Dalva Paulus

Produção e indicadores fisiológicos de alface sob hidroponia com água salina

The use of saline water in the production of vegetables constitutes at the moment an essential activity, facing the rising demand of fresh water, as for the agricultural activity as for the urban and industrial supplying. This study aimed to evaluate production and physiologic indicators of lettuce in hydroponic system with the use of saline waters. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the period from December 2007 to January 2008, in Piracicaba, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme - five salinity levels obtained with the addition of NaCl, which resulted in different water electrical conductivity levels (dS m-1): 0,42, 1,53, 3,52, 5,55, 7,43 - and two cultivars of lettuce - Veronica and Pira Roxa. It was determined the fresh and dry mass of leaves, stem, roots and shoot and the content of nitrate, proline and chlorophyll. The increase of water salinity reduced lineally the fresh and dry mass of leaves, stem, roots and shoot. The cv Veronica produced 36% and 57% more shoot fresh and dry mass, respectively, than Pira Roxa. The cv. Pira Roxa accumulated 25% more nitrate (3008 mg L-1), presented 50% more total chlorophyll (1,46 mg g-1fresh mass) and 71,43% more proline (0,21 µM g fresh mass - 1) than the cv Veronica, showing a mechanism of avoiding salinity stress. Cultivars Pira Roxa and Veronica presented loss of 69% and 64% of commercial productivity, respectively, when the most saline water (7,43 dS m-1) was used. In the other hand dry matter was reduced in 53% and 44%, respectively, for cv. Pira Roxa and Veronica in the most saline water. The results obtained in this study can indicate the possibility of using saline water as an alternative for the production of vegetables, specially for growers that have saline water available but restricted fresh water, even with reduction of productivity.

Substratos na produção hidropônica de mudas de hortelã

The normal growth and the formation of plants with quality for commercialization depends on good seedlings production. The right substrate has to be used. Hydroponic cultivation holds certain advantages: saving substrate, resulting in good establishment of the crop and quality of seedlings production. The experiment was carried out at the University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The effect of substrates (without substrate, phenolic foam substrate and organicmineral substrates) was determined on the production of mint (Mentha x villosa) transplants by cuttings vegetable methods in hydroponics. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments and 20 replications, one plant being used in each repetition. We evaluated: height and number of leaves at 7; 14; 21 and 28 days after the transplant. Fresh and dry matter weight 35 days after transplant were also analyzed. The phenolic foam substrate showed the best results in relation to the production of fresh and dry matter. Phenolic foam and the organicmineral substrates were not significantly different, but were significantly superior to the treatment (direct in solution) without substrate.

Crescimento, consumo hídrico e composição mineral de alface cultivada em hidroponia com águas salinas

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o crescimento, o consumo hidrico e a extracao de nutrientes, por alface (Lactuca sativa L.) em sistema hidroponico NFT (fluxo laminar de nutrientes), com a utilizacao de aguas salinas no preparo da solucao nutritiva e reposicao da lâmina diaria evapotranspirada. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, sendo estudados os efeitos de cinco niveis de salinidade da agua, utilizando-se NaCl. O aumento da salinidade da agua reduziu, de forma linear, o crescimento e o consumo hidrico da alface. A salinidade reduziu a concentracao de macronutrientes na parte aerea, mas nao se observaram sintomas de deficiencia nutricional. O rendimento (massa de materia fresca da parte aerea) foi reduzido entre 6 e 6,5% por dS m-1, no primeiro e segundo cultivo, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos em sistema de cultivo NFT podem indicar a possibilidade do uso da agua salina como alternativa para producao de hortalicas, para produtores que tem disponibilidade restrita de agua doce, porem, com reducao de produtividade.

Teor e composição química do óleo essencial e crescimento vegetativo de Aloysia triphylla em diferentes espaçamentos e épocas de colheita

This study aimed to evaluate biomass production, content and components of the essential oil of Aloysia triphylla in different row spaces and harvest times. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of Universidade Federal Tecnologica do Parana - Campus Dois Vizinhos, from March 2010 to January 2012. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial scheme (3 x 11), subdivided blocks allocated in three planting rows plot (1.0 x 1.0 m, 1.0 x 0.80 m, 1x 0,60 m between rows and between plants, respectively) and on subplots, 11 harvest times (October/2010, November/2010, December/2010, January/2011, February/2011, March/2011, April/2011, May/2011, June/2011, August / 2011, September/2011). The characteristics assessed were: plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry matter, content and chemical composition of essential oil. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation technique, using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed in a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC / MS). The 1 x 1 m spacing resulted in greater height (1.57 m), leaf area (4460.3 cm2), fresh weight (1.266 g per plant), dry weight (594 g per plant) and content of essential oil (0.30%). The harvest performed in February resulted in higher levels of essential oil (0.45%). The chemical constituents of the essential oil vary with spacing and harvesting time. The highest content of citral was observed in plants cultivated at 1.0 x 1.0 m spacing and harvested from September to April.

Crescimento, produção e qualidade de frutos de pimenta ( Capsicum annuum) em diferentes espaçamentos

Planting density and cultivars suitable to climatic conditions of southwestern Parana State are of great importance in crop production and fruit quality of pepper. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, production and fruit quality of pepper cultivars in different spacing and harvest seasons carried out in field in the southwestern Parana. The experiments were carried out in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos, from September 2009 to July 2012. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications in a 2x3 factorial design, comprising two pepper varieties (BRS Mari and Paprika) and three planting densities: 1.50x1.00 m, 1.00x1.25 m, 1.50x1.25 m between rows and between plants, respectively. The number, fresh mass and production of fruits, length, fruit diameter, leaf area index, soluble solids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content in fresh fruits Were analyzed. BRS Mari resulted in greater number of fruits (199.33), production per area (5.87 t/ha), fresh fruit production (768.67 g/plant) and capsaicin (549.92 mg/kg) and dihydrocapsaicin (251.93 mg/kg) content. The spacing of 1.00x1.25 m resulted in higher yield per area (22.88 t/ha), capsaicin (362.25 mg/kg) and dihydrocapsaicin (165.02 mg/kg) content. Density can be a strategy for productivity of pepper cultivars evaluated.

