Edilson Paes Saraiva

Redução da proteína bruta e suplementação de aminoácidos para suínos machos castrados dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidos em ambiente de alta temperatura

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of the reduction of dietary CP levels and amino acid supplementation on performance of barrows maintained in a high environmental temperature. A total of sixty crossbreed (Landrace x Large White) piglets (average body weight = 29.8 kg) was allotted in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments (17, 16, 15, 14 and 13% CP), six replications and two animals per experimental unit. Diets and water were suplied ad libitum until the end of the experimental period, when the animals reached the average weight of 59.9 kg. The average temperature in the room was maintained at 32.2oC and the relative humidity at 74.4%, corresponding to a Black Globe-Humidity Index of 82.8. The reduction of dietary CP level affected weight gain (WG). The animals fed 14% CP diet showed significant WG reduction. Feed intake (FI) also was affected by CP level, and the animals fed 14% CP diet showed smaller FI values than those fed 16 and 13% CP diets. Feed:gain ratio was not affected by treatments. The animals fed the diet with 14% CP showed the smallest values of protein and fat deposition rates in the carcass. The animals fed the diet with 17% CP showed higher kidneys weights. It was concluded that dietary CP level for barrows from 30 to 60 kg body weight, maintained in a high environmental temperature, can be reduced from 17 to 13% with no effect on performance and protein deposition rate in carcass since diets are supplemented with essential amino acids.

Substituição de minerais inorgânicos por orgânicos na alimentação de poedeiras semipesadas

This study evaluated the effect of the supplementation with organic microminerals on performance and egg quality of semi-heavy layers. Dekalk Brown layers (n=216) were distributed according to a completely randomized design into four treatments, nine repetitions and six birds per repetition. The experiment lasted 140 days and was comprised of five 28 day cycles. The basal diet was formulated to fulfill the nutritional requirements and was supplemented with organic or inorganic minerals, resulting in four treatments: T1 - basal + 100% inorganic minerals; T2 - basal + 100% organic minerals; T3 - basal + 66% organic minerals; T4 - basal + 33% organic minerals. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion for dozen and mass, albumen percentage, specific gravity, shell thickness and relative gross margin have better results when the inorganic minerals are replaced with 66% organic.

Influence of the climatic environment and duration of labor on the mother-offspring interaction in Morada Nova sheep.

The objective of this study was to confirm the influences of stress from labor and climate on the formation of the mother-offspring bond in Morada Nova sheep in the first 2 h after delivery or at the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. The data were collected from 80 Morada Nova ewes (25 primiparous and 55 multiparous) and their lambs in 2 periods of the year. On the basis of the average length of parturition and the black globe temperature-humidity index (BGTHI) at the time of the birth, the ewes were grouped into 3 classes corresponding to the length of parturition, classified as short (less than 15 min), medium (between 15 and 30 min), or long (more than 30 min). Similarly, the BGTHI at the moment of birth was classified into 1 of 3 ranges: low (less than 65), intermediate (greater than 65 but less than 80), and high (greater than 80). For the characterization of mother-offspring behavior, evaluations were performed in the first 2 h after birth or until the moment of the first suckling of the newborn. Maternal factors such as maternal grooming, facilitating sucking, frequency of low-pitched bleats, and latency to groom were recorded. For the lamb, attempts to seek the udder, the frequency of low-pitched bleats, latency to first reaction, latency to stand, and latency to suckle were recorded. The lambs were slower (P < 0.05) to stand and suckle when they were born in conditions of a BGTHI below 65. The latencies to stand and suckle were greater (P < 0.05) in newborn lambs born during labor that took more than 30 min. For maternal behaviors, activities such as maternal grooming and the facilitation of suckling were greater (P < 0.05) during the time periods with higher bioclimatic index values. Moreover, the dams cleaned or licked (maternal grooming) the newborns for a lower percentage of time (P < 0.05) when the labor lasted longer than 30 min. From the present study, it can be concluded that newborn Morada Nova lambs are slower to stand and suckle when born under BGTHI conditions below 65. Furthermore, prolonged labor harms the mother-offspring bond, especially in terms of the dams ability to clean (maternal grooming) her lambs body and facilitate its first suckling.

Electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle

The objective was to evaluate the effect of electrolyte balance in diets with reduced protein for semi-weighted Bovans Goldline laying hens in the second production cycle. The design was completely randomized with five treatments and seven replicates of six birds per experimental unit. Treatment 1 consisted of a control diet containing 165.0 g/kg crude protein (CP), formulated with the addition of DL-methionine to meet birds requirements during the experimental period. To compose the treatments 2-5 (BE149, BE167, BE185 and BE203), a basal diet with reduced protein (135.0 g/kg CP) supplemented with synthetic amino acids DL-methionine, L-lysine, L- threonine, L-valine and L-tryptophan was formulated. This basal diet was supplemented with potassium carbonate, to replace the inert, so as to provide four levels of potassium (5.86, 6.56, 7.26 and 7.96 g/kg) corresponding to the electrolyte balance of 171, 149, 167, 185 and 203 meq/kg, respectively. There was increased linear effect for feed intake and decreasing linear effect for albumen weight and yolk percentage and quadratic effect for conversion per dozen and per egg mass. Crude protein is recommended at 135.0g/kg with 6.77 g/kg potassium and electrolyte balance of 172.51meq/kg in the diet of semi-weighted laying hens in the second production cycle.

Produção de proteína microbiana e parâmetros ruminais em vacas leiteiras alimentadas com farelo de trigo

Doze vacas Holandesas foram distribuidas em tres quadrados latinos 4 x 4, balanceados de acordo com o periodo de lactacao, com o objetivo de estimar a producao de proteina microbiana, utilizando-se a excrecao total de derivados de purinas (DP) a partir de coletas spot de urina, as concentracoes de nitrogenio (N)-ureia no plasma, no leite e na urina, o pH e a concentracao de amonia ruminal. As quatro racoes experimentais foram formuladas para conter na base da materia seca 70% de silagem de milho e 30% de concentrado. Foram utilizados niveis crescentes de farelo de trigo no concentrado (0, 33, 67 e 100%) em substituicao ao fuba de milho. As concentracoes de ureia (38,8 mg/dL) e N-ureia (18,1 mg/dL) no leite nao foram afetados pelos niveis de farelo de trigo, assim como as concentracoes plasmaticas de ureia (51,1 mg/dL) e N-ureia (23,8 mg/dL). As excrecoes urinarias de ureia, N-ureia, alantoina, DP, purinas absorvidas, N-microbiano e concentracao de alantoina no leite nao foram alteradas. Entretanto, a excrecao de acido urico apresentou comportamento quadratico, com valor maximo de 40,03 mmol/dia no nivel de 36% de farelo de trigo. O pH e a concentracao de amonia ruminal antes e apos a alimentacao tambem nao foram afetados pelos niveis de farelo de trigo. O fuba de milho pode ser substituido integralmente pelo farelo de trigo no concentrado de vacas leiteiras, com producao de leite media de 20 kg/dia, alimentadas com dietas a base de silagem de milho, sem que ocorra alteracao na producao de proteina microbiana e no pH e concentracao de amonia ruminal.

Seasonal and circadian variation of the sexual behavior of Morada Nova rams in tropical environment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonal and daily variation in sexual behavior of Morada Nova breeders raised in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The data were collected from four rams and 114 ewes of the Morada Nova breed - 55 females in the dry season and another 59 in the rainy season. Observations were performed in the dry and rainy seasons, divided into four times of the day: morning (05:01 h to 11.00 h), afternoon (11.01 h to 17.00 h), evening (17.01 h to 23:00 h), and dawn (23:01 h to 05.00 h). Sexual behavior was assessed for a period of 24 h/day, in a breeding season. One ram was used each three days. The behavioral patterns of the rams in view of females were observed during the recognition (sniffing the female urine, bouts of anogenital sniffing, and flehmen reaction), preparatory (exposure of tongue and penis, leg-kicking, and low-pitched bleats), and copulatory (number of mounts, number of ejaculations, and refractory period) phases. The rams were more active during daytime. The animals in the rainy season showed more efficient sexual behaviors by the lower frequency of mounts per ejaculation and greater number of ejaculations in a shorter time. In contrast, courting behaviors such as exposure of tongue, number of mounts, low-pitched bleats, and leg-kicking were more frequent in the dry season. In the semi-arid region with latitudes close to 7°N, Morada Nova rams have a higher intensity of precopulatory behaviors and lower frequency of ejaculations in the dry season.

Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: production and composition of milk and ingestive behavior

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay - EGH; corn straw - CS, hay of cassava shoots - HCS; fresh sugarcane bagasse - FSB; and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse - HSB) on the milk yield and composition and the feeding behavior of lactating Sindhi cows. Five cows with average body weight, average daily milk yield, and average daily 4%-fat-corrected milk yield of 265, 4.95 and 5.22 kg, respectively, were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The effect of experimental diets on milk yield and composition, feeding time (FT), rumination time (RT), idle time, mean values of total chewing time (TCT), number of ruminal boli (NRB), number of rumination chews (NRC), and feed efficiency (FE) and rumination efficiency (RE) expressed as a function of DM and NDF were analyzed. Milk yield in kg/day and corrected to 4.0% fat from the animals that received cactus associated with CS were higher as compared with the treatment with hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse. The milk composition variables were not influenced by the treatments, and nor were FT, RT, TCT, NRB and NC. Two patterns were observed for FE and RE, with higher efficiency of the diets with EGH, CS and HCS and lower efficiency for diets containing sugarcane bagasse. In this context, Sindhi cows fed forage cactus associated with corn straw, elephant grass hay, and hay of cassava shoots present better performance, feeding efficiency, and rumination responses than those fed forage cactus associated with fresh sugarcane bagasse and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse.

Forage cactus associated with different fiber sources for lactating Sindhi cows: intake, digestibility and microbial protein production

This experiment was carried to evaluate the effect of forage cactus with different fiber sources (elephant grass hay [EGH], corn straw [CS], hay of cassava shoots [HCS], fresh sugarcane bagasse [FSB], and hydrolyzed sugarcane bagasse [HSB]) on intake, apparent digestibility and macrobiotic protein production of cows. Five cows with 265 kg average body weight, 4.95 kg average daily milk yield and 5.22 kg 4% fat-corrected milk yield were randomly allocated to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The animals fed cactus associated with CS, EGH and HCS showed higher intake of DM and nutrients. However, regarding the digestibility, diets with sugarcane bagasse showed higher digestibility compared with those with CS and hay. For microbial protein, the excretion of purine derivatives, synthesis of microbial N and microbial protein production were higher in the treatment with CS than in the treatment with sugarcane bagasse. On the other hand, the treatment with EGH and HCS did not have statistical differences compared with the other cases. The mean efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of the experiment was 131 g microbial crude protein/kg of TDN. The treatment with CS showed better efficiency; however, it was statistically superior only compared with FSB. The other treatments did not show statistical difference compared with the other cases. Diets with cactus associated with corn straw, hay of elephant grass or hay of cassava shoots provide higher intake of dry matter and nutrients and better metabolic response compared with diets with cactus associated with sugarcane bagasse for lactating Sindhi cows.

Image monitoring on the behavior study of three genetic groups of confined goats

The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of three genetic groups of confined goats by image monitoring using nine unneutered goats of the Azul, Grauna and Moxoto genotypes. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (genetic groups × periods - morning, afternoon and night), with three replications. Animals were monitored by video cameras placed at the ceiling of each stall for 10 days. There were interaction factors in the frequency of behavioral categories: interaction with the trough, self-cleaning, standing bipedally, social interaction, and other activities. Azul, Grauna and Moxoto native goats kept in the same environment under the same system of containment and feeding show different frequencies and durations in their behaviors, which are influenced by the period of the day.