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American Journal of Potato Research | 1996

Effects of transitory water stress on potato tuber stem-end reducing sugar and fry color

Eric P. Eldredge; Z. A. Holmes; A. R. Mosley; Clinton C. Shock; T. D. Stieber

Potatoes grown for processing in irrigated regions of the Pacific North-west sometimes develop undesirably high concentrations of reducing sugars in tuber stem ends due to hot weather and water stress during tuber development. Such tubers usually produce french fries with dark stem ends or sugar ends. In order to better quantify the relationship between water stress and stem-end sugar levels for Russet Burbank, single episodes of transitory water stress were established by delaying irrigations until soil water potentials ranging from -32 to -107 kPa were reached during early tuber bulking. To determine when the increase in reducing sugars occurred, tubers were sampled before transitory stress, at maximum stress, after stress was relieved with sprinkler irrigation, and post harvest. Reducing sugar concentrations did not increase in tuber stem ends until two weeks or longer after the plant water stress was relieved. Increased reducing sugar concentrations were positively associated with decreased soil water potential (drier soil). Tubers were sliced and fried at harvest and six weeks post-harvest. Decreasing soil water potential (drier soil) was associated with progressively darker fry colors at harvest and post harvest. Significant darkening in the average stem-end fry color light reflectance of tubers at harvest as observed at -80 kPa in 1988 and -69 kPa in 1989. The effect of imposed water stress on tuber stem-end reducing sugar concentrations was most pronounced post harvest.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1992

Ranger Russet: A long Russet potato variety for processing and fresh market with improved quality, disease resistance, and yield

J. J. Pavek; D. L. Corsini; Stephen L. Love; D. C. Hane; David G. Holm; W. M. Iritani; S. R. James; M. W. Martin; A. R. Mosley; J. C. Ojala; C. E. Stanger; R. E. Thornton

Ranger Russet, a new full-season potato variety, was jointly released to growers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on May 14, 1991. Ranger Russet was tested in irrigated performance trials in the Western U.S. since 1979. It produces a large yield of high quality, long, russet-skinned tubers that are well suited for baking and processing into french fries. Ranger Russet is more resistant than Russet Burbank to Verticillium wilt, viruses X and Y, leafroll net necrosis, and Fusarium dry rot. It is highly resistant to hollow heart.CompendioRanger Russet, una nueva variedad de papa para la temporada principal, fue entregada conjuntamente a los productores por el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos y las Estaciones Experimentales Agrícolas de Idaho, Oregón, Washington y Colorado el 14 de mayo de 1991. Ranger Russet fue probada en ensayos de comportamiento bajo irrigación en el oeste de los Estados Unidos desde 1979. Rinde abundantes tubérculos alargados y rojizos de gran calidad que son apropiados para el horneado y su procesamiento como papas fritas a la francesa. Ranger Russet es más resistente que Russet Burbank a la marchitez porVerticillium, a los virus X y Y, a la necrosis en red del virus del enrollamiento de la hoja y a la pudricion seca porFusarium. Es muy resistente al corazón vacío.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1978

Relationship of foliar ozone injury to maturity classification and yield of potatoes

A. R. Mosley; R. C. Rowe; T. C. Weidensaul

Fifty-nine potato cultivars and selections were planted in replicated plots at two Ohio locations each in 1975 and 1976. Evaluations of ozone “speckle leaf” injury were made during August and yields were recorded in October. A broad range in resistance to ozone injury was noted at both locations with later-maturing entries generally being more resistant. Entries severely injured by ozone had a reduced yield. The relative resistance of most entries was constant in all tests.ResumenDurante los años 1975 y 1976 se plantaron ensayos replicados incluyendo 59 cultivares y clones selectos de papa en dos localidades cada año del estado de Ohio. Durante el mes de Agosto se hicieron observaciones sobre el daño producido por ozono (“hojas pecosas o moteadas”) y las evaluacoines de rendimiento se realizaron en Octubre. En ambas localidades se notó un amplio rango de resistencia al daño producido por el ozono, apreciándose que generalmente las entradas más tardías fueron las más resistentes. Se produjo una reducción en el rendimiento en las entradas dañadas severamente por el ozono. La resistencia relativa de la mayoría de entradas fue consistente en todas las pruebas.


