Cláudio Scapinello

Utilização do farelo de girassol na alimentação de frangos de corte

A trial was carried out to evaluate the broiler chicks performance fed with increasing sunflower meal levels. A total of 1200 one-day-old chicks were allotted in a completely randomized design with six treatments, four replicates and 50 birds by experimental unit. The treatments consisted on a corn, soybean meal based control diet (RT) and five others with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of soybean meal protein replacement by sunflower meal protein. A quadratic effect of the sunflower meal levels on feed gain at initial phase, on feed intake and average weight gain at growing phase and on weight gain at total period were observed. In isoenergetic and isoaminoacid diets for digestible methionine+cystine and lysine, the soybean meal protein can be replaced by the sunflower meal protein up to 30% level, which corresponds to nearly 15% of sunflower meal inclusion in the broiler chicks diets.

Influência de fatores antinutricionais da leucena (Leucaena leucocephala e Leucaena cunningan) e do feijão guandu (Cajanus cajan) sobre o epitélio intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte

A trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of antinutritional factors in some feedstuffs on broiler chicks performance and intestinal epithelium. A total of 480 one-day old broiler chicks were allotted to a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (A= corn and soybean meal based control diet; B = diet containing Leucaena leucocephala - 6% [LL]; C = diet containing Leucaena cunningan - 6% [LC] and D = diet containing Pigeous bean - Cajanus cajan - 20% [CC]), four replicates and 30 broiler chicks per experimental unit. The broiler chicks, which were fed with LL and LC containing diets showed lower weight gain and a worse feed: gain in the periods from 1 to 21 and from 1 to 42 days of age. At 21st days of age only the broiler chicks fed with LC containing diet showed a higher villi size in jejunum and villi: crypt ratio in jejunum and ileum. There was significant increase on the number of Goblet cells in the duodenum and jejunum in the broiler chicks of all treatments at the 21st day of age, and only broiler chicks fed with LL and LC containing diets showed an increased number of Goblet cells in the ileum. At 42th day of age, an increase of Goblet cells was observed in the duodenum of broiler chicks fed with CC containing diets, and in the ileum of broiler chicks fed with LL, LC e CC containing diets. Feed intake and crypt depth were not influenced by treatments in any of the experimental periods. Alterations on jejunum villi morphology, villi: crypt ratio and increased number of Goblet cells in the initial period resulted on a worse weight gain and feed: gain in the initial and total growth periods of the broiler chicks.

Efeito da utilização de oligossacarídeo manose e acidificantes sobre o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento

A trial was carried out to verify the effects of the addition of fumaric acid, oligosaccharide mannose (BIO-MOS®), acidifiers (ACID-ALL® ) and oligosaccharide + acidifiers in diets growing rabbits on performance. One hundred NZW rabbits, 50 males and 50 females from 39 to 75 days old, distributed in a randomized experimental design with five treatments, 10 replications and two animals by experimental unit. In the period from 39-50 and 39-75 days of experiment none of these performance characteristics was affected by inclusion of oligosaccharide mannose, acidifiers and oligosaccharide +acidifiers did not influence the performance of growing rabbits.

Efeito da utilização de dietas simplificadas, à base de forragem, sobre a digestibilidade e o desempenho de coelhos Nova Zelândia

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the dry matter, crude protein and gross energy digestibilities and the performance of rabbits fed simplified diets based on forages. In digestibility assay, 45 New Zealand white rabbits with 1,550 kg of initial weight and 50 days old were distributed to a completely randomized design with 3 diets and 15 replications. Three diets were used: a reference-diet and two simplified diets (one with alfalfa hay and other with upper third part of foliage cassava hay). Coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were 50.06, 73.29 and 50.59% for the diet with alfalfa hay and 29.64, 46.96 and 24.52% for simplified diet with upper third part of foliage cassava hay. In performance experiment, 90 New Zealand white rabbits from 35 to 70 days old were distributed to a completely randomized design with three diets, above specified, and 30 replications. The results obtained with simplified diets in the total experimental period of (35 to 70 days) were lower than those obtained with the reference-diet; however, more studies should be conducted with simplified diets to obtain maximum incorporation use of forages for the animal.

