Warley Efrem Campos

Avaliação nutricional do subproduto da agroindústria de abacaxi como aditivo de silagem de capim-elefante

The present study aimed to determine de nutritional value of mixed elephant grass silages in increasing levels with dehydrated pineapple industry by-product (PAB). Five PAB levels (0.0, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, and 14.0%) were tested with 20 male non-castrated sheep in a randomized experimental design of five treatments (PAB levels) and four replications per treatment (sheep). Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose (CEL), hemicelulose (HCEL) and energy as well as nitrogen balance were determined. Linear increases on the DM, CP intake and digestible energy occurred as the PAB content increased in the silage. For every increase of 1% of PAB in the silage, increments of 16.17 g and 1.55 g of DM and CP intakes, respectively, were observed. The addition of PAB in the silage increased the DDM, DCP and DE intake. However, the nutrients digestibility remained unchanged. Mean values were 53.3%, 42.1%, 55.2% and 2.92 g/day for DM, CP, NDF and NB, respectively. NB was positive only with PAB in the rations. It is concluded that additions of PAB in the elephant grass silage up to a level of 14% in a natural basis increases the digestible nutrients intake.

Parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos, bioquímicos e hormonais de bovinos submetidos ao estresse calórico

Clinical, haemathological, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were characterized in 39 males and 32 females crossbred cattle (½ Holstein x ½ Gir), averaging 14 to 20 months of age, submitted to thermoneutrality (22oC and 70% of RH) and heat stress (42oC and 60% RH) in summer and winter in climatic chamber. At clinical examination, all animals presented salivation and ocular globe retraction. Under heat stress, animals increased erythrocytes count, hemoglobin total concentration, hematocrit, concentraction of total proteins, urea, creatinin, sodium, potassium, chlorides, cortisol, urinary pH and density, and dry matter of feces (P 0.05). It was concluded that hematology, biochemical, and hormonal parameters are important to characterize the heat stress in cattle.

Taxa de sudação e parâmetros histológicos de bovinos submetidos ao estresse calórico

Coat thickness, sweat rate, and histological parameters were characterized in 39 males and 32 females crossbred cattle (½ Holstein x ½ Gir), averaging 14 to 20 months of age, submitted to thermoneutrality (22oC and 70% of relative humidity - RH) and heat stress (42oC and 60% RH) in summer and winter in a climatic chamber. Fur length and coat thickness were significantly higher in summer than winter, 1.58 and 1.04cm and 5.31 and 3.91mm, respectively (P<0.05). Skin histology showed that sweat gland area and distance of gland to epithelium was shorter in summer than in winter, 2,589 and 4,051µm and 294 and 344µm, respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that the season influenced the coat thickness, the sweat glands disposal and activity to maximize thermic homeostasis control.

A calorimetry system for metabolism trials

An indirect calorimetry system for rapid determination of CO2 and CH4 production and O2 consumption to estimate heat production of animals was built at Escola de Veterinaria da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Procedures for determination of correction and calibration factors for gas analyzers and the whole system, using standard test gases were described. In addition, a metabolic trial was performed to evaluate heat production of lambs fed ad libitum. It is concluded that the system is suitable for heat production determinations in small and medium size animals.

Degradabilidade in situ da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo com e sem tanino: II - Fibra detergente neutro, fibra detergente ácido, hemicelulose e celulose

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicelulose and celulose of four sorghum genotypes with (CMS XS 210 and BR 701) or without (CMS XS 214 and BR 007) tannin in a completely randomized block design experiment with three replicates (animals), in a split plot arrangement. The four genotypes were allotted to the plots and the time of disappearance to the split plot. The BR 701 showed higher NDF and ADF degradation up to 24h of incubation and hemicelulose up to 48h, been the values similar after those times. No differences concerning the disappearance values of cellulose among genotypes and times were observed.

Degradabilidade in situ da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo com e sem tanino: I - Matéria seca e proteína bruta

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of four sorghum genotypes with (CMS XS 210 and BR 701) or without (CMS XS 214 and BR 007) tannin in a completely randomized block design experiment with three replicates (animals), in a split plot arrangement. The four genotypes were allotted to the plots and the time of disappearance to the split plot. The DM of CMS XS210 was less degraded when compared to the others and sorghums with tannin showed lower CP degradability when compared to the sorghums without tannin.

Degradabilidade ruminal da fibra das frações do resíduo industrial de tomate

The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of skins and whole or grounded (sieve of 2mm) seeds of tomato by-product (TBP). Three steers were used in a split-plot block design. The solubility of NDF showed low values for all the evaluated fractions, been similar among skins (3%), whole seeds (5%) and total TBP (7%). Grounded seeds showed higher NDF solubility (20%). The NDF potential degradability for grounded seeds, TBP, skins and whole seed were 78, 64, 63 and 33%, respectively. NDF degradability rates varied from 4.4 to 14.8%/h for all TBP fractions, been 9%/h for total TBP. The ADF parameters followed the same trend as NDF. TBP NDF and ADF showed good degradability rates, but the potential degradability of these fractions depends on the showed processing, since whole seeds NDF and ADF showed degradability much lower than grounded seeds.

Estimativa de consumo de matéria seca e de fibra em detergente neutro por vacas leiteiras sob pastejo, suplementadas com diferentes quantidades de alimento concentrado

The intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) by crossbred lactating cows were estimated under Brachiaria grazing. Twenty-four cows were allotted in three treatments in order to receive 4, 6, or 8kg of concentrate twice a day, during the milking. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, being eight blocks with three cows in each. The intake of NDF was 1.1, 1.0, and 1.2 of live weight for cows fed 4, 6, and 8kg of concentrate per day, respectively. The 8kg concentrate treatment produced different results (P<0.05) from the others. The increase of concentrate supply also increased (P<0.05) the total consumption of pasture dry matter, which were 1.8, 1.8, and 2.0% of live weight for cows supplemented with 4, 6, and 8kg of concentrate per day, respectively. It was concluded that high level of concentrate offered to lactating cows under tropical grazing induced a greater intake of total pasture dry matter and NDF, regarding the live weight.