Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura

Global Health Competencies for Nurses in the Americas

This article reports the findings from an online survey of nursing faculty from the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Caribbean countries to identify their perceptions about global health competencies for undergraduate nursing students. A list of global health competencies for medical students developed by the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada Resource Group on Global Health and the Global Health Education Consortium was adapted for nurses and translated from English to Spanish and Portuguese. The competencies were divided into six subscales, and respondents rated each competency on a 4-point Likert scale, with high scores reflecting strong agreement that the competency was essential for undergraduate nursing students. E-mail invitations and links to the online survey were distributed using a nonprobability convenience sampling strategy. This article reports findings only from the respondents to the English and Spanish surveys. The final sample included 542 responses to the English survey and 51 responses to the Spanish survey. Cronbachs alpha reliability coefficients for the subscales ranged from .78 to .96. The mean values for all 6 subscales and for each of the 30 items were greater than 3.0 for the respondents to the Spanish survey, and the mean values for 27 of the items were greater than 3.0 for the respondents to the English survey. These findings suggest that respondents perceived the competencies as essential global health competencies for undergraduate nursing students in the Americas. Narrative comments written by respondents indicate additional competencies and specific concerns about adding additional content to an already full curricula. Results of this study can be used to guide faculty deliberations about global health competencies that should be incorporated in the nursing curricula.

Investment in nursing human assets: education and minds of the future

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar questoes sobre educacao, crise e mudanca a luz de tendencias da nova ordem pos-moderna e dos esforcos a serem empreendidos em prol do capital humano, fonte de toda energia para a concretizacao de mudancas. Tendo como foco as universidades e as organizacoes, discutem-se os cinco tipos de mentes priorizados e valorizados nas sociedades contemporâneas e do futuro, propondo-se o investimento em ativos humanos, com utilizacao de estrategias e tecnologias que favorecam a garantia de educacao continua ao longo da vida.This paper analyzes issues related to education, crises and changes in light of the postmodern order, emphasizing efforts towards human capital as the impetus to promote changes. Focusing on universities and organizations, we discuss the main five types of minds valued by modern and future societies, proposing investment in human assets through the use of strategies and technologies to ensure continuing education throughout life.

Aliança da enfermagem com o usuário na defesa do SUS

This reflexive study aimed at presenting, based on the human rights framework, relevant elements for nursing care in the defense of the users of the Brazilian Single Health System (SUS). The assurance of health as a fundamental right and a governments responsibility was an achievement of the population through SUS, founded on the principles of universal, integral and equitable care, expanding the conception of health beyond the idea of the lack of disease, understood as quality of life. Nurses have a potential to perform a single role in the defense of the right to health and right to life and, by means of different partnerships, to strengthen the exercise of citizenship.Estudio reflexivo con el objetivo de presentar, en la perspectiva de los derechos humanos, elementos relevantes para el cuidado de enfermeria en la defensa de los sujetos en el contexto del Sistema Unico de Salud (SUS) brasileno. La salud como un derecho de todos y un deber del Estado se ha consolidado como una conquista de la poblacion con el SUS, con los principios de universalidad, integralidad y equidad de atencion en salud, ampliando la concepcion de salud para ademas de ausencia de enfermedades y que paso a ser comprendida como calidad de vida. El enfermero tiene grande potencial para desarrollar un rol singular en la defensa del derecho a salud y del derecho a vida y, por medio de alianzas, fortalecer el ejercicio de la ciudadania de las personas.

Illicit drug use in seven Latin American countries: critical perspectives of families and familiars

This cross-sectional multi-centre study explored how family members and friends of illicit drug users perceived protective and risk factors, treatment facilities and policies and laws regarding illicit drug use. Family members and friends of illicit drug users were recruited in 10 urban health care outpatient units in 7 Latin American countries (Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico) to complete a questionnaire. The majority of the respondents chose psycho-social factors over genetic or biological explanations as causes of drug problems. Respondents felt that families and governments were responsible for preventing drug problems. Church/religious institutions were most often mentioned in the context of accessible treatment. When asked about access to treatment facilities, the majority said that there were not enough. Shame about drug use, cost, and limited treatment options were most often cited as barriers to treatment.Este estudo multicentrico corte temporal explorou a perspectiva de familiares e pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas ilicitas sobre fatores de risco e protecao, servicos de tratamento, politicas e leis relacionadas ao uso de drogas ilicitas. Os familiares e pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas ilicitas foram recrutados em dez unidades de saude, localizadas em grandes centros urbanos de sete paises da America Latina (Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Equador, Guatemala, Honduras e Mexico), para responderem um questionario. A maioria dos participantes escolheu fatores psicossociais e nao fatores geneticos ou biologicos para explicar a causa dos problemas do uso de drogas. Responderam que familiares e governantes sao os principais responsaveis pela prevencao dos problemas das drogas. As igrejas e outras instituicoes religiosas foram mencionadas com frequencia dentro do contexto de acesso ao tratamento. A maioria dos entrevistados apontou que o acesso aos servicos que oferecem tratamentos aos usuarios de drogas nao e suficiente. Vergonha sobre o uso de drogas, custo e opcoes insuficientes de tratamento foram citados com mais frequencia como as principais barreiras para o tratamento.

