Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato

Consumo de drogas lícitas en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada en Bogotá, Colombia

Se realizo un estudio de corte transversal con el fin de establecer el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas licitas en una muestra de 237 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermeria de una Universidad privada de la ciudad de Bogota, Colombia y relacionarla con las variables independientes del estudio: edad, sexo, estado civil, semestre, numero de hijos, trabajo, convivencia. Se construyo un cuestionario para obtener informacion basica sobre: edad, genero, estado civil, numero de hijos, trabajo y convivencia. Se utilizo el cuestionario de Tolerancia de Fagerstrom que utiliza una escala de puntuacion leve, media y alta, para evaluar la gravedad de la dependencia a la nicotina y el AUDIT version para autoaplicacion con una escala de puntuacion que representa un grado bajo, medio y alto de dependencia del alcohol. Se garantizo la confidencialidad mediante el autodiligenciamiento de encuesta anonima. Se realizo un analisis de frecuencia y porcentaje simples. Como relevante en esta poblacion se encontro que el consumo de tabaco es de 24% y el de alcohol de 82%. El nivel de dependencia encontrado para tabaco fue 5 (8,5%) estudiantes con dependencia leve, 42 (72%) con dependencia media y 12 (20%) con alta dependencia. Al relacionar consumo de tabaco y consumo de alcohol se encontro que el 98% de los estudiantes que fumaban consumian alcohol. Se encontro que es mas alto el porcentaje de estudiantes que nunca beben en el grupo de no fumadores (23%) que en el de fumadores (1.72%).This cross-sectional study aimed to establish the consumption of licit psychoactive substances in a sample of 237 nursing students at a private university in the city of Bogota, Colombia; and relate it with independent study variables: age, sex, marital status, semester, number of children, work and living together. Fagerströms Tolerance questionnaire was used to evaluate the gravity of nicotine dependence and the AUDIT to evaluate alcohol dependence. Confidentiality was guaranteed through the self administered Questionnaire and anonymous survey. Univariate analysis was used. Relevant data in this population was tobacco consumption in about 24 % and alcohol in 82%. The level of tobacco dependence corresponded to 5 (8.5%) students with slight dependence, 42 (72%) with average dependence and 12 (20%) with high dependence. When relating tobacco and alcohol consumption, 98 % of the students who smoke consume alcohol. The percentage of students who never drink was higher in the group of non smokers (23%) than among smokers (1.72%).

Association between depression and work stress in nursing professionals with technical education level

Abstract Objective: to analize the relationship between depression and work stress in nursing professionals with technical education level of a teaching hospital in a city of the state of São Paulo. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 310 nursing technicians and nursing assistants, randomly selected. The outcome analyzed was the report of depression and its relationship with high levels of work stress, measured using the Job Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed. Results: the prevalence of depression in this study was 20%, and it was more expressive in females, aged over 40 years, living without a partner and in smokers. The chance of depression was twice as high among professionals showing high levels of work stress, even after multiple regression adjusting. Conclusion: depressive symptoms were strongly associated with high stress levels among nursing assistants and nursing technicians, evidencing a problem to be considered along with the planning of specific intervention programs for this population, as well as the need for better cases management by the supervisors.Objetivo:analisar a relacao entre depressao e estresse laboral em profissionais de enfermagem de nivel medio, de um hospital escola no interior paulista.Metodo:foi realizado um estudo transversal com 310 tecnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, selecionados aleatoriamente. O desfecho analisado foi o relato de depressao e sua relacao com alto nivel de estresse laboral, mensurado pela Job Stress Scale. Foi realizada estatistica descritiva e regressao logistica.Resultados:a prevalencia de depressao neste estudo foi de 20%, mais expressiva em pessoas do sexo feminino, com idade superior a 40 anos, que vivem sem companheiro e entre fumantes. A chance de depressao foi duas vezes maior entre os profissionais que apresentaram alto nivel de estresse laboral, mesmo apos o controle na regressao multipla.Conclusao:sintomas depressivos estiveram fortemente associados ao alto nivel de estresse entre auxiliares e tecnicos de enfermagem, evidenciando uma problematica a ser considerada junto ao planejamento de programas especificos de intervencao para esta populacao, bem como a necessidade de melhor gerenciamento dos casos por parte dos supervisores.

