Ana Paula Serrata Malfitano

Juventude pobre, violência e cidadania

Este trabalho problematiza, a partir de uma perspectiva socio-historica, formas de enfrentamento a violencia a que estao submetidos adolescentes e jovens de grupos populares urbanos no Brasil. Considera-se a violencia como um fenomeno complexo de grande relevância para diversas instâncias sociais. A vulnerabilidade daqueles adolescentes e jovens, expressa por inumeros indices relacionados a violencia, tem alcancado patamares alarmantes no nosso pais, num contexto de politicas publicas que sao, em grande parte, insuficientes, fragmentadas e/ou inadequadas. Assim, apresenta-se o relato e a analise de uma intervencao social calcada na educacao e na defesa dos direitos decorrentes da cidadania, para adolescentes e jovens vulneraveis socialmente, tomando-se como referencia uma regiao composta por bairros pobres e carentes de infra-estrutura social numa cidade media do interior do estado de Sao Paulo. Trabalhou-se em diferentes projetos com acoes pautadas na abordagem interdisciplinar, por meio de tres eixos bases: Violencia Escolar; Violencia Urbana; e Violacao de Direitos e Comunidade. Os resultados alcancados refletem elaboracoes coletivas acerca das acoes destinadas aos jovens de grupos populares urbanos e suas alternativas, buscando produzir estrategias de enfrentamento dessas questoes em espacos publicos, desde a instituicao escolar historicamente constituida para essa populacao, assim como as instituicoes mais recentes que respondem a logica contraditoria e complexa da assistencia ao direito. Cria-se, portanto, subsidios para politicas publicas cujo impacto se de na direcao de promover a diminuicao da desigualdade, da discriminacao e da violencia a que esta sujeita a maioria dos adolescentes e jovens no Brasil.

Social occupational therapy: conversations about a Brazilian experience.

Background. Researchers and practitioners worldwide have advocated for the development of critical perspectives in occupational therapy to examine the structural influences of social exclusion and injustice experienced by individuals, groups, and communities. To take action against social exclusion and injustice, Brazilian occupational therapists have been developing “social occupational therapy,” referring to practice that is focused on social issues and funded outside the health system. Purpose. This paper presents a Brazilian perspective on the concept and practice of social occupational therapy. Illustrations are drawn from 12 studies, developed between 2008 and 2013, which were completed with socially vulnerable youth through an ongoing university-community engagement partnership in São Carlos, São Paulo State, Brazil. Key issues. The authors discuss possibilities and challenges for developing a socially committed, transformative occupational therapy outside the health system. Implications. Occupational therapists may wish to seize opportunities to address social issues and attract funding beyond health services.

Ação social e intersetorialidade: relato de uma experiência na interface entre saúde, educação e cultura

This paper is an analysis of an experience developed along with the Projeto Rotas Recriadas, in Campinas (state of Sao Paulo), a project designed to combat child and teenager sexual abuse, and in specific sexual exploitation. Through the partnership with Projeto Metuia, promoted by the Federal University of Sao Carlos, participants carried out academic and research activities. Workshop activities were developed, using individual and collective images as elements to assist in reestablishment of self, at ten Social Centers. In this project health professionals were introduced in a social, educational and cultural sphere, seeking to reach the teenagers, identify their demands and promote actions aiming to mediate and address the specific needs identified. The paper discuss the need for social interaction and activities as key elements in the process of bonding, creating ties and establishing goals for teenagers who are socially vulnerable.Trata-se da analise de uma experiencia desenvolvida junto ao Projeto Rotas Recriadas, em Campinas - SP, que se dedicou a constituir formas de enfrentamento a violencia sexual infanto-juvenil, em especial a exploracao sexual. Com base em uma parceria com o Nucleo UFSCar - Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos - do Projeto Metuia, foram realizadas atividades de extensao, formacao academica e desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Trabalhou-se com oficinas de atividades, tendo a imagem, individual e coletiva, como elemento catalisador da possibilidade de ressignificacao pessoal, em dez Centros de Convivencia. Buscou-se, nessa perspectiva, a insercao do profissional de saude no espaco da acao social, educacao e cultura, para: a aproximacao com os adolescentes, levantamento de demandas, realizacao de acoes de mediacao e de encaminhamentos para as necessidades apresentadas. Discute-se a convivencia e a atividade enquanto elementos-chave para a aproximacao, para o vinculo e para o estabelecimento de trabalhos com adolescentes em situacao de vulnerabilidade social.

