Eder Junior Mezzalira

Initial development of Physalis seedlings in substrates and containers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens in containers and substrates, as well as the growth of transplanted P. pubescens seedlings into different containers and substrates. It was used for transplanting experiment (E1) plastic bags, disposable plastic glasses and plastic tubes containing four substrates: oxisol; commercial substrate; commercial substrate + fine washed sand; and commercial substrate + oxisol + fine washed sand. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E2) it was used polystyrene and polypropylene trays, both with 200 cells containing two substrates: vermiculite + commercial substrate and vermiculite + oxisol. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E3), it was used polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and plastic tubes containing four substrates: commercial substrate, oxisol, fine washed sand, oxisol + fine washed sand and oxisol + fine washed sand + commercial substrate. The experimental design used in E1, E2 and E3 was randomized blocks in factorial 3x4, 2x2, and 3x5, respectively, containing 4 replicates and 10 plants per plot. The use of commercial substrate Humus Fertil® for P. pubescens seedlings transplanted from seedbed to containers such as plastic glasses or plastic bags provides better seedling growth. For Physalis peruviana, better results are verified in the use of polypropylene tubes containing washed fine sand + commercial substrate Humus Fertil® + oxisol or washed fine sand + oxisol. Better results for formation of P. pubescens seedlings were verified by using expanded polystyrene trays containing oxisol + vermiculite mixture.

Desenvolvimento inicial de espécies de fisális submetidas a ambientes de cultivo

The environment can be a limiting factor for development of Physalis species seedlings. Thus, the aim of this present study was to evaluate the initial development of Physalis species when subjected to cultivation environments. The experimental design was a randomized block design, factorial 3 x 3 (three Physalis species being Physalis peruviana, P. angulata and P. pubescens x three environments, greenhouse - GRE, plastic cover with 150 micron; shading - PLS, with 75% permeability and light - SHD, full sun, in a fully open - FOP), with four repetitions, conducted between February and May/2012, at the Station of Horticulture and Biological Control “Mario Cesar Lopes”, University of Parana State, Brazil. During the experiment, the emergence speed rate of seedlings was monitored in the initial 30 days. At 76 days after the sowing, leaf area, dry biomass of leaves, stems and roots, as well as the number leaves, plant height and stem diameter were evaluated. The SHD environment provides higher percentage of emergence of Physalis species seedlings studied. GRE and SHD environments were similar to the early Physalis development and can be used in the production of these species seedlings. Is not advisable in the initial development of Physalis seedlings.

Controle da ferrugem e da broca-dos-ramos da figueira com diferentes fungicidas e inseticidas

High temperature and rainfall stimulate the attack of rust (Cerotelium fici(Cast.)) and fig tree borer (Azochis gripusalis(Walker, 1859) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)), limiting the commercial production of figs. The objective of this work was to compare the efficiency of alternative fungicides and insecticides with conventional products widely used in agriculture for controlling these pests. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with four replications in the UniversidadeTecnologica Federal do Parana (Federal Technological University of Parana), DoisVizinhos, Parana State, Brazil. For the rust control, azoxystrobin (10g), bordeaux mixture (1,500 g limestone + 1,500 g copper sulphate) was used in 100 L of water and control (water). For the fig tree borer control, azadirachtin (1,000g mL p.c.), garlic (Allium sativum L.; 100 mL p.c.), ashes (20,000g), nicotine (10,000mL of the preparation), deltamethrin (50mL p.c.), Bacillus thuringiensis Bertiner (100 mL p.c.), rotenone (1,000mL p.c.), coconut soap (1,000g) were used in 100 L of water and water (control). The Bordeaux mixture was the most effective treatment in controlling rust, increasing the productivity and fruit quality. Deltamethrin provided the best controlling for borer branches of the fig tree. Among the evaluated alternative products, garlic was the most effective in controlling such pest.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilization in culture of soybean plants in the Oxisol

It is recommended to use phosphorus and potassium fertilization on soybean; however it has been common to verify the absence of effect on crop productivity, especially in no-tillage system. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of superphosphate and potassium chloride in the leaf tissue nutrient content and yield of soybean growing in Oxisol. The experiment was installed in October 2011 in a randomized block design in split-bands with two factors (4x4), with four replications, totaling 64 plots, being Factor 1 with doses of superphosphate (0, 136, 331 and 700 kg ha-1) at sowing and Factor 2 with doses of potassium chloride (0, 160, 320 and 800 kg ha-1) released with cultivar Vmax RR (SYN 7059RR). In the experiment, the variables evaluated were Ca, Mg, K, P, S, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in leaf tissue and grain yield. The fertilization with superphosphate and potassium chloride do not interfere in leaf nutrient content and yield of soybean cultivar Vmax RR (SYN 7059RR) grown on an Oxisol of clayey with levels of P and K classified as high. In these cases, it is advisable to keep only the maintenance fertilization according to the values ​​of P and K exported by grain. Key words: Chemical fertilizer, tillage systems, organic mineral fertilizer, superphosphate, potassium chloride.

Poda e raleio manual de tangerineira (Citrus deliciosa Tenore) cv. Montenegrina no Sudoeste do Paraná

O bom calibre e a coloracao adequada dos frutos citricos para consumo in natura sao importantes fatores de qualidade que elevam o seu consumo e melhoram os precos do produto. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades de raleio manual dos frutos e da poda sobre a producao e qualidade dos frutos da tangerina Montenegrina. O experimento foi realizado em pomar comercial no municipio de Dois Vizinhos, no Sudoeste do Parana. O experimento bifatorial (raleio x poda) constituiu-se dos seguintes tratamentos. 1) sem raleio e sem poda (testemunha); 2) sem raleio, com poda; 3) 33% de raleio, sem poda; 4) 33% de raleio, com poda; 5) 66% de raleio, sem poda; e 6) 66% de raleio, com poda. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos completamente casualizados, com quatro repeticoes, sendo cada unidade experimental constituida por uma planta. Nas condicoes em que o experimento foi realizado, concluiu-se que o raleio nas intensidades de 33 e 66% promove aumento da massa fresca, melhora a cor da epiderme, aumenta o diâmetro e melhora a classificacao comercial dos frutos da tangerina Montenegrina. A poda leve, de abertura e levantamento da base da copa, nao contribui para a melhoria da qualidade dos frutos.