Bongin Yoo

Blood Pressure as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Blood pressure is elevated in most patients during acute ischemic stroke, but the prognostic significance of this is unclear as the current data yield conflicting results. METHODS Admission blood pressure from the 1281 patients in the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) was analyzed for prognostic significance as well as the risk of hemorrhagic transformation. We also examined weighted-average blood pressure over seven days, and the impact of a 30% change in blood pressure in 24 hours. Patients with severe hypertension were excluded from the TOAST trial. RESULTS Increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission, but not diastolic (DBP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) was predictive of poor outcome, but this effect was not significant after adjustment for other know prognostic factors. Increasing weighted-average SBP and MAP over seven days were predictive for poor outcome, but a 30% change in blood pressure over 24 hours was not. CONCLUSIONS Admission blood pressure is not an independent prognostic factor in acute ischemic stroke, but the weighted-average of SBP and MAP over seven days probably does have predictive value with higher values having a worse prognosis. A prospective trial of blood pressure control during acute stroke is needed.

Improving prediction of outcome in good grade subarachnoid hemorrhage

OBJECTIVEWe hypothesize that subtle neurological signs at baseline could be present in some “good grade” subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients and that they would have negative prognostic implications. METHODSWe analyzed data from 1000 patients randomized to the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial (World Federation of Neurological Societies Grades I, II, and III). Nine hundred and forty-four patients had a complete National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) examination performed at baseline. We analyzed the relationship between baseline NIHSS scores and Glasgow Outcome Scale scores at 3 months. Using stepwise logistic regression, we identified the individual NIHSS items that independently predicted outcome to construct a useful shorter version of the scale for SAH. RESULTSThe NIHSS was abnormal at baseline in 23% of the Grade I patients and 82% of the Grade II patients. Baseline NIHSS scores strongly predicted 3-month outcomes (P < 0.001). The NIHSS items that were relevant to predict outcome were level of consciousness, dysarthria, visual fields, and worst motor score for the arms. Baseline NIHSS-SAH scores also independently predicted 3-month outcomes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONSubtle neurological signs at baseline are common in World Federation of Neurological Societies Grades I and II patients and are associated with a worse outcome at 3 months. These signs are not detected by the World Federation of Neurological Societies classification. A better stratification of “good grade” SAH patients to predict long-term outcomes may be desirable for clinical trials and practice. Either using the full NIHSS or a shortened version testing level of consciousness, visual fields, dysarthria and worst arm motor score will help to better stratify “good-grade” SAH patients.