Eduardo Zapaterra Campos

Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test as a Procedure to Evaluate Anaerobic Power

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) as a predictor of anaerobic capacity, compare it to the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and to compare the RASTs parameters with the parameters of 30-s all-out tethered running on a treadmill. 39 (17.0±1.4 years) soccer players participated in this study. The participants underwent an incremental test, 10 submaximal efforts [50-95% of velocity correspondent to VO(2MAX) (vVO(2MAX))] and one supramaximal effort at 110% of vVO(2MAX) for the determination of MAOD. Furthermore, the athletes performed the RAST. In the second stage the 30-s all-out tethered running was performed on a treadmill (30-s all-out), and compared with RAST. No significant correlation was observed between MAOD and RAST parameters. However, significant correlations were found between the power of the fifth effort (P5) of RAST with peak and mean power of 30-s all-out (r=0.73 and 0.50; p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, the parameters from RAST do not have an association with MAOD, suggesting that this method should not be used to evaluate anaerobic capacity. Although the correlations between RAST parameters with 30-s all-out do reinforce the RAST as an evaluation method of anaerobic metabolism, such as anaerobic power.

Concurrent and aerobic exercise training promote similar benefits in body composition and metabolic profiles in obese adolescents

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity in pediatric population is increasing at an accelerated rate in many countries, and has become a major public health concern. Physical activity, particularly exercise training, remains to be a cornerstone of pediatric obesity interventions. The purpose of our current randomized intervention trial was to compare the effects of two types of training matched for training volume, aerobic and concurrent, on body composition and metabolic profile in obese adolescents. Thus the aim of the study was compare the effects of two types of training matched for training volume, aerobic and concurrent, on body composition and metabolic profile in obese adolescents.Methods32 obese adolescents participated in two randomized training groups, concurrent or aerobic, for 20xa0weeks (50 mins x 3 per week, supervised), and were compared to a 16-subject control group. We measured the percentage body fat (%BF, primary outcome), fat-free mass, percentage of android fat by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and others metabolic profiles at baseline and after interventions, and compared them between groups using the Intent-to-treat design.ResultsIn 20xa0weeks, both exercise training groups significantly reduced %BF by 2.9-3.6xa0% as compare to no change in the control group (pu2009=u20090.042). There were also positive changes in lipid levels in exercise groups. No noticeable changes were found between aerobic and concurrent training groups.ConclusionsThe benefits of exercise in reducing body fat and metabolic risk profiles can be achieved by performing either type of training in obese adolescents.Trial registrationRegistration number: RBR-4HN597.

Impact of long-term high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training on subclinical inflammation in overweight/obese adults

Obesity is a risk factor able to trigger several inflammatory alterations and the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine productions. Physical exercise is an important strategy for reduction of inflammatory established process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of three exercise training programs in the inflammatory profile and insulin resistance in overweight/obesity. Thirty two men and women (46.4±10.1 years; 162.0±9.1 cm; 82.0±13.6 kg) were divided into three groups for training on a treadmill: continuous at 70% maximum heart rate (HRmax) 5 times a week (CONT); 1×4 min (1-bout) and 4×4 min (high intensity interval training, HIIT) at 90% HRmax 3 times a week. Interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), insulin and adiponectin levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance was calculated. After 16 weeks of training blood concentrations of IL-6 decreased in the HIIT group (P=0.035), TNF-α decreased in the CONT (P=0.037) and increased in HIIT (P=0.001) and adiponectin decreased in the three training models. There was a trend towards decreased body weight and body mass index (BMI) after HIIT only (P=0.059 and P=0.060, respectively). Despite the decrease of adiponectin and the increase of TNF-α in HIIT group, insulin sensitivity showed a trend for improvement (P=0.08). HIIT program decreased IL-6 at rest and although not significant was the only who tended to decrease total body weight and BMI. Taken together, our data suggest that both HIIT as well as CONT exercises training program promotes changes in inflammatory profile in overweight/obesity, but dissimilar response is seen in TNF-α levels.

Critical Velocity Determined by a Non-Exhaustive Method in Subjects With COPD

BACKGROUND: Exercise training is an effective and low-cost tool for COPD rehabilitation. Thus, validating a non-exhaustive method to determine a patients anaerobic threshold would be a very interesting tool in practical settings. We aimed to test the reproducibility of critical velocity values determined in a non-exhaustive manner (CVNE) and tolerance for exercise performed at this physiological marker in subjects with COPD. METHODS: Twelve subjects with COPD were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The study was divided into 2 phases: Phase A consisted of reproducibility of CVNE for subjects with COPD, and Phase B determined the tolerance for exercise tests performed at this physiological marker. RESULTS: The proposed protocol for determining CVNE presented fair reproducibility according to blood lactate concentrations (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.58). However, we cannot consider that the tests were reproducible due to the wide CI (0.03–0.85). Furthermore, moderate and strong correlations were observed between the CVNE determined by lactate concentration, by oxygen consumption (V̇O2) (r = 0.66), and by heart rate (r = 0.88). However, a high limit of agreement was observed ±1.45 km/h and ±1.55 km/h, respectively. In the tolerance for exercise test, none of the subjects presented lactate destabilization, whereas 3 tests were interrupted by oxygen saturation decline and 1 test was interrupted by hemodynamic instability. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the subjects presented good tolerance for exercise at CVNE, fair levels of reproducibility were observed in subjects with COPD, even using lactate. Thus, the use of CVNE determined through double 3-min efforts should be considered with caution

Metabolic profile is not associated with body composition parameters in recreational female futsal players

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between body composition parameters and the metabolic profile of recreational female futsal players.Methods11 recreational female futsal players (21.2xa0±xa01.4xa0years, 163.2xa0±xa04.0xa0cm and 61.3xa0±xa017.6xa0kg) participated in this study. The assessment of body composition was performed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, and the following body composition variables were evaluated: total body mass (TBM); body mass index (BMI); total body fat; relative total body fat; upper body fat (UBF); relative upper body fat (RUBF); lean mass (LM); lower limb muscle mass (LLMM). In addition, an evaluation of the metabolic profile was conducted: triacylgrycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and plasma concentrations of glucose (Glu). For the statistical analysis, descriptive analysis and the Pearson test were used to verify association between metabolic profile and body composition. The significance level was 5xa0%. Results: No significant association was found between TAG, HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c to body composition variables, while LDL-c had a tendency to associate with TBM (rxa0=xa00.54; pxa0=xa00.08) as well as Glu to BMI (rxa0=xa0−0.56; pxa0=xa00.07), and TBM (rxa0=xa0−0.59; pxa0=xa00.05). Significant association was found between Glu and LM (rxa0=xa0−0.73; pxa0<xa00.01) and TC with LLMM (rxa0=xa00.59; pxa0=xa00.055).ConclusionNo significant association was found between the metabolic profile and body fat indices, which may be explained by the relatively low levels of TAG, TC, and LDL-c.