American Journal of Potato Research | 2006

GemStar russet: A potato variety with high yield, good culinary quality, excellent fresh market appearance, and resistance to common scab

Stephen L. Love; R. G. Novy; Jonathan L. Whitworth; D. L. Corsini; J. J. Pavek; A. R. Mosley; M. J. Pavek; N. R. Knowles; C. R. Brown; S. R. James; D. C. Hane; J. C. Miller

GemStar Russet, derived from the cross Gem Russet x A8341-5, was released in 2004 by the USDA/ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The foliage of GemStar Russet is dark yellowish-green, spreading, with large leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are brown, medium to heavily russeted, oblong, with a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and indistinct pith. GemStar Russet was compared with Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. Except for locations in southern Idaho, in general, GemStar Russet produced slightly lower total yield than Russet Burbank, but much higher U.S. No. 1 yield. When compared with Russet Norkotah, GemStar Russet produced similar total and U.S. No. 1 yields in early harvest trials but higher total and U.S. No. 1 yields in late-harvest trials. When observed for defect problems, GemStar Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, and stemend discoloration, moderate resistance to blackspot and shatter bruising, but a high level of susceptibility to hollow heart. In product quality tests, GemStar Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and comparable for baked potato quality. GemStar Russet was found to be immune to PVX, resistant to common scab and powdery scab, moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV, and corky ringspot. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, PLRV, dry rot, soft rot, and ringrot and extreme susceptibility to PVYo. Biochemical analysis of GemStar Russet tubers showed them to be higher in protein and much higher in vitamin C than those of Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotah. Three-year average for tuber glycoalkaloid concentration was 1.5 mg 100 g−1.ResumenEn el ano 2004 el USDA/ARS y las Estaciones Experimentales Agrícolas de Idaho, Oregon y Washington liberaron la variedad GemStar Russet derivada del cruzamiento de Gem Russet x A8341-5. El follaje de GemStar Russet es amarillo verdoso oscuro, extendido, con hojas grandes y abundantes flores blancas. Los tubérculos son pardos, mediana a fuertemente rojizos, oblongos con prominencia del ojo ligeramente pronunciada, pulpa blanca y médula indistinguible. GemStar Russet ha sido comparada con Russet Burbank y Russet Norkotah en pruebas realizadas a lo largo del Pacífico nor-occidental para determinar rendimiento, calidad y respuesta a enfermedades. Con excepción de localidades del sur de Idaho, en general, GemStar Russet dio rendimientos totales ligeramente inferiores a Russet Burbank, pero mucho mayor rendimiento de US No 1. Comparado con Russet Norkotah, GemStar Russet produjo un rendimiento total similar y de US No 1 en pruebas de cosecha temprana, pero totales más altos y rendimiento de US No 1 en pruebas de cosecha tardía. Cuando se hicieron observaciones para determinar defectos, GemStar Russet exhibe resistencia a crecimiento secundario, rajaduras de crecimiento y decoloración de la base del tubérculo, resistencia moderada a mancha negra y magulladuras por golpe, pero un alto nivel de susceptibilidad al corazón vacío. En pruebas de calidad del producto GemStar Russet fue calificado como superior a Russet Burbank para papa frita y similar para papa horneada. Se encontró que GemStar Russet es inmune al virus PVX, resistente a la sarna común y sarna polvorienta, moderadamente resistente a la marchitez por Verticillium, necrosis reticulada del tubérculo causada por el virus PLRV y mancha corchosa anillada. Demostró susceptibilidad al tizón tardío, PLRV, pudrición seca, pudrición blanda y susceptibilidad extrema a PVYo. El análisis bioquímico de los tubérculos de GemStar Russet dio un alto contenido de proteína y mucho más alto de vitamina C que los de Russet Burbank o Russet Norkotah. El promedio de tres años sobre concentración de glicoalcaloides en el tubérculo fue de 1.5mg 100g-1.


