Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques

Composição centesimal da carne de cordeiros submetidos a dietas com diferentes teores de concentrado

Centesimal composition of meat from lambs submitted to three diets with different concentrate levels was studied. Eighteen Morada Nova male lambs were used, with 15kg initial live weight. The diets were: D1 - 60% concentrate (C) and 40% roughage (R); D2 - 45% C and 55% R and D3 - 30% C and 70% R. When animals that received the D1 reached 25kg live weight, the respective lot, formed by three animals, was slaughtered. The carcasses were refrigerated at 4oC for 24 hours. From the left half carcass were obtained five cuts: neck, shoulder, ribs, loin and leg. The legs were dissected and the Semimembranosus muscle was obtained in order to determinate the centesimal composition. The concentrate levels in the diet did not affect water, ash and fat content of the lamb meat, but they affected (P<0.05) meat protein content. Meat from lambs fed with 30% and 60% concentrate in the diet had similar protein content.

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Morada Nova alimentados com diferentes níveis do fruto-refugo de melão em substituição ao milho moído na dieta

This experiment evaluated carcass traits and yields of comercial cuts and tissue evaluation of 20 Morada Nova lambs fed diets with fruit-refuse of melon replacing 0, 30, 60 or 100% of ground corn. The animals with 15 kg of initial body weight and at 6 six months of age were kept confined in individual pens and slaughtered with 26 kg of weight. It was used a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments (levels of ground corn replaced by melon fruit-refuse) and five replicates. It was not observed any significant differences for empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, yields of hot and cold carcass, and biological yield. Neither it was noted significant effect of inclusion of melon fruit-refuse in the diets on yields of commercial cuts (neck, rib, palette, loin and leg) and concentrations of muscle, bone and fat. Substitution of ground corn by melon fruit-refuse in diets does not harm quantitative traits of carcass of Morada Nova lambs and it is a good alternative for finishing meat sheep feeding.

Effect of multiple stress factors (thermal, nutritional and pregnancy type) on adaptive capability of native ewes under semi-arid environment

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multiple stress factors (thermal, nutritional and pregnancy type) on two different native track breeds of ewes as reflected by their adaptive capability under semi-arid environment. The multiple stressor experiment was conducted in twenty-four ewes (12 Santa Inês and 12 Morada Nova ewes). Both heat stress and pregnancy stress was common to all four groups. However, the animals were divided into further two groups within each breed on the basis of nutrition regimen. According the groupings were: Group 1 (Six Santa Ines ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 0.5% of BW; single pregnancy); Group 2 (Six Santa Ines ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 1.5% BW; twin pregnancy); groups Group 3 (Six Morada Nova ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 0.5% of BW; single pregnancy); Group 4 (Six Morada Nova ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 1.5% BW; twin pregnancy). All the animals in the experiment were pregnant. Heat stress was induced by exposing all animals to summer heat stress in outside environment while the nutritional regimen followed was at 0.5% and 1.5% level of body weight (BW) respectively in each breed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two breeds, two nutritional treatments and two pregnancy types, 10 repetitions for physiological parameters and six for blood parameters, with repeated measures over time. Physiological parameters (respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature) were measured with the animals at rest in the morning and afternoon, 0600-0700 and 1300-1400h, respectively, every seven days. Blood samples were collected every 14d for determination of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine. We found interaction effect between breed and pregnancy type on respiratory rate and rectal temperature with greater values in Santa Inês ewes than Morada Nova ewes. However, there was no significant fixed effect of pregnancy type and supplementation level on physiological responses of breeds. Environmental factor (period of the day) had influenced the physiological responses of ewes during all gestational period. Santa Inês ewes had greater serum glucose concentration at 105d and 120d of gestation compared to the Morada Nova ewes. Morada Nova ewes had greater concentrations of triglycerides, urea at 120d, 150d and also greater cholesterol at 105d, 135d and 150d of gestation compared with Santa Inês ewes. The present result indicates that thermal condition was most important factor that modified the physiological responses of ewes in a semi-arid tropical environment.

Intake, digestibility, milk yield and indicators of the metabolic status of native ewes fed supplemented diet under grazing system

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, milk yield and indicators of the metabolic status of native lactating ewes supplemented under grazing system. In the present study 28 lactating ewes were selected: 14 Morada Nova (MN) and 14 Santa Inês (SI), distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement of two breeds, two supplementation levels and two experimental periods. Blood samples were collected from lambing to 70 days of lactation, with 14 days interval. Laboratory analyses consisted in determining serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine. Concentrate intake (g/day) during the lactation differed (P<0.05) between breeds. Total dry matter intake of ewes was affected (P<0.05) by breed and treatment. Morada Nova ewes presented lower intake than SI due to their smaller size. Serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine differed between breeds (P<0.05) with greater levels in SI ewes compared with MN. Concentrate supplementation did not affect (P>0.05) the serum levels of these metabolites. Indicators of the metabolic status were not affected by concentrate supplementation, which was effective for the maintenance of normal serum concentrations. However, these values differ between breeds within the permissible standards, indicating a high adaptation to postpartum.