Uma investigação sobre o vício em adultos com estresse no início da vida: uma metassíntese

Objetivo: revisar y sintetizar la investigación cualitativa referida a la relación entre el estrés durante la infancia y las conductas adictivas en la adultez. Método: metasíntesis que examina los resultados de investigaciones cualitativas basadas en procedimientos orientados a identificar temas o constructos en diferentes estudios en un área específica. Se realizaron búsquedas exhaustivas en múltiples bases de datos electrónicas. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 1.050 artículos. Sus títulos y resúmenes fueron analizados para determinar si debían incluirse en este estudio en base a criterios predeterminados. Se obtuvieron treinta y ocho artículos completos revisados por expertos que fueron evaluados por tres revisores independientes. Entre ellos, doce fueron seleccionados para una revisión detallada y evaluados mediante las herramientas del Programa de Habilidades de Evaluación Crítica (CASP por sus siglas en inglés). Resultados: los resultados revelaron que existe una asociación clara entre el estrés de la infancia y las conductas adictivas en la edad adulta, al igual que entre los traumas infantiles, la violencia y las conductas adictivas. Un aspecto común encontrado en los resultados es que los participantes recurren a las sustancias adictivas como una estrategia para lidiar con experiencias estresantes de su niñez, independientemente de sus efectos secundarios dañinos o de sus resultados sociales perjudiciales. Conclusión: se concluye que la adicción puede ser vista como una forma de lidiar con la adversidad en la niñez y que existe una interrelación entre la adicción, la violencia doméstica y la delincuencia.ABSTRACT Objective: to review and synthesize qualitative research on the links between early-life stress and addiction behaviours in adulthood. Method: metasynthesis to review qualitative research findings based on procedures that outline how to identify themes or constructs across studies in a specific area. Comprehensive searches of multiple electronic databases were performed. The initial search yielded 1050 articles and the titles and abstracts were screened for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. Thirty-eight full text, peer-reviewed articles were retrieved and assessed by three independent reviewers. Twelve articles were eligible for full review and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools. Results: the findings revealed that clear associations exist between early-life stress and addictive behaviours in adulthood, such as between trauma in childhood, violence, and addictive behaviours. A common theme in the findings indicates that participants turn to addictive substances as a way of strategically coping with stressful childhood experiences, regardless of the harmful side effects or detrimental social outcomes. Conclusion: it can be inferred that addiction may be viewed as a way to deal with adversity in childhood and that there is an interrelationship between addiction, domestic violence and crime.Objetivo: revisar e sintetizar pesquisas qualitativas sobre os vinculos entre o estresse no inicio da vida e os comportamentos de dependencia na idade adulta. Metodo: metassintese para revisar resultados de pesquisa qualitativa com base em procedimentos que descrevem como identificar temas ou construtos atraves de estudos em uma area especifica. Foram realizadas pesquisas abrangentes em multiplas bases de dados eletronicas. A pesquisa inicial produziu 1.050 artigos, cujos titulos e resumos foram selecionados para inclusao com base em criterios predeterminados. Trinta e oito textos completos de artigos revisados por pares foram recuperados e avaliados por tres revisores independentes. Doze artigos foram elegiveis para revisao completa e avaliados usando as ferramentas do Programa de Competencias de Avaliacao Critica (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, CASP). Resultados: os achados revelaram que existem associacoes claras entre o estresse no inicio da vida e comportamentos aditivos na idade adulta, como entre trauma na infância, violencia e comportamentos aditivos. Um tema comum nas descobertas indica que os participantes se voltam para substâncias aditivas como uma maneira de lidar estrategicamente com experiencias estressantes da infância, independentemente dos efeitos colaterais deleterios ou resultados sociais prejudiciais. Conclusao: pode-se inferir que o vicio pode ser visto como uma forma de lidar com a adversidade na infância e que existe uma inter-relacao entre vicio, violencia domestica e crime.