Occupational Justice and Its Related Concepts: An Historical and Thematic Scoping Review

The concept of occupational justice relates to social inequality focusing on the needs of humans as occupational beings in their contexts. This article aims to examine the scholarly evolution of the term occupational justice and its related concepts. The article reports (a) the historical development of the term and (b) a thematic mapping of issues addressed by articles that used the occupational justice concept and its related terms. A scoping review was performed where 553 articles were found. We found the first article in 1974, and it was described as the first article that used the term. Two main sets of articles were analyzed: the ones that presented individual approaches and the ones framed by a collective approach. The review contributes to a better understanding of the use of the term occupational justice and its related concepts, and reflects on the impact of collective approaches to socially responsive occupation-based interventions.The concept of occupational justice relates to social inequality focusing on the needs of humans as occupational beings in their contexts. This article aims to examine the scholarly evolution of the term occupational justice and its related concepts. The article reports (a) the historical development of the term and (b) a thematic mapping of issues addressed by articles that used the occupational justice concept and its related terms. A scoping review was performed where 553 articles were found. We found the first article in 1974, and it was described as the first article that used the term. Two main sets of articles were analyzed: the ones that presented individual approaches and the ones framed by a collective approach. The review contributes to a better understanding of the use of the term occupational justice and its related concepts, and reflects on the impact of collective approaches to socially responsive occupation-based interventions.

Educação popular, ações em saúde, demandas e intervenções sociais: o papel dos agentes comunitários de saúde

This paper analyzes the intervention of Health Community Agents (HCAs) from the Family Health Program, with regard to social demands. Our reference is a region of Sao Paulos extended center characterized by the presence of tenement houses, former tenement houses and popular movements for housing. It counts on five HCAs, three of which are social movement leaders. The analyses focused on the dimension of popular education that derives from the participation in social movements, as characterized by the actions of these three militants who are also HCAs. Though participative research, interviews and direct observation, we strove to know whether implementing social policies and programs allowed to produce and consolidate social support nets for those in situation of social vulnerability. We concluded that social policies and programs will only be effective in social nets if they extend their intervention objectives and if look for intersectoral action.

Occupational therapy professional education and research in the social field

Abstract This paper discusses methods of professional education and intervention that highlight the technical-ethicalpolitical role of occupational therapy in dealing with contemporary social problems. The paper describes how experiences of occupational therapy in the social field were used with students as strategies for understanding social reality, accomplishing academic education and developing research and reflections about caring technologies in this field. The overall aims of the project are to promote undergraduate and graduate education and to increase the knowledge base of social occupational therapy, especially in the area of youth problems that, for social, cultural and historical reasons, disrupt social support networks. To achieve these objectives, we developed technologies for social actions directed toward socially vulnerable groups of Brazilian youths, through university extension activities and academic research. Occupational therapy provides interventions at the population level and contributes to the development of mutual social living. Our experiences of these interventions are used to demonstrate principles underpinning the promotion of the practice of democracy and rights deriving from citizenship.

Medidas socioeducativas em São Paulo: os serviços e os técnicos

This study aimed on knowing the scenario of socio educational measures in open environment in São Paulo State. Adolescents in conflict with the law are assisted by these services and their technicians. Thus, Regional Directorates of Social Support and Development and Coordination of Social Action were contacted, as they are responsible for overseeing socio educational measures in open environment, in order to map and contact them. Of 129 registered institutions, 96% of the coordinators answered a questionnaire about services and technical characterization. It was verified that services execution is done by Centers of Specialized Reference on Social Support, from Unified System of Social Support, and that there is a predominance of psychologists and social workers within the teams, among other results.Objetivou-se conhecer o cenario das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto do Estado de Sao Paulo. Tais servicos e seus tecnicos acompanham os adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Foram contatadas as Diretorias Regionais de Assistencia e Desenvolvimento Social e a Coordenadoria de Acao Social, responsaveis pela supervisao das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, para mapear e contatar tais servicos. Das 129 instituicoes cadastradas, 96% de seus coordenadores responderam a um questionario sobre a caracterizacao dos servicos e sua equipe tecnica. Verificou-se que a execucao de tais medidas se da pelos Centros de Referencia Especializados em Assistencia Social, do Sistema Unico de Assistencia Social, e que ha uma predominância dos tecnicos psicologos e assistentes sociais nas equipes, entre outros pontos.

