Paulo Dabdab Waquil

Estrutura e dinâmica dos contratos na suinocultura de Santa Catarina: um estudo de casos múltiplos

The economic performance of the Brazilian swine and swine meat production was based on technological and organizational innovations, in which the contracts play an important role in the supply chain coordination. The goal of this research is to characterize the transaction among swine producers and slaughters and meat processors in Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the contract structure of incentives and controls which supports this transaction. The research technique employed is a multiple case study, with 19 interviews with swine producers and the analysis of 12 contracts. The results show an organizational diversity and its dynamics. The contract incentives and controls are structured to reach economic and efficiency goals.

O comércio potencial brasileiro de carne bovina no contexto de integração regional

This study analyses the Brazilian beef exportation potential considering the supposition of future agreements of regional integration. The countries or blocks that were chosen are The European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Popular Republic of China (PRC) and Japan. To analyze the meat sector exportation potential, four methodological generalizations are developed: the importing potential of the mentioned countries, the calculus of the evolution in the Revealed Advantage Index of Brazilian exportations and its main competitors, bibliographical research of the main existing trade barriers and the calculus of the Regional Orientation Index. The results concerning the importing potential indicate that the European Union (EU) consists of a very attractive market to Brazilian beef. The results of the calculus of comparative advantages reveal that Brazil has a higher competitivity in meat sector and it increasing in the period between 1990 and 2003. When considering the competitors inside each block or country, the European Union shows up as the major competitor. As far as the imposed trade barriers, these come out, in a general way, as extremely high and sometimes representing a blockage. Thus, the Brazilian meat sector would be largely improved if these barriers were eliminated. Finally, on the last relation, we can verify the high level of acceptance of Brazilian beef exportation to those blocks that do not have impeditive sanitary barriers. Nevertheless, when crossing the results obtained to the sector one can observe that from the accomplishment of inter-regional free trade agreements, via Mercosur or through bilateral agreements with the blocks or countries considered in this study, would bring real profits to the Brazilian meat sector.

Efeitos do acordo entre o Mercosul e a União Européia sobre os mercados de grãos

This study aims to measure the effects of an agreement betwe-en Mercosur and the European Union (EU) on production, consumption and trade flows of rice, maize, soybeans and wheat in several regions. To estimate the effects of this agreement we used a spatial allo-cation model presented as a Mixed Complementarity Problem. As a result, we identify the variations in Producer’s Surplus for the scenarios Mercosur-EU and Mercosur-extended EU, considering the elimination of tariff barriers and/or subsidies. In general, the highest gains for grain producers in the Mercosur countries happen in the Mercosur-EU scenario with the elimination of subsidies by the European countries. However, we emphasize that total gains for the Mercosur countries are positive, but the wheat sector shows significant losses in this scenario.....Este estudo busca mensurar os efeitos do acordo entre o Mercosul e a Uniao Europeia (UE) sobre a producao, consumo e fluxos comerciais de arroz, milho, soja e trigo nas diversas regioes analisadas. Para avaliar os efeitos deste acordo utilizamos um modelo de alocacao espacial apresentado como um Problema de Complementaridade Mista (PCM). Como resultado, o presente estudo identifica as variacoes no Excedente do Produtor (EP) nos cenarios Mercosul-UE e Mercosul-UE ampliada considerando a eliminacao das barreiras tarifarias e/ou subsidios. Em termos gerais, os maiores ganhos para os produtores de graos dos paises do Mercosul ocorrem no cenario Mercosul-UE com eliminacao dos subsidios por parte dos paises da UE. No entanto, salienta-se que, embora os ganhos totais para os paises do Mercosul sejam positivos, o setor triticola apresenta perdas significativas neste cenario.

Percepção e medidas de gestão de riscos por produtores de arroz irrigado na Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul

Agricultural production has many different influencing factors compared to other economic activities. One of the most striking is the extent of the risks to which it is exposed. Irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, although seeming less susceptible than non-irrigated crops, is also exposed to risks. Worlds largest producer of rice outside Asia, Brazil has the state of Rio Grande do Sul as its main producer. The aim of this study was to analyze how rice farmers in Fronteira Oeste, Rio Grande do Sul realize the risks of their activity and how they manage them. Methodology involved the administration of a questionnaire, according to a non-probabilistic sample. The results indicated that rice farmers attach greater relevance to economic and social risks rather than to production related ones. Thus, one realizes the importance of business management, in order to integrate their activity with others links of the production chain. Costs reduction may be an option to mitigate market risks, identified as the most relevant by the rice growers. Rice growers´ perception on risk and on measures to mitigate it may represent the foundation for formulating risk management strategies.

Pobreza rural e degradação ambiental: uma refutação da hipótese do círculo vicioso

This study analyses the relationships between rural poverty and environmental degradation in Machadinho and Maximiliano de Almeida, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A database was formed based on 48 interviews with small farmers, including several environmental and socioeconomic indicators. Non-linear regression (Probit) models were estimated, with dummy variables as dependents, expressing environmental degradation, and the socioeconomic indicators as independent variables, expressing the rural poverty situations. The main results point towards a refutation of the hypothesis that rural poverty and environmental degradation are directly correlated, forming a vicious circle.