Análise sensorial, teores de nitrato e de nutrientes de alface cultivada em hidroponia sob águas salinas

Sensory analysis, nitrate and nutrient concentration of lettuce grown in hydroponics under saline water This study aimed to evaluate the content of nutrients and nitrate and perform sensory analysis of lettuce in hydroponic system under saline water. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from December, 2007 to January, 2008, in Piracicaba. The experimental design was randomized blocks and factorial scheme (five salinity levels obtained with the addition of NaCl that resulted in different electrical conductivities of the water (dS m

Produção e aceitabilidade de cenoura sob cultivo orgânico no inverno e no verão

For the carrot cultivation it is important to understand the adaptation of cultivars according to the local weather conditions and consumer preference. The objective was to evaluate the performance and acceptance, thereby detecting the consumers preference for different carrot cultivars in organic cropping system. The performance of the cultivars Nantes, Shin Kuroda and Danvers Flaker was evaluated in the winter season and cultivars Shin Kuroda, Kuronan, Brasilia, Esplanada and Carandai for cultivation of summer in Dois Vizinhos, Parana state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications and four treatments for the winter season and five treatments for the summer season. We analyzed the resistance to leaf blight (Alternaria dauci), incidence of green shoulder, total soluble solids, yield and acceptability through sensory analysis of fresh carrots and canned pickles type. On the winter crop, cultivar Nantes resulted in higher yield (29.02 t ha-1) and on the summer crop cultivar Esplanada productivity was higher (32.0 t ha-1) without statistical difference. The cv. Esplanada was more resistant to leaf blight and presented the lowest percentage (5.6%) of green shoulder. For sensory analysis, the cvs presented good acceptability from the participating consumers.

Teores de clorofila nas plantas e produtividade de frutos de morangueiros cultivados sobre mulching

This study aimed to evaluate productive characteristics and levels of photosynthetic pigments in two strawberry cultivars on different types of mulching, in an open cultivation system. The experiment was a 2 x 4 factorial completely randomized block design, with 2 varieties (Camarosa and Camino Real) and 4 ground covers (black low-density polyethylene, silver low-density polyethylene, non-woven and no mulching), with three replications. The cultivars were analyzed for chlorophyll a and b content, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, number of fruits per plant, yield (ton ha-1), weight fruit mass, soluble solids (oBrix), total acidity, pH and soluble solids/total acidity ratio. The Camarosa showed higher yield than cv. Camino Real. The silver low-density polyethylene and non-woven mulching treatment exhibited negative results, and are not recommended for the cultivation of Camarosa and Camino Real strawberries. The black low-density polyethylene mulching was the most recommended for growing such cultivars. Among the types of mulchings evaluated, the black low-density polyethylene achieved the best results and it is recommended for the Camarosa and Camino Real strawberry cultivars.

Biomassa e composição do óleo essencial de manjericão cultivado sob malhas fotoconversoras e colhido em diferentes épocas

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of harvest seasons and shading nets in the growth, production, content and chemical composition of essential oil of basil. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. Four harvest dates (90, 120, 150 and 180 days after transplanting) and three shading nets (aluminet net, red net, black net and full sun), all with 50% irradiance were evaluated. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot 4x4 factorial design with three replications in randomized blocks. Cultivation under aluminized net favored the growth in height and diameter. Basil plants grown under full sun resulted in higher fresh and dry biomass and higher content of essential oil yield in relation to shading nets. The best harvesting period was at 120 days after transplanting and resulted in higher production of essential oil (0.77 g/planta) and citral content (78.26%). The major component of the essential oil was the citral obtained in plants grown under black net (73.25%), aluminized (72.14%) and full sun (71.86%).

Controle da ferrugem e da broca-dos-ramos da figueira com diferentes fungicidas e inseticidas

High temperature and rainfall stimulate the attack of rust (Cerotelium fici(Cast.)) and fig tree borer (Azochis gripusalis(Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)), limiting the commercial production of figs. The objective of this work was to compare the efficiency of alternative fungicides and insecticides with conventional products widely used in agriculture for controlling these pests. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replications in the UniversidadeTecnologica Federal do Parana (Federal Technological University of Parana), DoisVizinhos, Parana State, Brazil. For the rust control, azoxystrobin (10g), bordeaux mixture (1,500 g limestone + 1,500 g copper sulphate) was used in 100 L of water and control (water). For the fig tree borer control, azadirachtin (1,000g mL p.c.), garlic (Allium sativum L.; 100 mL p.c.), ashes (20,000g), nicotine (10,000mL of the preparation), deltamethrin (50mL p.c.), Bacillus thuringiensis Bertiner (100 mL p.c.), rotenone (1,000mL p.c.), coconut soap (1,000g) were used in 100 L of water and water (control). The Bordeaux mixture was the most effective treatment in controlling rust, increasing the productivity and fruit quality. Deltamethrin provided the best controlling for borer branches of the fig tree. Among the evaluated alternative products, garlic was the most effective in controlling such pest.