domestica contra ninos y adolescentes institucionalizados en el Centro de Atencion al Nino y al Adolescente Victima (CACAV), en Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brasil. El estudio es cualitativo, utilizandose entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a seis familias, entre padres y hijos involucrados en violencia domestica. Tratamos los datos a traves del analisis de contenido. Utilizamos como referencial teorico la ecologia del desarrollo humano. La violencia domestica estuvo presente en los discursos, aunque sea comprendida como practica usual para esas familias. Identificamos que la optica de los padres favorece la negacion de la violencia perpetrada. Los ninos apuntan que vinculos de amor y afeccion son mas significativos para su desarrollo que los vinculos familiares establecidos mediante consanguinidad. Creemos que, a partir del conocimiento de como la violencia es vivida, podemos traer posibles contribuciones para pensar estrategias de intervencion capaces de romper el ciclo perverso de las relaciones familiares violentas.

Perceptions of adolescents students on the consumption of drugs: a case study in Lima, Peru

El consumo de drogas ha aumentado en todas las regiones del mundo, volviendose un problema desalud publica, afectando especialmente a los adolescentes. Este estudio tiene como objetivos identificar lasopiniones de los adolescentes escolares sobre el uso de drogas e identificar la opinion sobre el consumidor dedrogas, en un colegio de Lima-Peru. Estudio descriptivo y transversal, se uso un cuestionario autoaplicado a386 estudiantes. Se obtuvo datos personales del escolar, la percepcion de riesgo del consumo de drogas,motivaciones, informacion acerca de medidas preventivas, disponibilidad de la droga, la opinion sobre elconsumidor de drogas e la aceptacion social y familiar al consumidor de drogas. Predomina el sexo masculinoen las caracteristicas personales. Al opinar sobre la percepcion de riesgo la mayoria tiene opinion desfavorablede los motivos de consumo y esta a favor de la informacion. Tenemos un relevante papel tanto para explicarlas conductas como para la puesta en practica de programas adecuados y eficaces de prevencion y tratamiento.DESCRIPTORES: adolescente; drogas ilicitas; transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias

Bullying and associated factors among Brazilian adolescents: analysis of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of bullying from the victims perspective in Brazilian school children and to analyze its association with individual and family context variables. METHODS An analysis of the data on 109,104 adolescents, obtained by the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, held in schools in 2012, was carried out. An association model between bullying and explanatory variables was tested in different contexts: sociodemographic, risk behaviors, mental health and family context. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed, calculating the Odds Ratio and confidence intervals. RESULTS The prevalence of bullying found in this study was of 7.2% (95%CI 6.6 - 7.8). A higher chance of bullying was found among male students (OR = 1.58; 95%CI 1.51 - 1.66), with an inverse relation between age and bullying, with the magnitude of risk among adolescents younger than 13 years of age being higher when compared to those with 16 years of age or more. Of individual risk behaviors, only being a smoker remained in the final model (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). Mental health variables associated with bullying were: feeling lonely (OR = 2.66; 95%CI 2.52 - 2.81), insomnia (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.80 - 2.05), not having friends (OR = 1.71; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.89), and, in the family context, those who skip class without telling their parents (OR = 1.13; 95%CI 1,07 - 1,19) and those who suffer physical abuse by family members (OR = 2.03; 95%CI 1.91 - 2.146). CONCLUSION Bullying was associated to male students, younger, of black color, smokers, with mental health vulnerabilities and victims of domestic violence. This suggests the need for a holistic approach from education and health professionals, parents and the community in seeking measures for the prevention of bullying.

