Ajadir Fazolo

Removal of organic matter and nutrients from slaughterhouse wastewater by using Eichhornia crassipes and evaluation of the generated biomass composting

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho da macrofita aquatica Eichhornia crassipes, aplicada in situ em sistema de tratamento de abatedouro e frigorifico, localizado no Oeste do Parana, com relacao a remocao de nutrientes e materia orgânica, bem como obter dados da producao, de praticas de manejo e de compostagem da biomassa gerada no sistema. Durante 11 meses de desenvolvimento das macrofitas na lagoa, realizou-se o monitoramento de parâmetros fisico-quimicos e controlou-se a densidade das plantas, retirando-se periodicamente a biomassa em excesso por meio do acompanhamento semanal da densidade de plantas, expressa em kg de aguape por m2 de area liquida coberta. Avaliou-se, em escala-piloto, a degradacao das macrofitas retiradas do sistema de tratamento, montando-se oito leiras de compostagem com aproximadamente 0,60 m3, com quatro tratamentos distintos e duas repeticoes, sendo: T1- aguape (Eichhornia crassipes); T2 - aguape e dejeto suino; T3 - aguape, dejeto suino e terra, e T4 - aguape, dejeto suino e tripa celulosica, por periodo de 90 dias. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram as eficiencias maximas de remocoes: DQO de 77,2%; DBO de 77,8%; nitrogenio total de 87,9%; nitrogenio amoniacal de 47,5% e fosforo total de 38,9%, para o tempo de detencao de cinco dias. Quanto a estabilizacao da biomassa via processo de compostagem, considerando a relacao C:N como indicador da maturidade do composto, observou-se que o tratamento T4 obteve o menor periodo de estabilizacao: 60 dias. Nao houve diferenca significativa a 5%, pelo teste F, para a taxa de bioestabilizacao.

Influência de nitrogênio amoniacal e vazão de ar no processo de nitrificação, etapa de tratamento de efluente de abatedouro de peixe

The fish slaughterhouse effluent presents high levels of nitrogen, one of the major causes of eutrophication in water bodies. Nitrogen removal can be accomplished in two separate stages: Nitrification and Denitrification. This experiment aimed to test the influence of air flow (values between 1 and 3 L min-1) and ammonia nitrogen concentration (between 40 and 100 mg L-1) in the nitrification process. A 2.5 L volume sequencing batch reactor with immobilized biomass was operated as central rotational composed design, where the evaluated results were conversion of ammonia nitrogen to nitrate in percentage and nitrite accumulation in percentage. The results with confidence interval of 95% showed that the increase of both variables resulted in the significant reduction of the percentage of nitrogen conversion to nitrate. The nitrite accumulation percentage significantly increased with the ammonia nitrogen increase, although it was not observed significant influence of air flow. During the experiment the best condition found for the equilibrium of the reactions was 70 mg L-1 of ammonia nitrogen and air flow of 2 L min-1.

Tratamento de efluente de abatedouro de tilápia com adição de manipueira na fase anóxica

The objective of this work was to evaluate the denitrification of tilapia slaughterhouse wastewater, in a batch reactor. For this, it was evaluated the wastewater from a cassava processing industry (manipueira) as a carbon source. It was also evaluated the shaking conditions of the process. The experiments were carried out in laboratory series, where five shaking levels were tested (20; 32; 60; 88 e 100 rpm) as well as five COD/N ratio levels (0.1; 1.0; 3.2; 5.4 and 6.3), forming a planning as a Central Composite Rotational Design (CCRD), with four essays in levels +1 and - 1; four essays on the axial points levels (-1.414 and +1.414) and one more triplicate in the central point (0), which meant eleven essays. The denitrification performance through the nitrate removal (%) and nitrite removal (%) were evaluated. During this process, temperature (oC), pH and alkalinity (mgCaCO3.L-1) were also observed. The results showed that the COD/N ratio had significant influence, with a 95 % of confidence interval, on the process of nitrate and nitrite removal, with a great operation range, from 3.2 to 5.4, whose nitrogen removal efficiencies were 100 %.

Nitrificação de efluente de abatedouro de tilápia em função da aeração e tempo de reação

The occurrence of composts of nitrogen above the legal limits has been causing serious pollution problems in water receptor bodies. The biological process for removal of these substances commonly found in the ammoniacal nitrogen form is known as nitrification. The present study had as its objective the evaluation of the effects of the reaction time (TR) and of the aeration on the removal efficiency of the ammoniacal nitrogen and on the conversion of the ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate in a nitrification process of the tilapia slaughterhouse effluent in sequential batch reactor with biofilm. The experiment was performed using two reaction times (6 and 12 h) and two levels of air flow (3 and 6 L min-1), four treatments, starting from the combination of these two variables, were evaluated in an experimental planning of the factorial 22 type: being: T4 (QAr = 3 L min-1 and TR = 6); T2 (QAr = 6 L min-1 and TR = 6), T3 (QAr = 3 L min-1 and TR = 12) and T1 (QAr = 6 L min-1 and TR = 12), and four repetitions. The most significant results were obtained for treatment T4, where the efficiency for conversion of the ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate obtained was 57.27 ± 27.05 and removal of the ammoniacal nitrogen was 81.90% ± 3.80.

Hazen-Williams equation corrected for swine wastewater

The objective of this study was to evaluate the head losses in commercial tubes of zinc, galvanized iron and PVC, with different diameters, aiming to determinate correction factors for Hazen-Willams equation as a function of total solids in swine wastewater. The results showed that the head loss has a linear relation with the total solids of swine wastewater; the head losses estimated by partial and global correction factors showed mean overestimate and underestimate of 0.7 and 13%, respectively.