Guilherme Ferreira da Costa Lima

Rendimento e composição químico-bromatológica de fenos triturados de gramíneas tropicais

The research was carried out to evaluate yield, chemical composition and losses of chopped tropical grass hays with the following forages: pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense), elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum) and two cultivars of forage sorghum (SF-25 and IPA-467-4-2) (Sorghum bicolor). The materials were harvested at 30% flowering, except for elephantgrass (60 days). The experiment was conducted according to a complete randomized block design, with five treatments and four replications. There were significant differences among hay productions with sorghum cultivars IPA-467-4-2 and SF-25 reaching the highest yields (10.85 and 10.65 t/ha/cut). Production of elephantgrass, sudangrass and pearl millet hays were respectively of 6.94, 6.69, and 4.93 t/ha/cut. Percentage of hay losses were not different among all treatments and varied from 17.33 to 20.17%. Pearl millet and sudangrass hays had the highest CP concentrations (10.56 and 8.80%), which were superior to elephantgrass (6.76%) and sorghum cultivars (5.62 and 5.50%). Most of the NDF values were superior to 70.0%. Sorghum cultivars exhibited the lowest NDIN concentration (0.42 and 0.40% of DM). The ADIN concentration ranged from 0.06 to 0.30% of DM. The highest lignin (%DM) concentration was observed for pearl millet (6.52%) and sorghum IPA-467-4-2 (6.17%) hays. Estimated TDN of the hays showed significant differences and sudangrass reached the highest value (53.35%). Production of chopped tropical grass hays showed high yields and chemical composition according to the minimum standards for ruminant nutrition.

Xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Bly. ex Rowl.) em substituição à silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) na alimentação de vacas leiteiras

Five lactating Brown-Swiss cows averaging 520 kg of body weight (BW) and 15 kg of milk yield were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square to study the effects of replacing sorghum silage (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with a columnar cactus known as xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Byl ex Rowl.) on animal performance and apparent digestibility of nutrients. The experimental diets contained (DM basis): 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5, or 50% of xiquexique. Each experimental period lasted 17 days (10 days for diet adaptation and 7 days for sample collection). Intake of dry matter (DM) expressed as amount (kg/d), as percentage of BW, or as metabolic weight (g/kg0.75) were 15.21 kg/d, 2.83% of BW, and 136.10 g/kg0.75 and did not change by replacing sorghum silage with xiquexique in the diet. Similarly, intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and total carbohydrates (TCH) did not differ and averaged 13.64, 1,64, and 11,48 kg/d across diets, respectively. However, intake (kg/d) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) all decreased linearly (P < 0.01) while the opposite was observed for non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) by replacing sorghum silage with xiquexique in the diet. No significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM (DMAD), organic matter (OMAD), crude protein (CPAD), ether extract (EEAD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFAD), and total carbohydrates (TCHAD) were observed by increasing the dietary proportions of xiquexique. Milk yield averaged 14.80 kg/d and also did not differ among treatments in the present trial. Following the same trend, milk composition and feed efficiency (kg of milk yield/kg of DM intake) were unaffected by increasing the levels of xiquexique in the diet.

Características de carcaça de cordeiros Morada Nova alimentados com diferentes níveis do fruto-refugo de melão em substituição ao milho moído na dieta

This experiment evaluated carcass traits and yields of comercial cuts and tissue evaluation of 20 Morada Nova lambs fed diets with fruit-refuse of melon replacing 0, 30, 60 or 100% of ground corn. The animals with 15 kg of initial body weight and at 6 six months of age were kept confined in individual pens and slaughtered with 26 kg of weight. It was used a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments (levels of ground corn replaced by melon fruit-refuse) and five replicates. It was not observed any significant differences for empty body weight, hot and cold carcass weight, yields of hot and cold carcass, and biological yield. Neither it was noted significant effect of inclusion of melon fruit-refuse in the diets on yields of commercial cuts (neck, rib, palette, loin and leg) and concentrations of muscle, bone and fat. Substitution of ground corn by melon fruit-refuse in diets does not harm quantitative traits of carcass of Morada Nova lambs and it is a good alternative for finishing meat sheep feeding.

Efeito de níveis de melão em substituição ao milho moído sobre o desempenho, o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes em ovinos Morada Nova

ABSTRACT - Performance, intake, and nutrients digestibility of 32 Morada Nova confined lambs were evaluated, usingdiets with increasing levels (0, 30, 60, 100%) of melon ( Cucumis melo L.) in substitution of corn grain. Animals were about6 months old, with an average of 15 kg of initial body weight and slaughtered at 25 kg. They were allocated in a completelyrandomized design with four treatments and eight replicates. The dry matter intake (DMI) presented a quadratic behavior forboth sex, varying from 769 to 837 g for males, and from 722 to 646 g for females. Intakes of OM (organic matter), CP (crudeprotein), EE (ether extract), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), TDN (total digestible nutrients), TCH (total carbohydrate) andNFC (non fiber-carbohydrate) showed a quadratic curve, reflecting the same behavior of DMI. There was a decreasing linearresponse for the coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM). The apparent digestibility coefficients of OM, CP,EE, NDF, and TCH presented an increasing linear response with the addition of melon in substitution of ground corn in thediet. Concerning the average daily gain (ADG) there was a better performance for males compared with females, as the levelsof melon increased. Feed efficiency and conversion were not influenced by the treatments. There was an increasing linear effectfor the days of confinement, which varied from 79 to 90. The levels of melon added to the Morada Nova lambs’ diets providedreasonable performances. The treatment with 60% participation of melon shows the best economical return. On the otherhand, when the level of melon is above 30%, the days in confinement increase, elevating the slaughter age.Key Words: agricultural byproducts, daily gain, feedlot, semi-arid, sheep husbandry