Factors associated with problematic drug use among psychiatric outpatients

ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the factors associated with problematic drug use among psychiatric outpatients. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out in two mental health services. Eligible individuals were patients of these mental health services, who used them within the data collection period. Instruments: standardized questionnaire with sociodemographic, social network, social harm, and clinical information; Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using parametric statistics considering a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Study participants were 243 patients, with 53.9% of these presenting problematic drug use. Results: the most important independent predictors of problematic drug use were marital status (OR = 0.491), religious practice (OR = 0.449), satisfaction with financial situation (OR = 0.469), having suffered discrimination (OR = 3.821) and practicing sports activities in previous 12 months (OR = 2.25). Conclusion: the variables found to be predictors were those related to the social context of the patient, there, it is recommended that mental health services valorize psychosocial actions, seeking to know the social support network of patients, their modes of socialization, their financial needs, and their experiences of life and suffering.

Licit drugs consumption among nursing students at a private university in Bogotá, Colombia

Se realizo un estudio de corte transversal con el fin de establecer el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas licitas en una muestra de 237 estudiantes de la carrera de enfermeria de una Universidad privada de la ciudad de Bogota, Colombia y relacionarla con las variables independientes del estudio: edad, sexo, estado civil, semestre, numero de hijos, trabajo, convivencia. Se construyo un cuestionario para obtener informacion basica sobre: edad, genero, estado civil, numero de hijos, trabajo y convivencia. Se utilizo el cuestionario de Tolerancia de Fagerstrom que utiliza una escala de puntuacion leve, media y alta, para evaluar la gravedad de la dependencia a la nicotina y el AUDIT version para autoaplicacion con una escala de puntuacion que representa un grado bajo, medio y alto de dependencia del alcohol. Se garantizo la confidencialidad mediante el autodiligenciamiento de encuesta anonima. Se realizo un analisis de frecuencia y porcentaje simples. Como relevante en esta poblacion se encontro que el consumo de tabaco es de 24% y el de alcohol de 82%. El nivel de dependencia encontrado para tabaco fue 5 (8,5%) estudiantes con dependencia leve, 42 (72%) con dependencia media y 12 (20%) con alta dependencia. Al relacionar consumo de tabaco y consumo de alcohol se encontro que el 98% de los estudiantes que fumaban consumian alcohol. Se encontro que es mas alto el porcentaje de estudiantes que nunca beben en el grupo de no fumadores (23%) que en el de fumadores (1.72%).This cross-sectional study aimed to establish the consumption of licit psychoactive substances in a sample of 237 nursing students at a private university in the city of Bogota, Colombia; and relate it with independent study variables: age, sex, marital status, semester, number of children, work and living together. Fagerströms Tolerance questionnaire was used to evaluate the gravity of nicotine dependence and the AUDIT to evaluate alcohol dependence. Confidentiality was guaranteed through the self administered Questionnaire and anonymous survey. Univariate analysis was used. Relevant data in this population was tobacco consumption in about 24 % and alcohol in 82%. The level of tobacco dependence corresponded to 5 (8.5%) students with slight dependence, 42 (72%) with average dependence and 12 (20%) with high dependence. When relating tobacco and alcohol consumption, 98 % of the students who smoke consume alcohol. The percentage of students who never drink was higher in the group of non smokers (23%) than among smokers (1.72%).

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL STRESSORS AND COPING STRATEGIES IN NURSING TECHNICIANS

Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e exploratoria, com desenho transversal, que investigou os estressores vivenciados por profissionais de enfermagem de nivel tecnico atuantes em hospital geral e identificou as estrategias de enfrentamento mais utilizadas. Amostra composta por 310 participantes. Foram utilizados o questionario sociodemografico e a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento dos Problemas. Para a analise utilizou-se a estatistica descritiva e calculou-se o Alfa de Cronbach. Observou-se que 60% dos profissionais utilizam de estrategias focalizadas no problema; 57,4% atribuiram seu estresse as condicoes de trabalho, 26,8% aos relacionamentos no ambiente laboral, 5,5% a falta de recompensa no trabalho e apenas 0,6% a problemas pessoais. Conclui-se que as estrategias focalizadas nos problemas foram as mais utilizadas indicando uma aproximacao do estressor no intuito de soluciona-lo. Os estressores identificados indicam a necessidade de um planejamento, estimulacao e reconhecimento dos profissionais que atuam na enfermagem.