Advocacia em saúde na atenção à criança: revisão da literatura

This narrative literature review aimed to identify the publications about health law, in the ambit of child health care. The databases LILACS and MEDLINE were searched, between 2004 and 2009. Thirteen articles were analyzed, and three themes were identified: Emphasis on knowledge, abilities and attitudes for the development of competencies; Partnerships as an imperative; Health and Law: intersectorial relationship. The studies about the practice of health law are relevant to our reality, especially in primary health care, pointing out for the possibilities of its applicability in the role of the nurses acting in the family health strategy, with families and children.Revisao narrativa da literatura, a partir das bases de dados LILACS e MEDLINE, entre 2004 e 2009, com a qual se objetivou identificar as publicacoes relativas a tematica da advocacia em saude no âmbito da atencao a saude da crianca. Foram analisados treze artigos e identificados tres temas: Enfase em conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes para desenvolvimento de competencias; Parcerias como um imperativo; Saude e Direito: relacao intersetorial. Os estudos sobre o exercicio da advocacia em saude sao relevantes para nossa realidade, especialmente na atencao primaria a saude, chamando a atencao para as possibilidades de sua aplicabilidade no papel do enfermeiro atuante na estrategia saude da familia, junto a familias e criancas.

Dimensões organizacionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para dependentes químicos

OBJETIVO: Comprender la vision de profesionales sobre las dimensiones estructurales y contextuales de un Centro de Atencion Psicosocial para dependientes de sustancias psicoactivas del Estado de Sao Paulo. METODOS: Estudio cualitativo en el que se uso la entrevista semiestructurada con nueve profesionales y dos gestores para obtener los datos que fueron analizados por medio del analisis tematico. RESULTADOS: La estructura interna del servicio fue influenciada por el ambiente externo y se fundamenta en cuidado individualizado. Como alternativa de enfrentamiento de los desafios, se resalta el trabajo en equipo y sobrecarga como problema resultante de la dinamica de trabajo. CONCLUSION: Hay necesidad de la contratacion de profesionales para mejorar el funcionamiento interno, asegurar la calidad en la atencion e integrar la organizacion con los actores externos.OBJECTIVE: To understand the vision of professionals about the structural and contextual dimensions of a Psychosocial Care Center for those dependent on psychoactive substances in the state of Sao Paulo. METHODS: This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with nine professionals and two managers to obtain the data that were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The internal structure of the service was influenced by the external environment and is based on individualized care. As an alternative to facing the challenges, it emphasized teamwork and overload as a problem resulting from the dynamics of work. CONCLUSION: There is a need to contract professionals to improve internal operations, ensure quality service and integrate the organization with external actors.

Conocimientos de estudiantes de enfermería sobre alcohol y drogas

Los objetivos de la presente investigacion fueron verificar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermeria sobre el uso de alcohol y otras drogas, en especial lo relacionado a drogadiccion, tolerancia, abstinencia e intoxicacion; conocer las razones que los estudiantes atribuyen a la drogadiccion y al inicio del uso de alcohol y otras drogas; y, el interes personal hacia el problema del consumo de drogas. Se utilizo un diseno exploratorio y descriptivo; la muestra estuvo compuesta por 44 estudiantes; se uso un cuestionario semiestructurado, construido por los investigadores con base en los objetivos propuestos, conteniendo preguntas abiertas y preguntas cerradas, totalizando 24 preguntas. Fueron seguidos los procedimientos eticos y los datos fueron sometidos a un analisis estadistico descriptivo. Se evidencio que el conocimiento de los estudiantes es todavia limitado, la comprension, sobre las razones de los pacientes el uso y la dependencia, se mostraron incompletas, tambien se constato que el interes por la tematica esta presente.The aim of this study was to verify the knowledge of nursing students regarding the use of alcohol and other drugs, particularly addiction, tolerance, withdrawal and intoxication, the reasons students give for drug addiction and commencement, and personal interest in the issue of drug use. A descriptive-exploratory design was used, with a sample of 44 students, by applying a semi-structured questionnaire, constructed by the researchers based on the objectives, with open and closed questions, totaling 24 points. Ethical procedures were followed and data were submitted to exploratory descriptive analysis. It was shown that students knowledge is still limited, comprehension about a patients reasons for using and becoming addicted is incomplete and the interest is current.