Composição centesimal e análise sensorial da carne de ovinos Morada Nova alimentados com dietas contendo melão em substituição ao milho

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the influence of the addition of melon fruit replacing ground corn in diets on the centesimal composition and sensory analysis of meat from Morada Nova lambs. Twenty Morada Nova males with average weight of 15 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four increasing levels (0, 30, 60 and 100%) of melon in substitution of ground corn, each one with five replications. To determine the chemical composition of meat, the semimembranosus muscle was used. With the muscle longissimus dorsi sensory analysis, the attributes of taste, odor, juiciness, softness and overall appearance were conducted by quantifying, by means of scoring. Data analysis showed no significant differences in proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash). At the sensory analysis, juiciness showed quadratic response with a maximum peak of 5.18 and the other organoleptic qualities (flavor, tenderness and overall appearance) were not affected by the inclusion of melon replacing corn in diets. The use of melon in diets for Morada Nova sheep diets does not affect the main organoleptic qualities of meat.

Consumo voluntário e digestibilidade de fenos triturados de gramíneas tropicais em caprinos

The objective of this trial was to investigate intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients on goats fed one of the following chopped grass hays: pearl millet (PMH), sudangrass (SH), elephantgrass (EH) or two cultivars of forage sorghum (FSH1 and FSH2). Twenty-five goats averaging 18 months of age and 19.5 kg of body weight were assigned to a completely randomized block design with five treatments and five replicates. DM intake (DMI), expressed as percentage of body weight (% BW), did not differ and averaged 2.41, 2.33, 2.25, 1.82, and 1.85%, respectively, for PMH, SH, EH, FSH1, and FSH2. The same was observed for the intakes of OM and NDF. However, CP intake as % BW was greater on goats fed PMH and SH than on those fed EH, FSH1, and FSH2. No significant differences were observed for the apparent total tract digestibility of DM that varied from 49.87 to 55.90% across hays. CP digestibility was lowest on FSH2, intermediate on SH and FSH1, and greatest on PMH and EH while that of NDF differed significantly only by comparing PMH (64.44%) with FSH2 (54.72%). It can be concluded that the overall nutritional quality of all five hays were similar and further research is required to verify potential differences in animal performance among these forage sources.

Cactáceas Nativas na Alimentação de Ruminantes

Em determinadas regioes semiaridas do Nordeste brasileiro, onde as palmas forrageiras (Opuntia ficus indica Mill e Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) nao se adaptam ou apresentam baixos rendimentos, as cactaceas nativas se sobressaem em relacao a essas especies introduzidas e sao utilizadas durante periodos de seca prolongados como um dos principais suportes forrageiros dos ruminantes. O uso de 75% da materia seca (MS) do volumoso com xiquexique [Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum.) Bly ex Rowl.] ou mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC.), em substituicao a silagem de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) e 1,7kg/dia de concentrado na engorda de novilhas em confinamento, proporcionou ganho de peso medio de 695g/cab/dia com a participacao do mandacaru e 505g/cab/dia com o xiquexique. A inclusao de ate 50% de xiquexique em substituicao a silagem de sorgo na dieta de vacas leiteiras proporcionou producao de leite com media de 14,80kg de leite/dia. Misturas constituidas de 30% de xiquexique ou mandacaru e 30% de feno de flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.) ou sabia (Mimosa caesalpinifolia Benth.) e 40% de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC) na dieta de ovinos promoveram media de ganho de peso diario de 89g. A utilizacao das mesmas porcentagens destas cactaceas e fenos e o concentrado constituido por 57,5% de algaroba, 37,5% de farelo de soja e 5% mistura mineral, na dieta de cabras leiteiras proporcionou producao de leite media de 1,3kg de leite/dia. No cultivo dessas cactaceas, o plantio por estacas nos espacamentos mais adensados propiciou maiores produtividades, sendo o xiquexique no espacamento de 1,0 x 1,0m com media de 1.120kg de MS por hectare em 6,5 anos, e o mandacaru no espacamento de 2,0 x 1,5m com 13.040kg de MS por hectare em 10 anos. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v15n1p53-62

Morfologia e Rendimento de Biomassa da Palma Miúda Irrigada sob Doses de Adubação Orgânica e Intensidades de Corte

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adubacao orgânica e intensidades de corte sobre as caracteristicas morfologicas e a producao de materia verde e seca da palma Miuda ( Nopalea cochenillifera ) adensada e irrigada. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas, onde as adubacoes orgânicas (20, 40 e 60 Mg ha -1 ) constituiram as parcelas e as intensidades de corte (deixando somente o cladodio mae, todos os cladodios primarios e todos os secundarios) as subparcelas, com seis repeticoes. O solo foi classificado como Cambissolo Haplico Carbonatico Tipico e a agua da irrigacao, C4S1T3 (5,25 dS.m -1 ), em espacamento 2,0 x 0,10 m (50.000 plantas ha -1 ). A lâmina de agua aplicada durante o experimento foi de 2,5 mm a cada sete dias ou 10 mm por mes. O sistema de irrigacao utilizado foi o de gotejamento em fileiras simples. As intensidades de corte e doses de esterco bovino influenciaram a altura de plantas, numero de cladodios por planta, indice de area de cladodio (IAC), area de cladodio (AC), producao de materia verde (PMV) e seca (PMS). O comprimento, largura, perimetro e espessura dos cladodios variaram com as intensidades de corte, enquanto a adubacao orgânica nao influenciou estas caracteristicas. A maior PMS (30,47 Mg ha -1 ano -1 ) foi obtida quando a intensidade de corte foi conservando todos os cladodios secundarios e com aplicacao de 37,5 Mg ha -1 ano -1 de esterco bovino. DOI: 10.15528/2176-4158/rcpa.v16n2p118-130