C. C. Shock

Bannock Russet: A Dual-Purpose, Russet Potato Cultivar With High U. S. No. 1 Yield and Multiple Disease Resistances

Bannock Russet, a late-maturing, long russet potato cultivar, was released in 1999 by the USDA-ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen products. Its attractive russeted skin and excellent culinary qualities also make it suitable for fresh market. Bannock Russet, in comparisons with Russet Burbank, has consistently produced greater U.S. No. 1 yields in trials conducted throughout southern Idaho. In other western trial sites, total yields of Bannock Russet have been comparable to or smaller than that of Russet Burbank, but its percentage of undersize and cull potatoes is consistently less. Bannock Russet is resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), Verticillium wilt, common scab, and leafroll net necrosis. It also has moderate resistance to early blight (foliar and tuber) andErwinia soft rot. With respect to other potato diseases/disorders, Bannock Russet’s level of susceptibility is similar to that of Russet Burbank; the exception being shatter bruise, with Bannock Russet displaying a greater susceptibility. Cultural management guidelines have been developed to minimize shatter bruise in Bannock Russet. Bannock Russet’s multiple disease resistances coupled with its low nitrogen requirement, make it a low-input cultivar that could significantly reduce growers’ production costs.ResumenBannock Russet, un cultivar de papa de maduración tardía, alargado y rojizo, fue liberado en 1999 por USDA-ARS y las estaciones experimentales de Idaho, Oregón y Washington. Es adecuado para el procesamiento de papas fritas a la francesa y otros productos congelados. Su atractiva piel rojiza y sus excelentes cualidades culinarias lo hacen igualmente adecuado para el mercado fresco. En los ensayos realizados en todo el sur de Idaho, en comparación con Russet Burbank, la variedad Bannock Russet sistemáticamente ha obtenido el primer lugar en rendimiento de los Estados Unidos. En otros campos de prueba del oeste, los rendimientos totales de Bannock Russet han sido equivalentes o más bajos que los de Russet Burbank, pero el porcentaje de papas con tamaño insuficiente y de desecho es notablemente menor. Bannock Russet es resistente al virus Y de la papa (PVY), a la verticilosis, sarna común y a la necrosis reticulada de enrollamiento de la papa. También posee resistencia moderada al tizón temprano (foliar y tubérculo) y a la pudrición blanda por Erwinia. Respecto a otras enfermedades o transtornos de la papa, el nivel de susceptibilidad es similar al de Russet Burbank, con excepción de que Bannock Russet es más proclive a que se produzcan magulladuras con rotura de la piel del tubérculo. Las pautas de manejo cultural han sido desarrolladas para reducir al mínimo dichas magulladuras en Bannock Russet. La múltiple resistencia a enfermedades de este cultivar se aúna a su bajo requerimiento de nitrógeno, que convierte a Bannock Russet en un cultivar de baja inversión que puede reducir significativamente los costos de productión de los agricultores.

Yukon Nugget: a Mid-Season Yellow Skin, Yellow Flesh Specialty Potato with Extreme Resistance to Potato Virus X

Yukon Nugget is a mid-season specialty potato with yellow flesh, yellow skin and distinct red eyes. Yukon Nugget was developed to provide the potato industry with an alternative to Yukon Gold. The overall tuber size profile of Yukon Nugget is smaller and more uniform than Yukon Gold and it typically produces an average of four more tubers per plant than Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget tubers are ideal for boiling, baking, and microwaving, and have culinary and nutritional qualities generally similar to Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget has extreme resistance to Potato Virus X due to presence of PVX resistance allele Rx1. It also has moderate resistance to powdery scab and tuber late blight. Yukon Nugget has less vascular and stem end discoloration and less hollow heart than Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget is similar to Yukon Gold in terms of susceptibility to several major potato diseases, such as PVY, PLRV, and foliage late blight. It was released in 2013 by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho and Washington and the USDA-ARS, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development Program.ResumenYukon Nugget es una papa de especialidad de ciclo intermedio, con pulpa amarilla y ojos rojos evidentes. Esta variedad se desarrolló para suministrar a la industria de la papa una alternativa a Yukon Gold. El perfil general del tamaño del tubérculo de Yukon Nugget es más pequeño y uniforme que Yukon Gold, y típicamente produce un promedio de cuatro tubérculos más por planta que Yukon Gold. Los tubérculos de Yukon Nugget son ideales para hervir, cocinar, para el horno de microondas, y tiene cualidades culinarias y nutricionales generalmente similares a las de Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget tiene resistencia extrema al Virus X de la papa debido a la presencia del alelo Rx1 de resistencia al PVX. También tiene resistencia moderada a la roña polvorienta y al tizón tardío en el tubérculo. Yukon Nugget tiene menos decoloración vascular y en el extremo del tallo, y menos corazón hueco que Yukon Gold. Yukon Nugget es similar a Yukon Gold en términos de susceptibilidad a varias enfermedades importantes de la papa, tales como el PVY, PLRV y al tizón tardío del follaje. Se liberó en el 2013 por las Estaciones Agrícolas Experimentales de Oregon, Idaho y Washington y el USDA-ARS, y es un producto del Programa de desarrollo de Variedades Triestatal del Pacifico Nor-Occidental.

Field Evidence Supporting Conventional Onion Curing Practices as a Strategy To Mitigate Escherichia coli Contamination from Irrigation Water

The Produce Safety Rule of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act includes restrictions on the use of agricultural water of poor microbiological quality. Mitigation options for poor water quality include the application of an irrigation-to-harvest interval of <4 days; however, dry bulb onion production includes an extended irrigation-to-harvest interval (<30 days). This study evaluated conventional curing practices for mitigating Escherichia coli contamination in a field setting. Well water inoculated with rifampin-resistant E. coli (1, 2, or 3 log CFU/mL) was applied to onion fields (randomized block design; n = 5) via drip tape on the final day of irrigation. Onions remained undisturbed for 7 days and were then lifted to the surface to cure for an additional 21 days before harvest. Water, onions, and soil were tested for presence of rifampin-resistant E. coli. One day after irrigation, 13.3% of onions (20 of 150) receiving the poorest quality water (3 log CFU/mL) tested positive for E. coli; this prevalence was reduced to 4% (6 of 150 onions) after 7 days. Regardless of inoculum level, E. coli was not detected on any onions beyond 15 days postirrigation. These results support conventional dry bulb onion curing practices as an effective strategy to mitigate microbiological concerns associated with poor quality irrigation water.

DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING INFILTRATION MODEL PARAMETERS

Oregon State University in collaboration with the ASCE/EWRI task committee on Soil and Crop Hydraulic Properties for surface irrigation has begun conducting a comprehensive evaluation of various algorithms proposed for the determination of infiltration parameters from surface irrigation measurements. The procedures under development will include the following ele ments: (i) Establish specifications and guidelines for assembling and formatting data sets used by the various infiltration parameter estimation models to be tested. These input specifications will include different types of field data commonly collected, the units to be used, formatting of field data to be consistent with the units used, and any constants and other prior assumptions to be employed. (ii) Formulate procedures for assessing input data quality and for determining whether the functional forms of inf iltration models that are assumed either explicitly or implicitly in the various algorithms of interest are in fact consistent with input data patterns. (iii) Establish criteria for characterizing the performance of algorithms as analytical tools when used speci fically for decision making in surface irrigation. (iv) Conduct prototype evaluations of two algorithms for determining infiltration parameters; specifically, the one -point and two-point methods.