Smoking and poverty in Brazil: an analysis of the profile of the smoking population based on the 2008-09 Brazilian government Family Budget Survey

This paper aims to characterize the Brazilian population who spent money with tobacco products. POF dataset was used from IBGE of the years 2008 and 2009. The same definition that IBGE usually use for tobacco consumer was applied, which is someone has spent money with any kind of tobacco products and its derivatives. It was used individual aspects taking into account such as gender, schooling, age (over 14 years old), income lines, regions and ethnics to characterize these populations. Descriptive statistics were employed to estimate the results and the complex sample design of the survey was considered. According to our results, on average, 10% of the Brazilian population have spent money with tobacco products. Besides, these people are older, earn low salaries and have less schooling than someone who does not consume tobacco. Moreover, for this population 1.5% of the family budget is spent on tobacco products. Last but not least, the most of tobacco consumers are men. In general, money which is spent on tobacco products can cause impressive effects on domestic budget because this value could supply other important necessities to the family. Although there are many monitoring and prevention strategies to avoid tobacco consume, deep knowledge about this population that actually consume these products can increase the efficacy of more specific policies.

The evolution of sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay: a comparative analysis of structural change

This study intended to analyze comparatively the evolution and the structural changes in sheep production in Rio Grande do Sul and Uruguay, being the international wool crisis used as a reference point. The analysis method was based on an econometrics time series, and the analysis began with the estimation of models that used linear and semi logarithmic regression. The estimation of the models proved that there were structural changes in sheep production in these regions, and this estimation used the wool crisis as a point of reference. In Rio Grande do Sul after 1990, the variables of sheep stock, wool and sheep meat presented a negative variable in their posted annual growth rates, as they decreased by 5.9%, 5.6% and 5.6%, respectively. The negative growth rates in Uruguay for the same variables in the same period were 6.1%, 5.6% and 0.9%, respectively. The data models indicate that there was no return to a balanced situation after the changes caused by the crisis. Therefore, the sheep market was permanently affected, which dynamically determined the evolution of sheep production and was defined by changes and uncertainty.

A influência de fatores econômicos, institucionais e sociais na inserção de agroindústrias rurais em Santa Catarina

As agroindustrias rurais (ARs) tem sido vistas como uma possibilidade estrategica para produtores rurais. Diversos sao, entretanto, os fatores criticos ao sucesso desses empreendimentos, como tambem diversos sao os tipos de ARs existentes. O presente estudo, objetivando conhecer a realidade das ARs, busca quantificar a influencia dos fatores economicos, institucionais e sociais em promover sua insercao nos mercados e verificar se essa influencia ocorre de forma diferenciada para os tipos de ARs existentes. Como base, as seguintes teorias sao utilizadas: Economia Neoclassica e Organizacao Industrial, Nova Economia Institucional e Sociologia Economica. O universo abrange as agroindustrias rurais de pequeno e medio porte, e a amostra foi composta por 40 unidades de analise de duas microrregioes geograficas de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista estruturada e operacionalizados por meio de um modelo de regressao. Os achados mostram que as dimensoes economica e institucional tem influencias semelhantes para a insercao das ARs no mercado e sao, aproximadamente, duas vezes mais influentes que a dimensao social, quando se consideram todas as ARs da amostra. Quando se estratifica a amostra por tipos de ARs, percebe-se que ha diferentes influencias das dimensoes do estudo para os diferentes tipos de ARs......The rural agro-industries (RA) are understood as a strategic option for farmers. However, there are several factors which impacts negatively on the success of those institutions, unities. Moreover, there are several types of these organizations. The study, aiming to meet the reality of RAs, seeks to quantify the influence of the economics, institutional and social factors in promoting their inclusion in the market as well as verifying whether this influence occurs differently to each the type of RA. As theoretical basis, we have used the following theories: Neoclassical Economic and Industrial Organization, New Institutional Economics, Economic Sociology. The research covers the small and the mid-sized rural agro-industries, and the sample involved 40 agro--industries. A structured interview was conducted to collect the data. Through a regression model, we have attempted to quantify the influence of each dimension, and the results show that the economic and institutional dimensions have similar influences to the insertion of RAs in the market and are approximately two times more influential than the social dimension, when regarding all the RAs of the sample. When the sample is stratified by RAs types, the conclusion is that there are different influences of the dimensions of the study for different types of RAs.

Gestão de organizações cooperativas: o problema do portfólio em cooperativas agropecuárias do Rio Grande do Sul

Este trabalho objetivou analisar o problema do portfolio e identificar as estrategias empregadas pelas cooperativas agropecuarias do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), a fim de minimizar esse problema decorrente dos direitos de propriedade difusos. A ferramenta para coleta dos dados consistiu em um roteiro semiestruturado e foram amostradas 10% das cooperativas agropecuarias do RS, estratificadas com base no porte e na atividade produtiva. O problema do portfolio apresentou maior incidencia nas cooperativas que processam ou transformam a materia-prima. Visando a reducao do problema do portfolio, identificaram-se diferentes estrategias nas cooperativas analisadas: a escolha dos projetos de investimentos com base no mercado, a avaliacao tecnica dos projetos e investimentos, a opcao pelo nao crescimento da cooperativa, a composicao do conselho de administracao para evitar problemas de portfolio lateral.

A Insegurança Alimentar no Rural do Rio Grande do Sul: análise da privação de uma capacitação básica

Atraves da Abordagem das Capacitacoes, o objetivo deste trabalho e analisar os intitulamentos que se relacionam com a inseguranca alimentar no Rio Grande do Sul, e avaliar os impactos dessa situacao para a expansao das capacitacoes das familias rurais gauchas. Os resultados da analise realizada, atraves do modelo de regressao Probit, que permitiram diferenciar e tecer comentarios entre os espacos rural e urbano do Rio Grande do Sul, evidenciam a necessidade de um tratamento multidimensional para a caracterizacao das situacoes de inseguranca alimentar, sugerindo a inclusao de novas percepcoes que permitam melhor caracterizar as dificuldades de acesso a alimentacao adequada, propondo uma alternativa a perspectiva tradicional.