American Journal of Potato Research | 2005

Summit Russet: A new russet potato variety with good fresh market and frozen processing qualities

Stephen L. Love; R. G. Novy; Jonathan L. Whitworth; D. L. Corsini; J. J. Pavek; A. R. Mosley; R. E. Thornton; N. R. Knowles; S. R. James; D. C. Hane

Summit Russet (A84118-3), the result of the cross A77236-6 x TND329-1Russ, was released in 2003 by the USDA/ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The vines of Summit Russet are erect, with very thick stems, large yellowish-green leaves and abundant white flowers. The tubers are tan, with medium russet skin, long-flattened shape, a slightly prominent eyebrow, white flesh, and moderately prominent pith. Tuber dormancy is very long. Summit Russet was compared with Russet Burbank in trials across the Pacific Northwest for yield, quality, and disease response. In general, Summit Russet produced similar or lower total yields than did Russet Burbank, but higher U.S. No. 1 yields. In Idaho variety trials, Summit Russet exhibited resistance to second growth, growth cracks, blackspot bruise, and stem-end discoloration, and moderate susceptibility to hollow heart and shatter bruise. In comprehensive product quality evaluations, Summit Russet was rated superior to Russet Burbank for french fry quality and similar for baked potato quality. French fry quality was retained after long-term storage. In replicated disease trials, Summit Russet was found to have good resistance to common scab, early blight tuber rot, and Verticillium wilt, and moderate resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber net necrosis caused by PLRV. It demonstrated susceptibility to late blight, foliar PLRV, PVX, PVYo, and bacterial soft rot. Biochemical analysis of Summit Russet tubers showed them to be higher in total solids and sucrose, and lower in dextrose than those of Russet Burbank. Tuber glycoalkaloid concentration as measured from tubers produced in 1994–1996 trials was 6.7 mg 100 g1.ResumenSummit Russet (A84118-3), es el resultado del cruzamiento de A77236-6 x TND329-1Russ, que fue liberada en el 2003 por el USDA/ARS y la Estación Experimental Agrícola de Idaho, Oregon y Washington. Las plantas de Russet Summit son erectas, con tallos gruesos, hojas grandes de color verde amarillento y abundantes flores blancas. Los tubérculos son bronceados, con piel rosada, achatados, largos, una ceja ligeramente prominente, pulpa blanca y médula moderadamente prominente. El estado de dormacia del tubérculo es largo. En pruebas a lo largo del noroeste del Pacífico se comparó Summit Russet con Russet Burbank, para rendimiento, calidad y respuesta a las enfermedades. En general, Summit Russet produjo rendimientos totales similares o más bajos que Russet Burbank pero un mayor número de tubérculos U.S. No 1. En Idaho, en ensayos varietales, Summit Russet mostró tubérculos con resistencia a crecimientos secundarios, rajaduras, manchas por magulladuras, decoloración del extremo del tallo y susceptibilidad moderada al corazón vacío y daños por golpe. En pruebas de calidad Summit Russet fue superior a Russet Burbank para papa frita y similar para calidad de horneado. La buena calidad para fritura se mantuvo por tiempo prolongado de almacenamiento. En repetidas pruebas para enfermedades se encontró que Summit Russet tiene buena resistencia a sarna común, pudrición del tubérculo por tizón temprano y marchitez por Verticillium, tiene resistencia moderada a pudrición seca por Fusarium y necrosis reticulada causada por PLRV. Demostró susceptibilidad a tizón tardío, PLRV, PVX, PVYo y pudrición bacteriana blanda. El análisis bioquímico de los tubérculos de Summit Russet mostró un alto contenido de sólidos totales y sacarosa y bajo contenido de dextrosa que los de Russet Burbank. La concentración de glicoalcaloides medida en tubérculos producidos en las pruebas de 1994 a 1996 fue de 6.7mg/100g1.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1991

Frontier Russet: A new potato variety for early fresh and processing use with resistance to Fusarium dry rot

J. J. Pavek; D. L. Corsini; Stephen L. Love; D. C. Hane; David G. Holm; W. M. Iritani; S. R. James; M. W. Martin; A. R. Mosley; J. C. Ojala; C. E. Stanger; R. E. Thornton

Frontier Russet, a new, medium-early potato variety, was jointly released to growers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on April 9, 1990. It was tested in irrigated yield trials since 1979. Frontier Russet produces a moderately high yield of high quality, oblong to long, cylindrical, russet-skinned tubers. The tubers are well suited for baking and for processing into french fries at harvest. Frontier Russet is resistant to Fusarium dry rot and more resistant to Verticillium wilt than other early russets.CompendioFrontier Russet, una nueva variedad de papa de precocidad intermedia, fue entregada a los agricultores conjuntamente por el Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos y las Estaciones Experimentales Agrícolas de Idaho, Oregón, Washington y Colorado, el 9 de abril de 1990. Esta variedad fue probada desde 1979 en ensayos de rendimiento en campos bajo irrigación. Frontier Russet produce un rendimiento moderadamente alto de gran calidad, con tubérculos oblongos a alargados, cilíndricos, y de piel rojiza. Los tubérculos recién cosechados son muy apropiados para horneado y fritura a la francesa. Frontier Russet es resistente a la pudrición seca porFusarium y más resistente a la marchitez porVerticillium que otras variedades precoces de piel rojiza.