Tecnologia educacional em saúde: contribuições para a enfermagem pediátrica e neonatal

Resumen Se señala el uso de la tecnología educativa como recurso facilitador para la enseñanza y la práctica de enfermería pediátrica y neonatal. En el intento de ofrecer un aprendizaje más motivador al estudiante, al equipo de enfermería, y a los niños y sus familias, los recursos tecnológicos son usados por medio de materiales educativos en una relación pedagógica progresivamente motivadora e interactiva. Este informe describe la experiencia de un grupo de estudios e investigación en la producción de materiales dirigidos a la formación y educación permanente en el área de enfermería pediátrica y neonatal, así como la educación en salud de niños y sus familiares acerca de diferentes temas que permean esa atención. Los materiales educacionales criados permiten que estudiantes, profesionales de salud y clientes experimenten el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de forma estimulante, facilitando la aclaración de dudas y trasformando el aprendizaje a través de situaciones atractivas, innovadoras e ilustrativas. Palabras clave: Educación en Enfermería. Educación en Salud. Tecnología Educacional. Enfermería Pediátrica. Enfermería Neonatal. 1Enfermeira. Professora Doutora do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP. Brasil. E-mail: lumonti@eerp.usp.br2Enfermeira. Professora Doutora do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto – SP. Brasil. E-mail: drileite@eerp.usp.br3Enfermeira. Professora Associada do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto-SP. Brasil. E-mail: defmello@eerp.usp.br4Enfermeira. Professora Doutora do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto – SP. Brasil. E-mail: maiossi@eerp.usp.br,5Enfermeira. Professora Titular do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão PretoSP. Brasil. E-mail: limare@eerp.usp.br,6Enfermeira. Professora Titular do Departamento de Enfermagem Materno-Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto – SP. Brasil. E-mail: cscochi@eerp.usp.br RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA EXPERIENCE REPORT EXPERIENCE DE INFORME The use of educational technology, as a facilitating resource for pediatric and neonatal nursing teaching and practice, is pointed out. Technological resources in educational materials have been used in a progressively motivating and interactive pedagogical relationship, aiming to offer a more motivating learning for students, nursing teams, children and their families. This report describes the experience of a research and study group in the development of materials targeting permanent training and education in the area of pediatric and neonatal nursing. Health education for children and their relatives on different themes that permeates this care was also targeted. The developed educational materials permit students, health professionals and clients to experience the teaching and learning process in a stimulating way, facilitating the clarification of doubts and transforming learning through attractive, innovative and illustrative situations. Luciana Mara Monti Fonseca1 Educational technology in health: contributions for pediatric and neonatal nursing Tecnología educativa en salud: contribuciones para la enfermería pediátrica y neonatal Débora Falleiros de Mello3 Marta Angélica Iossi Silva4 Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima5 Carmen Gracinda Silvan Scochi6Abstract Resumen Se senala el uso de la tecnologia educativa como recurso facilitadorpara la ensenanza y la practica de enfermeria pediatrica y neonatal.En el intento de ofrecer un aprendizaje mas motivador al estudiante,al equipo de enfermeria, y a los ninos y sus familias, los recursostecnologicos son usados por medio de materiales educativos enuna relacion pedagogica progresivamente motivadora e interactiva.Este informe describe la experiencia de un grupo de estudios einvestigacion en la produccion de materiales dirigidos a la formaciony educacion permanente en el area de enfermeria pediatrica yneonatal, asi como la educacion en salud de ninos y sus familiaresacerca de diferentes temas que permean esa atencion. Losmateriales educacionales criados permiten que estudiantes,profesionales de salud y clientes experimenten el procesoensenanza-aprendizaje de forma estimulante, facilitando la aclaracionde dudas y trasformando el aprendizaje a traves de situacionesatractivas, innovadoras e ilustrativas.Palabras c lave:e: Educacion en Enfermeria. Educacion en Salud.Tecnologia Educacional. Enfermeria Pediatrica. EnfermeriaNeonatal.

Vulnerability in adolescent health: contemporary issues

The objective of this exploratory study with a qualitative approach was to analyze how adolescents perceive reality in terms of vulnerability in respect to health. A total of 17 semi-structured interviews were staged with adolescents from two elementary-middle (k-8) schools in a city in the interior of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Content analysis was used to interpret the data, from which three thematic nuclei emerged. The results revealed that the adolescents understand the complex interaction between individual predisposition and health vulnerability, as well as the issues related to social structure, which contributes to strengthening the concept of vulnerability based on individual, social and programmatic logic. It was established that public policies, prevention and care provided during adolescence should not be guided by a single reference point, but instead by the plurality of the adolescent individuals concerning vulnerability in their dimensions, which should be acknowledged in order to break with the idea of the universality of the process of becoming an adolescent.