Naiana Dapieve Patias

Bater não educa ninguém!práticas educativas parentais coercitivas e suas repercussões no contexto escolar

The objective of this article is to reflect upon the effects of coercive education practices on the development of the child and the adolescent, seeking to understand their influence on behavior and learning within the school context. Based on the unsystematic analysis of studies on the theme, it was possible to understand that the coercive strategies that made use of physical force to educate are associated to negative results for the human development of the child and the adolescent, such as aggressive behavior and low self-esteem, constituting thereby a risk to their healthy development. Nevertheless, these practices are socially shared and regarded as natural by families, with other forms of educating often being unknown. With the school being regarded as an important space for the interaction of children, it has been called upon to join in this issue. Thus, forms are discussed of giving instruments to the professionals of education to help them identify cases where coercive strategies and physical violence are being used in the education of children, as well as to help them with preventive actions with students and with the community. In order to allow this purpose to be fulfilled, the bodies responsible for the defense of the rights of children, as well as the school psychologist, can act alongside the school, helping it in this process. The psychologist can work with parents to introduce them to forms of education that avoid the perspective of violence, thereby preventing future developmental damage and behavior that will hinder learning. Fostering reflections about this problem will allow the values of non-violence education to flourish among families, contributing to turn children into future healthy adults.

Psicologia Escolar e possibilidades na atuação do psicólogo: algumas reflexões

School psychology, a traditional area of psychology in Brazil, has been criticized due to the manner psychological knowledge is being applied in educational contexts, which entails continued reflection on and rethinking of its role in these contexts. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of the possibilities of School Psychology. First, the historical background of School Psychology is presented, pointing out that this is a field yet in construction in Brazil. Second, aspects that make School Psychology an important and specific area of intervention for psychologists are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the need for psychologists to interact with the different actors present in the educational context, as well as working in an interdisciplinary way in schools and other environments where teaching-learning processes are developed.School psychology, a traditional area of psychology in Brazil, has been criticized due to the manner psychological knowledge is being applied in educational contexts, which entails continued reflection on and rethinking of its role in these contexts. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of the possibilities of School Psychology. First, the historical background of School Psychology is presented, pointing out that this is a field yet in construction in Brazil. Second, aspects that make School Psychology an important and specific area of intervention for psychologists are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the need for psychologists to interact with the different actors present in the educational context, as well as working in an interdisciplinary way in schools and other environments where teaching-learning processes are developed. Key-words: School psychology, history of psychology, psychologist performance. Psicología Escolar y posibilidades en la actuación del psicólogo:

Sexarca, informação e uso de métodos contraceptivos: comparação entre adolescentes

This study aimed to compare the age at first sexual intercourse, information about contraceptive methods, besides its use with the occurrence of adolescent pregnancy in two groups (50 pregnant and 50 nonpregnant). The questionnaire developed for the study investigated these variables. It was found that there is no significant difference between groups in age at first sexual intercourse, use of contraception at first sexual intercourse and type of contraceptive used. However, the groups differ with respect to the use of contraceptives in the subsequent sexual intercourses. The data reveals the multiplicity of factors involved in contraceptive behavior demonstrating the need for absorption of these factors on the part of public politics directed to adolescents.Resumo Este trabalho teve por objetivo comparar a idade da primeira relacao sexual, a informacao sobre metodos contraceptivos, alem de seu uso com a ocorrencia da gestacao na adolescencia em dois grupos (50 gravidas e 50 nao gravidas). Foi utilizado um questionario desenvolvido para o estudo que investigou essas variaveis. Verificou-se que nao ha diferenca significativa nos grupos entre idade da sexarca, uso de contracepcao na sexarca e tipo de contraceptivo utilizado. Contudo, os grupos diferem em relacao ao uso de metodos contraceptivos nas relacoes sexuais subsequentes. Os dados revelam a multiplicidade de fatores envolvidos no comportamento contraceptivo demonstrando a necessidade de absorcao desses fatores por parte das politicas publicas voltadas para o publico adolescentes. Palvras-chave: Gravidez; Adolescencia; Sexarca; Contracepcao. First sexual intercourse, information and contraceptive use: a comparison between adolescents

CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICO-SOCIAL DA ADOLESCÊNCIA: Implicação na Percepção da Gravidez na Adolescência Como um Problema

A adolescencia e vivida como um periodo marcado por conflitos, adaptacoes e mudancas biopsicossociais pelos jovens. Assim, uma gravidez durante este periodo pode assumir diferentes consequencias para a vida dos jovens. O objetivo deste trabalho e compreender como se construiu a nocao da gestacao na adolescencia como um problema de saude publica, e quais sao as diferentes possibilidades de compreensao desse fenomeno, apresentadas pela literatura atual. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento nao sistematico da literatura sobre o assunto, visando identificar, especialmente, artigos que apresentam mais de uma visao sobre esse fenomeno. Sao observadas concepcoes ambivalentes sobre a gravidez na adolescencia, sendo que tanto perdas quanto ganhos sao associados a gestacao durante esse momento do desenvolvimento humano. Mudancas nas esferas economicas, sociais, fisicas e psiquicas da adolescente sao relatadas, significado positivo ou negativo do fenomeno esta diretamente relacionado ao contexto familiar e socio cultural no qual a adolescente esta inserida.