American Journal of Potato Research | 2002

Gem russet: A long russet potato variety with excellent fresh market and french fry processing quality

Stephen L. Love; R. G. Novy; D. L. Corsini; J. J. Pavek; A. R. Mosley; R. E. Thornton; S. R. James; D. C. Hane

Gem Russet, a new medium maturing, long russet potato variety, was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suited for use in the fresh, frozen-fried processing, and dehydration markets. Total tuber yield of Gem Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank when grown in eastern Idaho, but lower when grown in the long-season areas of western Idaho and the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. U.S. No. 1 yield is consistently higher that that of Russet Burbank. Tubers of Gem Russet have good processing and baked quality. Gem Russet is resistant to most external and internal physiological defects, including second growth, growth cracks, shatter bruise, and hollow heart. It is moderately susceptible to blackspot bruise. Gem Russet shows extreme resistance to potato virus X, resistance to common scab, and moderate resistance to early dying. Biochemical analysis of Gem Russet tubers has shown higher solids, lower reducing sugar and glycoalkaloid content, and higher concentration of protein and vitamin C when compared with tubers of Russet Burbank.


American Journal of Potato Research | 2000

Monitoring current season potato leafroll virus movement with an immunosorbent direct tissue blotting assay

Jonathan L. Whitworth; A. R. Mosley; Gary L. Reed

A direct tissue blotting assay (DTBA) was used to track the movement of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) from newly infected foliage to the tubers. Plant and tuber characteristics were recorded to assess plant growth stage at inoculation and PLRV effect on yield. Russet Burbank potatoes were planted at different times in 1991 and 1992 to provide plants of different maturities which were then inoculated using PLRV carrying aphids. Aphids were allowed to feed two to three days after which an insecticide was applied. Stems and tubers were tested periodically for PLRV with DTBA after inoculation. Indexed tubers were grown out and ELISA tested in the greenhouse the following winter to confirm results of summer serological tests. Plant age affected percentages more consistently than did inoculation date. When plants approximately 43 days from planting were inoculated at different dates, early inoculation produced a higher percentage of infected plants. Conversely, when plants approximately 62 days from planting were inoculated at different dates, late inoculation resulted in a higher percentage of infected plants. However, early inoculation of young plants resulted in the highest infection percentages. Tuber size and yield were negatively affected by higher percentages of leafroll regardless of the stage of growth at inoculation. DTBA is best used for detecting PLRV in foliage of plants grown from infected tubers (i.e. secondary PLRV). DTBA is less accurate for detecting primary PLRV.ResumenUna técnica de absorción directa de tejidos (direct tissue blotting assay — DTBA) fue usada para rastrear el movimiento del Virus del Enrollamiento de la Hoja de la Papa (PLRV) del follaje recién infectado hasta los tubérculos. Se registraron las características tanto de las plantas como de los tubérculos, a fin de calcular la etapa del crecimiento de las plantas al inocularse, y los efectos del PLRV sobre el rendimiento. Las papas Russet Burbank fueron sembradas en diferentes épocas en 1991 y 1992 para proveer plantas de diferentes maduraciones, las cuales fueron entonces inoculadas con áfidos portadores de PLRV. A los áfidos se les permitió alimentarse durante dos o tres días y después se les aplicaba un insecticida. Los tallos y tubérculos fueron examinados periódicamente a fin de detectar la presencia de PLRV usando DTBA después de inocularse. El invierno siguiente los tubérculos indexados fueron cultivados y sometidos a la prueba de ELISA en el invernadero para confirmar los resultados de las pruebas serológicas del verano. La edad de las plantas afectó los porcentajes más consistementement que la fecha de su inoculación. Cuando las plantas a 43 días de ser sembradas fueron inoculadas en diferentes fechas, la inoculación temprana produjo un porcentaje más alto de plantas infectadas. Al contrario, cuando las plantas fueron inoculadas aproximadamente 62 días de ser sembradas en diferentes fechas, la inoculación tardía produjo un porcentaje más alt de plantas infectadas. Sin embargo, la inoculación temprana de plantas juveniles dio como resultado los porcentajes de infección más altos. El tamaño de los tubérculos y su rendimiento fueron afectados negativamente por porcentajes mayores del Enrollamiento de la Hoja de Papa cualquiera que fuera la etapa de crecimiento al inocularse. El DTBA trae mejores resultados cuando se usa para detectar PLVR en el follaje de plantas cultivadas de tubérculos infectados (i.e. PLVR secundario). El DTBA es menos preciso en el caso de la detección del PLVR primario.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1991