Utilização de probiótico, ácido orgânico e antibiótico em dietas para coelhos em crescimento: ensaio de digestibilidade, avaliação da morfometria intestinal e desempenho

Three experiments, an essay of digestibility, other of morphometrical intestinal evaluation and of performance were carried out to evaluate the effects of inclusion of Calsporin® (0,03%), fumaric acid (1,5%) and zinc bacitracin with 15% of activity (0,10%) in diets, separated or combined, on utilization of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, gross energy and the morphometrical jejunal analysis and the essay performed of growing rabbits. For the digestibility essay 64 White New Zealand rabbits were used, half of each sex, 50 days old, distributed on a completly randomized design with eight treatments and eight replicates. There was no difference for the digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and gross energy among the treatments. For the morphometrical jejunal analysis, 100 White New Zealand rabbits were slaughtered, four in the begining of the experiment, with 35 days old, and four animals per treatment at 50, 60, and 75 days old. The inclusion of the additives in the diet, separated or combined, had no effect on the jejunal wall , muscularis external tunica and the total wall morphometry of the growing rabbits. However the thickness of mucosal tunic decreased linearly with the age of rabbits. For the performed essay, 176 White New Zealand rabbits were used, half of each sex, from 35 to 75 days old, allocated in a completely randomized design, with eight treatments, 11 replicates and two animals for each replicate. The inclusion of the additives, separated or combined, had no effect on the performance from 35 to 50 days old. In the total experimental period, the best performance was observed in the animals fed with diets containing fumaric acid, fumaric acid + zinc bacitracin and the diets containing the three additives. The weight and yield carcass, were higher to the animals fed with the addition of fumaric acid or fumaric acid + zinc bacitracin in their diets. There were no effects of the treatments on the liver, kidneys and heart weight.

Utilização do farelo de germe de milho desengordurado na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação: digestibilidade e desempenho

Two studies (Digestibility and Performance) were carried out to evaluate the nutritional value and the feasibility of using defatted corn germ meal (DCGM) fed to growing-finishing pigs. I) Digestibility trial: Twelve pigs with initial body weight of 42.0±5.4 kg were hold in metabolism cage. Six pigs were fed a diet with 70% of basal diet plus 30% of DCGM and six received basal diet. DCGM showed an energy digestibility coefficient of 80.98% and metabolisation coefficient of 78.04%, that means 3,060 kcal of DE/kg and 2,949 Kcal of ME/kg. II) Performance trial: A total of 32 crossbreed swine were used, half castrated males and half females, with an initial body weigh of 31.9±3.6 kg. Pigs were placed on 16 pens with two animals per pen. The animals were fed a ration containing increasing levels (0, 15, 30 e 45%) of defatted corn germ meal. It was used a randomized complete block design, with four treatments and four replicates with two animals per experimental unit. Increasing levels of DCGM impaired swine performance decreased backfat thickness and did not affected loin depth, measured on animal alive. Economical study, considering DCGM price as 80% of corn price, showed that 15% level of DCGM is the most profitable, either on growing or finishing phase.

Exigência nutricional de Lisina para codornas Japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em postura

Um ensaio de desempenho foi realizado para determinar a exigencia nutricional de lisina para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em postura. Foram utilizadas 288 codornas, com 51 dias de idade, durante quatro ciclos de 21 dias, distribuidas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e seis repeticoes, sendo a unidade experimental constituida por oito codornas. Uma racao testemunha, contendo niveis adequados de proteina bruta e aminoacidos e outras cinco racoes, contendo niveis crescentes de lisina (0,65; 0,85; 1,05; 1,25; e 1,45%) e 14,1% de proteina bruta foram avaliadas. Excluindo a racao testemunha, as estimativas de exigencias, considerando-se porcentagem de postura e peso medio dos ovos, foram 1,07 e 1,08% de lisina, respectivamente. A racao testemunha com 19,0% de proteina bruta e 1,0% de lisina foi suficiente para atender a exigencia nutricional deste aminoacido.