Políticas e leis sobre drogas ilícitas no Brasil e a perspectiva de familiares e pessoas próximas a usuários de drogas: estudo na Cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

A legislacao brasileira sobre drogas evoluiu de um sistema proibicionista para um sistema menos repressor no que diz respeito aos usuarios de drogas. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a percepcao dos familiares e pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas da cidade de Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brasil, sobre as leis e politicas relacionadas as drogas no pais. Os dados foram coletados atraves de questionario estruturado e a amostra foi constituida por 100 familiares ou pessoas proximas a usuarios de drogas, recrutados em um servico publico de saude. Quanto a relacao dos respondentes com o usuario de drogas, 31% eram amigos, 23% irmaos, 15% filhos e 7% conjuges. Setenta e oito por cento dos usuarios eram homens, com idade media de 26 anos. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa confirmam a influencia direta das leis e politicas nacionais nas atitudes e comportamentos dos individuos. Indicam a falta de confianca na policia e retratam a percepcao de que, apesar das mudancas recentes, em beneficio da reabilitacao dos usuarios, as leis sobre drogas nao respeitam os seus direitos humanos.

Marketing profissional e visibilidade social na enfermagem: uma estratégia de valorização de recursos humanos

No cenario internacional percebe-se um movimento de valorizacao da enfermagem entre as profissoes de saude, utilizando, para tal, ferramentas de marketing profissional. Por meio de revisao integrativa da literatura discutimos o marketing como ferramenta para o incremento da visibilidade da enfermagem. Utilizamos as bases LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science e SciELO. Foram selecionadas publicacoes que relacionavam o marketing a enfermagem, no periodo de 2000 a 2010. Encontramos 91 artigos e, apos leitura exaustiva dos titulos e resumos, foram selecionadas oito publicacoes que abordaram, em sua maioria, o uso dos meios de comunicacao em massa como estrategia de marketing da profissao para promocao de saude e imagem profissional veiculada em meios como a internet e a televisao. O tema e pouco explorado na pesquisa em enfermagem, mas ha perspectivas de avancos, pelo interesse que desperta e pelo reconhecimento crescente de sua importância.There is a movement within the international scenario to value nursing among other health professions using professional marketing tools. Through an integrative literature review using the LILACS, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SciELO databases, we discuss marketing as a tool for increasing Nursing visibility. As a result, publications relating marketing to Nursing published in the period from 2000 to 2010 were selected. After reading the titles and abstracts of the 91 articles resulted from the database searches, eight articles which outlined in its majority the use of means of mass communication as a professional marketing strategy for health promotion and a professional image linked to media such as the internet and television were selected. The theme is not well explored in nursing research, but there are perspectives for improvement, due to the increasing interest and recognition of its importance. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Marketing. Health. Human resources.

Investimento em ativos humanos da enfermagem: educação e mentes do futuro

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar questoes sobre educacao, crise e mudanca a luz de tendencias da nova ordem pos-moderna e dos esforcos a serem empreendidos em prol do capital humano, fonte de toda energia para a concretizacao de mudancas. Tendo como foco as universidades e as organizacoes, discutem-se os cinco tipos de mentes priorizados e valorizados nas sociedades contemporâneas e do futuro, propondo-se o investimento em ativos humanos, com utilizacao de estrategias e tecnologias que favorecam a garantia de educacao continua ao longo da vida.This paper analyzes issues related to education, crises and changes in light of the postmodern order, emphasizing efforts towards human capital as the impetus to promote changes. Focusing on universities and organizations, we discuss the main five types of minds valued by modern and future societies, proposing investment in human assets through the use of strategies and technologies to ensure continuing education throughout life.