Emoção expressa de familiares e recaídas psiquiátricas de pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia

OBJECTIVE Assess the relationship between psychiatric relapses of patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the levels of expressed emotion among their relatives and related factors. METHOD Prospective study carried out at a mental health outpatient clinic and two Psychosocial Care Centers, with patients and relatives responding to the Family Questionnaire - Brazilian Portuguese Version, a form containing socio-demographic and clinical variables and a structured script to assess relapses. A logistic regression model was used for the analysis. RESULTS A total of 89 dyads participated in the study. Of the patients investigated, 31% presented relapses and, among the relatives, 68% presented elevated levels of expressed emotion. The relationship between expressed emotion and the relapses was not significant. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that when there were a higher number of hospital admissions in the two years preceding the study, the chance of the patient relapsing in the 24-month period is 1.34. CONCLUSION Expressed emotion was insufficient to predict relapses. Thus, a relapse should be understood as a multifactorial phenomenon. These results provide support for interventions and investigations on the multiple factors involved in the evolution of schizophrenia patients in follow-up at community-based health services.

Mindfulness-based interventions for women victims of interpersonal violence: A systematic review

HighlightsReduction of post‐traumatic stress symptoms was associated with Mindfulness‐based interventions.Mindfulness‐based interventions were effective in reducing symptoms of depression in women victims of violence.Anxiety symptoms also showed a decrease after Mindfulness‐based interventions in studies with women victims of violence.

Predictive Validity of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of the Family Questionnaire for Relapse in Patients With Schizophrenia

Background and Purpose: The Family Questionnaire-Brazilian Portuguese Version (FQ-BPV) has been preliminarily validated in the Brazilian population. This study assessed the predictive validity of the FQ-BPV for relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Ninety-four dyads (patients with schizophrenia and their relatives) were recruited from three mental health clinics. Expressed emotion was assessed using the FQ-BPV. Presence of relapse was assessed at 6-, 9-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups and analyzed through logistic regressions. Results: The critical comments (CC) domain of the FQ-BPV was statistically significant at 18 months. However, the model was not sufficiently robust to classify individuals correctly into relapse or no relapse categories. Conclusion: The FQ-BPV did not predict relapse well and we cannot recommend it for that purpose in Brazil without further studies.

Expressed emotion and family burden in relatives of patients in first-episode psychosis

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that expressed emotion (EE) and family burden (FB) are phenomena that interact, but there is a lack of studies that analyze this association in patients in first‐episode psychosis. AIM: This study evaluated the relationship between EE and FB in relatives of patients in first‐episode psychosis. METHOD: A convenience sample of 71 family members of patients being assisted in an outpatient care unit participated in the study. We used a form with sociodemographic and clinical variables of family members and patients, the Family Questionnaire‐Brazilian Portuguese Version and the Brazilian version of the Burden Interview. The data were obtained via semi‐structured interviews. Statistical analyses included Fishers exact tests, Mann Whitney tests, Spearman correlations, and Students t‐tests. RESULTS: Our results showed high levels of EE and its component emotional over‐involvement (EOI) among relatives, and a strong correlation between critical comments (CC) and EOI and FB measurements. In addition, family members with elevated EE levels showed higher means for FB and this difference was significant. CONCLUSIONS: Mental health nurses are expected to consider these concepts for proposing nursing interventions to first‐episode psychosis patients and their relatives. HIGHLIGHTSFirst‐episode psychosis (FEP) causes several changes in the family dynamics of the affected individualsFamily members of FEP patients with elevated Expressed Emotion (EE) levels showed higher means for family burdenHigh levels of EE and its component emotional over‐involvement among relatives of FEP patients in a Brazilian sample.