Nutritional evaluation of vegetable and mixed crude glycerin in the diet of growing rabbits

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition of vegetable and mixed crude glycerin and digestible energy to and evaluate different inclusion levels in rabbit feeding. A total of 108 rabbits were used in the digestibility assay, assigned in a completely randomized design into nine treatments, one reference diet plus eight test diets, where the glycerin types were included at levels of 4, 8, 12 and 16%, replacing the reference diet roughage. In the performance assay, 180 rabbits were assigned to a completely randomized design into a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (two types of glycerin and four levels of inclusion: 3, 6, 9 and 12%) plus a reference diet and ten replications. The vegetable and mixed crude glycerin showed digestible energy of 5,099 and 4,953 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Although feed intake decreased linearly with the growing inclusion of both kinds of glycerin during both evaluated periods (from 32 to 50 and 32 to 70 days), performance losses occurred only with the inclusion of vegetable crude glycerin. The inclusion of mixed crude glycerin up to 12% allowed similar animal performance to the reference diet up to 50 days, unlike vegetable crude glycerin, for which inclusions over 6% in the diet resulted in poorer performance compared with that obtained with the reference diet. In the total period, differences were not observed for live weight or weight gain of the animals fed both glycerin types. Carcass weight decreased linearly with the inclusion of both glycerin types, with lower values compared with the reference diet only for the two highest levels of glycerin inclusion. Mixed crude glycerin can be included up to the maximum level studied (12%), while vegetable glycerin can be added up to 6% in the diet of growing rabbits.

Nutritive value and performance of growing rabbits fed rations containing extruded corn

Two experiments were carried out, with the aim of evaluating the use of corn processed or not by extrusion, in the feeding of growing rabbits. In the experiment 1, 21 White New Zealand rabbits, 12 males and 9 females, with 55 days of age, were used on digestibility assay, with the aim of determining the nutritional value of corn, extruded or not. The rabbits were distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments and seven replications, with one reference and four test diets. In the elaboration of test diets, the evaluated feeds (corn processed or not on extrusion) replaced the reference diet in 30% in natural matter. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, starch and gross energy were respectively, 81.39, 88.24, 87.08, 98.63 and 90.24% for the corn not processed and 86.46, 96.96, 94.11, 98.91 and 97.54% for the extruded corn. The digestible dry matter, digestible organic matter, digestible protein, digestible starch and digestible energy, based on dry matter were respectively, 71.16, 87.27, 7.78, 60.09% and 3997 kcal/kg for the corn not processed and of 75.6, 95.9, 8.41, 60.26% and 4320 kcal/kg for the extruded corn. In the experiment 2, 80 White New Zealand rabbits were used, half of each sex, in the period from 35 to 75 days of age, with the aim of evaluating the performance of growing rabbits fed with rations containing different replacement levels of corn by the extruded corn. The rabbits were allocated in a completely randomized design with four treatments and twenty replications. The treatments consisted of four isoenergetic ration, one as reference ration, with base on common corn not processed and the other three rations where the common corn was replaced, in levels of 33, 66 and 100%, by the extruded corn. The inclusion of increasing levels of extruded corn in the rations did not affect the daily average weight gain, feed:gain ratio, weight and carcass yield, however it reduced linearly daily average feed intake. It can be concluded that corn extruded or not can replace totally the corn in rations. The use of extruded corn extruded or not in rations depends on market price and availability.

Nutritional value of recovery yeast (Saccharomyces sp), dried by rotative cylinder or by "spray-dry" for growing rabbits

Thirty rabbits from New Zealand White breed , 15 males and 15 females, with 50 days of age, were used on assay of digestibility, with the aim to determine the nutritional value of recovery yeast (Saccharomyces sp), dried in a rotational cylinder (RYRC) and by spray-dry (RYSD). The rabbits were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and ten replicates, with one as a reference diet and two test diets. In the elaboration of test diets, the RYRC and the RYSD replaced 25% of the reference diet dry matter, containing 15.27% of crude protein, 15.51% of crude fiber, and 4397 kcal of gross energy, respectively. The coefficients of apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, and gross energy were, 73.80%, 55.44%, 55.27% and 69.60% for RYRC and 83.33%, 79.14%, 48.24% and 87.19%, respectively, for RYSD. The dry matter digestible, crude protein digestible, crude fiber digestible and gross energy digestible, based on the total dry matter were, 68.06%, 18.25%, 0.80% and 3,448 kcal/kg for RYRC and 75.57%, 25.22%, 0.20% and 3,858% kcal/kg, respectively, for RYSD. The results showed that RYSD was nutritionally better than RYRC.