Pedrinho, religiosidade e prostituição: os agenciamentos de um ser ambivalente

Os estudos sobre a juventude e os cursos da vida revelam a ambivalencia entre o desejo de ser e permanecer jovem e o imaginario em torno dos “perigos” trazidos por esse grupo. Diversas discussoes encontram-se focadas nas problematizacoes em torno de jovens pobres, principalmente aqueles que fazem uso de drogas, sobre os quais se realiza uma abordagem imbuida pela falta, pela criminalizacao ou pela medicalizacao. Partindo de uma compreensao social sobre o tema e a desconstrucao de estereotipos calcados no imaginario social, buscamos identificar as redes sociais, formais e informais, de jovens que dizem que usam drogas ilicitas, na periferia urbana de um municipio de medio porte de Sao Paulo. Para tanto, realizou-se um trabalho de campo de base etnografica, por dois anos, junto aqueles que nos diziam que precisavam ou ja precisaram de algum auxilio devido ao uso de drogas. Apresenta-se a historia de Pedrinho e os seus caminhos tecidos para a obtencao de suportes, centrados em sua mae, numa colega da prostituicao e em dois lideres religiosos, um pastor e um pai de santo. A analise de suas redes sociais, principalmente as de cunho religioso, ressalta a ambivalencia presente e revela o suporte fornecido na relacao com as pessoas, desconstruindo os discursos acerca da “salvacao” de usuarios de droga pela fe. O carater informal de suas redes demonstra os agenciamentos trazidos pela vida, permitindo-nos alicercar Pedrinho como parte de uma realidade possivel e que transcende as instituicoes formais de auxilio, que nao ofertaram repostas condizentes a sua realidade.

Socio educational measures in São Paulo: services and technicians

This study aimed on knowing the scenario of socio educational measures in open environment in São Paulo State. Adolescents in conflict with the law are assisted by these services and their technicians. Thus, Regional Directorates of Social Support and Development and Coordination of Social Action were contacted, as they are responsible for overseeing socio educational measures in open environment, in order to map and contact them. Of 129 registered institutions, 96% of the coordinators answered a questionnaire about services and technical characterization. It was verified that services execution is done by Centers of Specialized Reference on Social Support, from Unified System of Social Support, and that there is a predominance of psychologists and social workers within the teams, among other results.Objetivou-se conhecer o cenario das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto do Estado de Sao Paulo. Tais servicos e seus tecnicos acompanham os adolescentes em conflito com a lei. Foram contatadas as Diretorias Regionais de Assistencia e Desenvolvimento Social e a Coordenadoria de Acao Social, responsaveis pela supervisao das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, para mapear e contatar tais servicos. Das 129 instituicoes cadastradas, 96% de seus coordenadores responderam a um questionario sobre a caracterizacao dos servicos e sua equipe tecnica. Verificou-se que a execucao de tais medidas se da pelos Centros de Referencia Especializados em Assistencia Social, do Sistema Unico de Assistencia Social, e que ha uma predominância dos tecnicos psicologos e assistentes sociais nas equipes, entre outros pontos.

Critical dialogical approach: A methodological direction for occupation-based social transformative work

Abstract Background: Calls for embracing the potential and responsibility of occupational therapy to address socio-political conditions that perpetuate occupational injustices have materialized in the literature. However, to reach beyond traditional frameworks informing practices, this social agenda requires the incorporation of diverse epistemological and methodological approaches to support action commensurate with social transformative goals. Aim: Our intent is to present a methodological approach that can help extend the ways of thinking or frameworks used in occupational therapy and science to support the ongoing development of practices with and for individuals and collectives affected by marginalizing conditions. Method: We describe the epistemological and theoretical underpinnings of a methodological approach drawing on Freire and Bakhtin’s work. Results: Integrating our shared experience taking part in an example study, we discuss the unique advantages of co-generating data using two methods aligned with this approach; dialogical interviews and critical reflexivity. Discussion: Key considerations when employing this approach are presented, based on its proposed epistemological and theoretical stance and our shared experiences engaging in it. Significance: A critical dialogical approach offers one way forward in expanding occupational therapy and science scholarship by promoting collaborative knowledge generation and examination of taken-for-granted understandings that shape individuals assumptions and actions.