Gemchip: A new potato variety with chipping quality and verticillium resistance for the Western U.S.

J. J. Pavek; D. L. Corsini; Steven L. Love; D. C. Hane; David G. Holm; M. W. Martin; A. R. Mosley; R. E. Thornton

Gemchip, a new potato chipping variety, was released jointly by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and Colorado on August 9, 1989. Gemchip was tested in irrigated yield and chipping trials in the Western U.S. since 1982. It outyielded Norchip by an average of 23% and Atlantic by 14%, and it chipped well both out of the field and out of storage. Gemchip is moderately late in maturity and resistant to Verticillium wilt.CompendioGemchip, una nueva variedad de papa fritura a la inglesa, fue entregada conjuntamente por el Departamento de Agricultura de los EE.UU. y las Estaciones Experimentales Agrícolas de Idaho, Oregón, Washington y Colorado el 09 de agosto de 1989.Gemchip fue probada desde 1982 en ensayos de rendimiento bajo riego y de calidad de fritura a la inglesa en el oeste de los EE.UU. Produjo en promedio 23% más que Norchip y 14% más que Atlantic y se comporté bien al ser frita a la inglesa tanto recién cosechada como después de su almacenamiento. Gemchip es moderadamente tardía y resistente a la marchitez por Verticilium.


American Journal of Potato Research | 1993

DETECTION OF POTATO LEAFROLL VIRUS BY VISUAL INSPECTION, DIRECT TISSUE BLOTTING AND ELISA TECHNIQUES

Jonathan L. Whitworth; R. G. Samson; T. C. Allen; A. R. Mosley

Greenhouse-grown Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah plants were tested for potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by visual examination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and direct tissue-blotting assay (DTBA). Visibly infected and healthy plants were obtained from excised eyes of tubers submitted for winter certification tests. Each plant was sectioned into leaf, petiole, stem, root, seed piece, and tuber portions. Tissues were blotted on a nitrocellulose membrane for DTBA and then homogenized for use in a double-antibody sandwich ELISA system. Agreement between the two serological detection methods and with visual readings was high for petioles and stems, but lower for leaf, tuber and root tissues. Comparison of DTBA with ELISA and with visual plant symptoms suggest that DTBA can be used with the same accuracy as ELISA for detecting PLRV in stems and petiolesCompendioPlantas de “Russet Burbank” y “Russet Norkotah” producidas en invernadero fueron examinadas para detectar el virus del enrollamiento de la hoja de la papa (PLRV) por medio de un examen visual, de la prueba de conjugados enzimáticos (ELISA), y el tratamiento directode tejidos en placas de nitrocelulosa (DTBA). Plantas visiblemente infectadas y sanas fueron obtenidas de ojos extirpados de tubérculos entregados para exámenes de certificación de invierno. Cada planta era seccionada en hoja, peciolo, tallo, raíz, sección de semilla, y porciones de tubérculo. Los tejidos fueron teñidos en una membrana de nitrocelulosa para la DTBA y después homogenizados para usarlos en un sistema ELISA tipo sandwich de doble anticuerpo. La concordancia entre los dos métodos serológicos de detección y con las lecturas visuales fue alta para petiolos y tallos, pero menor para la hoja, tubérculo, y tejidos de la raíz. La comparación de la DTBA con ELISA y con los síntomas visuales de la planta sugiere que la DTBA puede usarse con la misma exactitud que ELISA para detectar PLRV én tallos y peciolos.

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D. C. Hane

Oregon State University

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S. R. James

Oregon State University

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J. J. Pavek

Agricultural Research Service

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R. G. Novy

Agricultural Research Service

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Jonathan L. Whitworth

Agricultural Research Service

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R. E. Thornton

Washington State University

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M. J. Pavek

Washington State University

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