D.F. Li

Effect of L-carnitine on starter pig performance and fat utilization.

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Effects of dietary lysine level on growing pig performance

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Effect of replacing milk products with a soybean protein isolate milk replacer in diets for nursery pigs

One hundred eighty pigs (21 d of age and averaging 14.5 lb) were used to determine if a milk replacer containing soybean protein isolate can replace dried skim milk and dried whey in a high nutrient density starter diet. Pigs received pelleted feeds that were: 1) corn-soybean meal control; 2) a high nutrient density diet (HNDD) containing 20% dried skim milk and 20% dried whey; 3 and 4) diet 2 with milk rcplacer substituted for 50% and 100% of the milk products; 5) corn-milk replacer; 6) corn-milk products. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), feed conversion (F/G), and fecal scores were determined on d 7, 14, and 35 of the experiment. Apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and dry matter were determined on d 14. On d 7, pigs fed the corn-soybean meal control had the poorest performance. Feed efficiency was better for pigs fed the corn-milk replacer and corn-milk products diets than for pigs fed the HNDDs. At d 14, ADFI was less for pigs fed the corn-milk replacer and corn-milk products diets than for pigs given the HNDDs. Digestibilities of nitrogen and dry matter were greater for all diets vs the control, and there was decreased incidence of diarrhea as the level of milk replacer increased in the diet. At d 35, ADG was greatest for pigs given the HNDDs and ADFI was lower for pigs fed the corn-milk replacer and corn-milk products diets. Our results indicate that milk replacers containing a high quality soybean protein isolate can be substituted for milk products in HNDDs with no reduction in pig performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1989

Litter size for gilts fed higher levels of folic acid and riboflavin during gestation.

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The effects of dietary threonine and porcine somatotropin dosage on nitrogen balance in finishing swine.

Fifteen crossbred barrows were utilized to determine the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration in combination with increasing dietary threonine levels on nitrogen retention and growth performance. Barrows averaging 147.3 lb were allotted in a split-plot arrangement with pST dosage (0, 4, or 8 mg/d) as the whole plot, and dietary threonine level (.45, .55, .65, .75, and .85%) as the subplot. These threonine values ranged from 112 to 212% of the dietary threonine estimate for finishing pigs (NRC 1988). All pigs within each pST dosage treatment received each diet for an 8-d period in a Latin square design. Diets were fed for a 4-d adaptation period followed by a 4-d total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were also weighed and bled at the end of each 8-d period. Increasing threonine level increased average daily gain (ADG), reduced feed intake (ADFI), and improved feed efficiency (F/G). Porcine somatotropin had no effect on ADG; however, pigs injected with 4 or 8 mg/d had numerical increases in ADG as threonine level increased. Feed efficiency improved as pST dosage increased. Daily threonine intake increased as dietary threonine level increased. However efficiency of threonine utilization for gain became poorer for control pigs as threonine intake increased, but pST-treated pigs had little change in efficiency of threonine utilization up to the .75 and .85% threonine levels for 4 and 8 mg/d pST dosages, respectively. There was a threonine x pST interaction for plasma urea concentrations, with control pigs having little change in urea concentrations whereas pigs injected with 4 mg/d pST had a decrease then an increase in urea concentrations and pigs injected with 8 mg/d had continual decrease in urea concentrations. Nitrogen retention (g/d) and percent nitrogen retention increased as dietary threonine level increased. However, pigs injected with either 4 or 8 mg/d pST had greater increases in nitrogen retention than control pigs. Biological value also improved as dietary threonine level increased, but again showed a greater improvement for pST-treated pigs than control pigs. These results indicate improvements in growth performance and nitrogen retention for finishing pigs fed increasing threonine levels. However, the data also indicated that the magnitude of response to added threonine was greater for pST-treated pigs, suggesting a possible threonine requirement of approximately .65% or 18 g/d.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 1990

Using immunological criteria to predict utilization of soybean proteins by the early-weaned pig

Two trials were conducted to determine the suitability of soybean products for baby pigs. For trial 1, 40 weanling pigs were orally infused with .01 lb/pig/d of either dried skim milk (control), soybean meal (48% CP), soy protein concentrate, extruded soy protein concentrate, or soy protein isolate from d 7 to 12 of age, weaned at 21 d of age, and fed a diet containing the corresponding protein source until d 7 postweaning. Sows were fed a corn-corn gluten meal-based diet supplemented with lysine and tryptophan to avoid exposure of pigs to soybean proteins. All pigs were sacrificed at 28 d of age. In Trial 2, 48 pigs were utilized, with preweaning treatments identical to those in Trial 1 except the soy protein isolate was not used as a treatment. They were fed a diet containing the same protein source for 2 wk postweaning, then fed a common diet with 4% soybean oil and 1.25% lysine for 3 wk. Growth performance was measured. Results indicated that pigs fed diets containing soybean meal had lower villus height and rate of gain than pigs on any other treatments. There were no differences in villus height and crypt depth among soy protein concentrate, extruded soy protein concentrate, and soy protein isolate. In the growth trial, pigs fed the diet containing extruded soy protein concentrate had the highest ADG compared to other soybean products tested. Decreased villus height and increased serum anti-soy IgG titers, coinciding with inferior performance and presence of residual antigenic protein in the digestive tract of baby pigs fed soybean meal, indicate that conventionally processed, commercial soybean meal retain antigens that cause immunological changes in early-weaned pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 1989

Effect of various fat sources on starter pig gut morphology and nutrient digestibility

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Effect of roasting on utilization of sunflower oil seeds in nursery pig diets

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Effect of fat combinations on starter pig performance and nutrient digestibility

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1989 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.

Effect of lysine level and supplemental soybean oil fed during lactation on sow and litter performance through two parities

This report is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. Copyright 1989 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service.