Elesandro Bornhofen

Agronomic performance of wheat cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilization levels

The release of wheat cultivars with different nutritional demands and yield potential hinders generalized recommendations for nitrogen fertilization. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 of N) on the agronomic performance of six wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.) in two harvests. A randomized block factorial design with three replications was used. The response to fertilization levels was evaluated through AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and GGE (Genotype main effects and Genotype x Environment interaction) biplot graphic methodologies and polynomial regression. There was genetic variability in response to nitrogen fertilization in the cultivars studied. The biggest increases in yield were observed under a more suitable water regime. The higher performance of yield components was associated with higher nitrogen fertilization levels.

Análises biplot na avaliação de cultivares de trigo em diferentes níveis de manejo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat cultivars under different management levels. Experiments were carried out in Pato Branco (PR), within crop years 2008 and 2009. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme, with three replicates. Treatments consisted in four levels of management, control (E1), traditional (E2) and optimized (E3 and E4), distinguished by level of chemical fertilization and by control of weeds, pests and diseases. Methodologies in AMMI and GGE biplot graphics were used for data analysis. The levels of management maximized the wheat yield, especially when meteorological features were not limiting. Adaptability showed difference among cultivars in the crop managements. The BRS Guamirim cultivar showed adaptability to levels E3 and E4 in crop year 2008, whereas it was associated to E1 and E2 in crop year 2009. Only the cultivars BRS Tangara (E1 and E2) and Pampeano (E3 and E4) kept association consistency to traditional and optimized levels, in both years. Biplot techniques are efficient to indicate more adapted cultivars to levels of crop management in wheat.

Eficiência de uso do Nitrogênio em cultivares modernas de trigo

Bragantia, Campinas, v. 75, n. 3, p.351-361, 2016 ABSTRACT: The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is defined as the capacity of a given genotype in take advantage of the applied nitrogen (N) and transform it in biomass and grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate 12 wheat cultivars as to the NUE and its components. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, in a randomized block design with three replications. Twelve wheat cultivars were submitted to four N supply levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg of N∙ha–1). The data were submitted to analysis of variance, means multiple comparison, polynomial regression, and path analysis. The nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE) was the SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION ArticleThe nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is defined as the capacity of a given genotype in take advantage of the applied nitrogen (N) and transform it in biomass and grains. The objective of this study was to evaluate 12 wheat cultivars as to the NUE and its components. The experiment was conducted in a controlled environment, in a randomized block design with three replications. Twelve wheat cultivars were submitted to four N supply levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg of N∙ha–1). The data were submitted to analysis of variance, means multiple comparison, polynomial regression, and path analysis. The nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE) was the main NUE component of the evaluated cultivars, in both low and high conditions of nitrogen fertilization. In the cultivars average, the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) presented reduction tendency as the N supply was increased, tending to stabilization at the dose of 231 kg of N∙ha–1. The wheat cultivars Mirante, TBIO Itaipu, BRS Parrudo, and TBIO Iguacu were the most efficient on the N use, and the first two were also efficient in remobilizing the N from the phytomass to the grains.

Monitoring levels of deoxynivalenol in wheat flour of Brazilian varieties

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium graminearum and its intake represents a severe risk to human and animal health. The objective of this study was to evaluate levels of DON in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour from two representative locations of south Brazil. Experiments were carried out in Pato Branco (Parana) and Coxilha (Rio Grande do Sul) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Levels of DON were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). This mycotoxin was detected in 97% of samples, ranging from 200 to 4140 u,g kg-1. Only 17% of samples presented DON beyond of the maximum allowed by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency up to the year 2012; even though, Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics were slight low in the growing season that the study was performed. According to our knowledge, this is the first report showing genetic variability of Brazilian cultivars to DON contamination and some genotypes have potential to be exploited as a source of low accumulation of this toxin.

Environmental effect on genetic gains and its impact on bread-making quality traits in Brazilian spring wheat

CHILEAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH 76(1) JANUARY-MARCH 2016 7 7 In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) several studies have reported genetic gain for grain yield over the years. However, studies on wheat bread-making quality are scarce. Our objective was to estimate the progress due to genetic and environmental components in wheat breadmaking quality parameters. In addition, we aimed to examine trends in historical cultivars and associate traits performance with geographical parameters. We used data from multi-environment trials (MET) represented by eight years (2005-2012) and 458 genotypes, including lines and commercial cultivars (controls). We determined the genetic progress by the contrasts between genotypes assessed in each biennium, excluding the year effect. This effect is previously estimated by existing variation among common genotypes. Genotype replacement rate was 52% and reflects the dynamism of the breeding program to develop better genotypes in terms of bread-making quality. The genetic progress estimated for gluten strength (W) was 1.30% yr. The progress in W demonstrated to be partly counterbalanced by the environmental effect (-0.78% yr). We observed disequilibrium tendency in relationship between tenacity and extensibility (P/L ratio) as a consequence of searching for lines with high W. Analysis showed that P/L ratio can be reduced in responses to the increase in latitude of the location. Environmental and genetic effects on the traits variation were discussed.