Paternidade Adolescente: Um Estudo sobre Autopercepções do Fenômeno

Ser pai prematuramente, em alguns contextos, pode causar preocupacao e resistencia no meio social. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender alguns aspectos envolvidos no fenomeno da paternidade adolescente, como, por exemplo, as principais mudancas identificadas na vida de pais adolescentes e as concepcoes sobre paternidade dos mesmos. Utilizaram-se como instrumento de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas com tres pais adolescentes de uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio da analise de conteudo categorial tematica. Apesar de a paternidade na adolescencia ser um acontecimento nao esperado, os participantes perceberam ganhos com o advento da gravidez e, consequentemente, da paternidade. A responsabilidade foi apontada como um fator positivo em suas vidas, na medida em que os fez procurar outras formas de viver diante da situacao.

Methodological Aspects of Research on Violence Against Adolescents in Brazilian Public Schools

Violence is considered a public health problem. It can occur in the family environment, perpetrated for family or household members, or in the community, perpetrated by unrelated persons. Several studies indicate that adolescents are the group most exposed to violence in different contexts. This chapter will discuss two studies: “Violence and Prejudice in School,” conducted by the partnership among several institutions, and “Exposure to violence in adolescence: Relations with well-being and mental health.” Both studies were conducted in public schools, involving more than 400 adolescents. The chapter will discuss some topics about researches with adolescents in schools, like strategies of approach with school communities; strategies of data collection, as questionnaires and focal groups; and challenges and limitations in researches with adolescents. The comprehension of the perception of adolescents about violence and the associated factors can increase the knowledge about this phenomenon and promote the development of public policies for this population.

Prevalencia de exposición a violencia directa e indirecta: un estudio con adolescentes de colegios públicos

A adolescencia e considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual ha maior vulnerabilidade para exposicao a violencia tanto Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument “Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community” were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.

Prevalência de Exposição à Violência Direta e Indireta: um Estudo com Adolescentes de Colégios Públicos

A adolescencia e considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual ha maior vulnerabilidade para exposicao a violencia tanto Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument “Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community” were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.

Prevalence of the exposure to direct and indirect violence: A study with adolescents from public schools

A adolescencia e considerada uma etapa do ciclo vital na qual ha maior vulnerabilidade para exposicao a violencia tanto Adolescence is considered as a stage of the vital cycle, in which there is greater vulnerability to be exposed to both direct (being a victim) and indirect violence (being a witness or hearing about violent acts). This study investigated the exposure to direct and indirect violence (dependent variables), in relation to associated independent variables (gender, age range, school failure and family configuration), in 426 adolescents of 12 to 18 years old, from public schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the instrument “Screening of the exposure of children to violence in the community” were used. Descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) indicated that 65% of the participants were exposed to at least one episode of direct violence, while 97% of them were exposed to indirect violence; and that both exposures were more frequent in adolescents from 16 to 18 years old (p<0.001) who had a history of school failure (p<0.02). Emphasis is given to the need for further studies that investigate factors associated to indirect violence and the impact of this type of exposure in development, in addition to prevention and intervention public policies in the area of violence toward children and adolescents.

Exposição de adolescentes à violência em diferentes contextos: relações com a saúde mental

This study aimed to discuss the issue of exposure of adolescents to violence in different contexts and their relationships with mental health. Through a systematic review of the SciELO (Scientifi c Eletronic Library Online), MEDLINE and PsycINFO, from 2009 to 2013, 19 articles were recovered from inclusion and exclusion criteria. Categories defi ned a priori were used from three main areas of analysis: (a) methodological characteristics; (b) type of violence and context of investigation and (c) impact of violence on the mental health of adolescents. The violence in the family and in other developmental contexts produces negative effects on the mental health of adolescents. This study highlights the need for investment in prevention and promotion of mental health in adolescence, as well as interventions in pursuit of preventing exposure to violence through identifi cation of risk and protective factors in the various contexts of adolescent development.