Composição corporal e exigências nutricionais de macrominerais para cordeiros morada nova

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido para se determinar a composicao corporal e as exigencias nutricionais de calcio (Ca), fosforo (P), magnesio (Mg), sodio (Na) e potassio de ovinos da raca Morada Nova. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros com peso vivo (PV) medio inicial de 15 kg e 70 dias de idade. Seis cordeiros foram abatidos aos 15 kg, para determinacao da composicao corporal inicial (animais-referencia) pela metodologia do abate comparativo; seis foram abatidos aos 20 kg (abate intermediario) e os demais distribuidos em seis grupos de tres animais (um para cada dieta), de acordo com as relacoes volumoso(V):concentrado(C): 1) 40V:60C; 2) 55V:45C; e 3) 70V:30C. Os animais, em cada grupo, foram abatidos quando o cordeiro que recebia a dieta com maior teor de concentrado atingiu 25 kg de PV. A composicao corporal variou de 14,33 a 12,42 g de Ca; 8,12 a 7,15 g de P; 0,47 a 0,46 g de Mg; 1,60 a 1,40 g de Na e de 2,30 a 2,23 g de K por kg de peso de corpo vazio. As exigencias liquidas de ganho variaram de 13,54 a 11,74 mg de Ca; 7,96 a 7,02 mg de P; 0,57 a 0,55 mg de Mg; 1,54 a 1,35 mg de Na e de 2,75 a 2,68 mg de K por g de ganho de PV. As exigencias dieteticas diarias de macrominerais para cordeiros dos 15 aos 25 kg de PV, ganhando 100 g/dia, variaram de 2,76 a 3,12 g de Ca; 1,91 a 2,95 de g de P; 0,60 a 0,77 g de Mg; 0,60 a 0,86 g de Na e de 1,51 a 2,63 g de K.

Concentrate supplementation during pregnancy and lactation of ewes affects the growth rate of lambs from a variety of crosses

The objective of this study was to determine how concentrate supplementation during late third gestation and lactation affects ewe and offspring performance from birth to weaning. Thirty-six ewes and their offspring (n = 32) were used. Eighteen Morada Nova and 18 Santa Ines ewes were artificially inseminated with semen from Dorper ram and distributed in a completely randomized factorial arrangement (2 × 2) consisting of two supplementation levels (5 and 15 g kg-1 of BW) and two breeds (Morada Nova and Santa Ines) or two crosses (Dorper × Morada Nova and Dorper × Santa Ines). The ewes were weighed, their body condition was evaluated during pregnancy, and the weaning weight of the lambs at up to 70 days old was measured. There was no effect of breed or supplementation on the prolificacy or type of birth. The Santa Ines ewes had a faster rate of development, although the weight loss during lactation was lower in the Morada Nova ewes. The weight development of the Dorper × Santa Ines lambs during the maternal-dependent phase was 34 g/100 g higher than that of the other cross, with no difference in the maternal-independent phase. Dorper × Santa Ines lambs gain more weight during the 70 days of development. However, the Dorper × Morada Nova lambs show a better response in terms of production efficiency when comparing the weight of the lambs with the weight of the sheep.

Composição centesimal e análise sensorial da carne de ovinos Morada Nova alimentados com dietas contendo melão em substituição ao milho

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the influence of the addition of melon fruit replacing ground corn in diets on the centesimal composition and sensory analysis of meat from Morada Nova lambs. Twenty Morada Nova males with average weight of 15 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four increasing levels (0, 30, 60 and 100%) of melon in substitution of ground corn, each one with five replications. To determine the chemical composition of meat, the semimembranosus muscle was used. With the muscle longissimus dorsi sensory analysis, the attributes of taste, odor, juiciness, softness and overall appearance were conducted by quantifying, by means of scoring. Data analysis showed no significant differences in proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash). At the sensory analysis, juiciness showed quadratic response with a maximum peak of 5.18 and the other organoleptic qualities (flavor, tenderness and overall appearance) were not affected by the inclusion of melon replacing corn in diets. The use of melon in diets for Morada Nova sheep diets does not affect the main organoleptic qualities of meat.

Avaliação do feno de Egeria densa na alimentação de carneiros

Sixteen Santa Ines sheep were randomly allotted to four treatments (T0 = 81% tifton hay (TH) and 19% concentrate (soybean meal and corn); T27 = 27% egeria hay (EH), 54% TH and 19% concentrate; T81 = 81% EH and 19% concentrate) to evaluate the effect of Egeria hay inclusion in the diet on voluntary intake, weight gain and feed efficiency. Voluntary intake reduced and body weight gain was not affected by EH inclusion. During the experimental period, weight gain was similar for the animals fed diet without or with 27% EH. EH inclusion (at levels of 54 and 81%) affected quadractricaly body weight gain. Despite of the high minerals concentration, EH could be used as forage in small quantity or for short period.

Métodos para estimar a massa de forragem em pastagens em clima tropical

There are various methods to estimate the mass production of forage in pastures, but many are not accurate or unsuitable when used with certain species of fodder plants. Therefore, knowing the uses and limitations of the measurement techniques is important. This review aims to report the primary methods of estimating forage mass in pastures in tropical climates. Tropical grasses have the distinctive characteristic of temperate stem elongation, which influences growth and forage quality and may interfere in some techniques used to estimate the forage production. Measurement techniques of forage mass production that consider this variable are important for research and for the farmers in these regions. Among the various direct and indirect methods, the mass of forage grass species is the factor that determines the most appropriate measurement method. Currently, there is no single method that can be used in all situations; thus, knowing the type of biomass that will be evaluated and the best technique for that purpose is critical.

Shortage of Biodiversity in Grassland

Raising animals on pasture with native forage species is cheaper than the cost of confinement and the use of exotic species. The introduction of exotic plants in pastures may increase production costs for farmers when introducing forage species that are not adapted to the system, in addition to causing environmental damage due to the reduction of biodiversity and the failure to consider the soil and climate of the region.