Statistical methods to study adaptability and stability of wheat genotypes

A sensibilidade as variacoes ambientais observada na cultura do trigo implica na interacao genotipo (G) × ambiente (A) (IGA) significativa. Objetivamos com o presente estudo comparar metodologias estatisticas para a analise da adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genotipos de trigo em ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso (VCU). Foram utilizados dados de desempenho produtivo de 22 genotipos de trigo avaliados em 3 locais (Guarapuava, Cascavel e Abelardo Luz), nas safras agricolas de 2012 e 2013. Em cada ensaio, foi empregado o delineamento de blocos completos casualizados, com 3 repeticoes. Na avaliacao da IGA, foram utilizadas metodologias baseadas em modelos mistos, analise de variância, regressao linear, analises multivariadas e nao parametricas. Para verificar semelhancas na selecao dos genotipos pelas diferentes metodologias, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlacao de postos de Spearman. As metodologias Annicchiarico, Lin e Binns modificada, bem como a media harmonica dos valores geneticos (MHVG) permitem identificar genotipos estaveis e, ao mesmo tempo, mais produtivos. A magnitude do rendimento de graos nao e associada as estimativas de estabilidade de Wricke, de Eberhart e Russell, escores do primeiro componente principal do metodo AMMI1 e a estabilidade pela analise GGE biplot, indicando que genotipos estaveis nao necessariamente sao mais produtivos. Para os dados analisados neste estudo, os metodos AMMI1 e GGE biplot mostraram-se equivalentes em relacao ao ordenamento dos genotipos pela estabilidade e adaptabilidade.

Seleção de genótipos de trigo para rendimento de grãos e qualidade de panificação em ensaios multiambientes

The objective of this study was to select wheat lines for baking quality and grain yield in multi-environment trials in order to identify ideal test environments for selection. A total of 39 wheat genotypes, 18 inbred lines and 9 checks were evaluated in 2010, and other 11 inbred lines and 4 checks in 2011, in the state of Parana. Some lines and locations were not repeated between the two years. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. GGE biplot analysis (Genotype and Genotype-by-environment) was used to evaluate the genotypes and test environments. The locations Nova Fatima, Pitangueiras and Ventania were discriminative (maximized the expression of yield potential and the differentiation among genotypes) and representatives of the environments evaluated in the 2010 crop season. Rolândia and Astorga stood out as ideal environments to select better genotypes for baking quality in 2011. The inbred lines BIO-08528 and BIO-08228 were classified as ideal genotypes for grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC), respectively. However, in 2011 the inbred lines BIO-10161 and BIO-10141 were superior for baking quality and GY, respectively. SDS sedimentation test and GPC were correlated each other (r= 0,61**) and moderately associated with the gluten strength (r=0,49 and** 0,74**), indicating that both traits can be used for indirect selection of baking quality.

Desempenho agronômico de cultivares de trigo em resposta a doses de adubação nitrogenada

The release of wheat cultivars with different nutritional demands and yield potential hinders generalized recommendations for nitrogen fertilization. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 of N) on the agronomic performance of six wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.) in two harvests. A randomized block factorial design with three replications was used. The response to fertilization levels was evaluated through AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and GGE (Genotype main effects and Genotype x Environment interaction) biplot graphic methodologies and polynomial regression. There was genetic variability in response to nitrogen fertilization in the cultivars studied. The biggest increases in yield were observed under a more suitable water regime. The higher performance of yield components was associated with higher nitrogen fertilization levels.

Agronomic performance of wheat cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilization levels - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v34i3.14468

The release of wheat cultivars with different nutritional demands and yield potential hinders generalized recommendations for nitrogen fertilization. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha -1 of N) on the agronomic performance of six wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L.) in two harvests. A randomized block factorial design with three replications was used. The response to fertilization levels was evaluated through AMMI (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction) and GGE (Genotype main effects and Genotype x Environment interaction) biplot graphic methodologies and polynomial regression. There was genetic variability in response to nitrogen fertilization in the cultivars studied. The biggest increases in yield were observed under a more suitable water regime. The higher performance of yield components was associated with higher nitrogen fertilization levels.