Eliane Denise Araújo Bacil

Pressão arterial elevada em adolescentes: prevalência e fatores associados

Analisou-se a prevalencia e os fatores associados a deficiencia de vitamina A (DVA) em maes (664) e seus filhos (790) menores de cinco anos em Pernambuco/2006. Estudo transversal populacional, com amostra representativa do meio urbano e rural. A DVA foi definida como niveis de retinol serico < 20µg/dL para os dois grupos (maes e filhos). Analises bi e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando o modelo log-log complementar como funcao de ligacao adotando-se modelo de ordenacao hierarquica explicativa da DVA para as criancas e modelo logistico para as maes. A prevalencia de DVA foi 6,9% nas maes e 16,1% em seus filhos, com ocorrencias semelhantes para cada grupo na comparacao urbano x rural. Na area urbana, o regime de ocupacao da moradia teve relacao significante com a DVA nas maes. Para criancas urbanas, apos o ajuste final do modelo, figuraram como variaveis preditivas a idade da mae; no de consultas pre-natais e peso ao nascer. No meio rural a DVA materna se associou a DVA dos filhos RP = 3,99 (IC:1,73-9,19), ao peso ao nascer e diarreia nos ultimos 15 dias. A DVA mantem-se como um problema de saude publica em Pernambuco, com marcantes diferencas de prevalencia e fatores associados em maes e filhos.The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of high Blood Pressure (BP) among adolescents in a Brazilian city. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 653 adolescents (57.9% female) of high school level between 14 and 19 years of age. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of all subjects were measured. Social and demographic variables and lifestyle factors and body mass index were obtained. Binary logistic regression, crude and adjusted, was employed with a significance level of 5%. The mean SBP and DBP were 111.9 mmHg and 69.9 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of high BP levels was 12.4%. The multivariable analysis revealed that males (OR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.45, 3.90), adolescents with maternal education < 8 years (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.30) and overweight (OR: 3.79, 95% CI: 2.23, 6.43) had greater indices of high BP. The interaction term between males and overweight represented the subgroup with greater indices of high BP (OR: 6.41, 95% CI: 3.00, 13.16). High BP affects adolescents from Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, and the groups with greater indices of high BP were males, with low maternal educational level and overweight.

Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à adiposidade corporal em adolescentes

Objective: To identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with abdominal obesity (AO) and high body fat percentage (high BF%) in adolescents from the city of Curitiba-PR. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,732 adolescents, aged 11 to 19 years, of both genders. The triceps and calf skinfolds were measured for the calculation of BF%, as well as the waist circumference. A questionnaire was completed by adolescents with the following type of residence, socioeconomic status, time spent watching TV on weekdays and weekends, and daily energy expenditure. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of sociodemographic and behavioral variables with abdominal obesity and high BF%. Results: Female were more likely to have high BF% (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.32-3.33), but were less likely to have abdominal obesity (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Older individuals (1619 have high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.83). The older age groups (13-15 years and 16-19 years) had an inverse association with abdominal obesity. Regarding daily energy expenditure, the less active individuals were more likely to present high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.71) and obesity (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09-1.80). Conclusions: Interventions to increase physical activity levels in young people should be designed in order to combat excess body fat should designed to combat excess adiposity.Objetivo:Identificar fatores sociodemograficos e comportamentais associados a obesidade abdominal (OA) e ao percentual de gordura corporal elevado (%GC elevado) em adolescentes de Curitiba-PR.Metodos:A amostra probabilistica foi composta por 1.732 adolescentes, de 11 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, da rede publica de ensino. Foram coletadas as medidas de dobras cutâneas tricipital e panturrilha para o calculo do %GC, alem da medida da circunferencia da cintura. Um questionario foi preenchido pelos adolescentes para avaliacao das seguintes variaveis: sexo, idade, tipo de residencia, nivel socioeconomico, tempo gasto assistindo a TV durante a semana e o fim de semana, alem do gasto energetico diario. A regressao logistica foi utilizada como medida de associacao dos fatores sociodemograficos e comportamentais com a obesidade abdominal e o percentual de gordura corporal elevado.Resultados:As meninas apresentaram maior chance de ter o %GC elevado (OR: 2,73; IC95%: 2,32-3,33). Em contrapartida, tem menor chance de ter obesidade abdominal (OR: 0,58; IC95%: 0,44-0,78). Individuos mais velhos (16-19 anos) apresentaram maior chance de ter o %GC elevado (OR: 1,36; IC95%: 1,02-1,83). Em contrapartida, as faixas etarias mais elevadas (13-15 anos e 16-19 anos) tiveram uma associacao inversa com a obesidade abdominal. Em relacao ao gasto energetico diario, os individuos menos ativos apresentaram maior chance de ter %GC elevado (OR: 1,36; IC95%: 1,07-1,71) e obesidade abdominal (OR: 1,40; IC95%: 1,09-1,80).Conclusoes:Intervencoes relacionadas ao aumento nos niveis de atividade fisica na populacao jovem devem ser elaboradas para o combate do excesso de adiposidade corporal.

Physical activity and biological maturation: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between physical activity (PA) and biological maturation in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE: We performed a systematic review in April 2013 in the electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Web of Science and LILACS without time restrictions. A total of 628 potentially relevant articles were identified and 10 met the inclusion criteria for this review: cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, published in Portuguese, English or Spanish, with schoolchildren aged 9-15 years old of both genders. DATA SYNTHESIS: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, there was an inverse association between PA and biological maturation. PA decreases with increased biological and chronological age in both genders. Boys tend to be more physically active than girls; however, when controlling for biological age, the gender differences disappear. The association between PA and timing of maturation varies between the genders. Variation in the timing of biological maturation affects the tracking of PA in early adolescent girls. This review suggests that mediators (BMI, depression, low self-esteem, and concerns about body weight) can explain the association between PA and biological maturation. CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between PA and biological maturation. PA decreases with increasing biological age with no differences between genders. As for the timing of biological maturation, this association varies between genders.

Fidedignidade de um questionário de comportamento sedentário em escolares

Objective: To evaluate the reliability of a sedentary behavior questionnaire. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,119 students from 9 to 15 years old from seven public schools in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil, between March and December 2015. The questionnaire consists of 13 items divided into five aspects (screen time, educational, cultural, social and transportation) in which the participants reported time spent in sedentary activities (hours and/or minutes) in a typical week. For the reliability analysis, two applications of the questionnaire were performed and the intraclass correlation coefficient evaluated the reproducibility, Bland–Altman scatter plot assessed the concordance between the two test-retest measurements, and Cronbachs alpha, the internal consistency of the questionnaire, adopting 5% as significance level. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbachs alpha presented values greater than 0.70, being higher on weekdays than on weekends. The two applications of the questionnaire presented a mean difference of 228.27 minutes/week, with 95% confidence interval of 175.86 to 280.68. The limits of agreement ranged from 2,015.33 to -1,558.79 minutes/week. Conclusion: The questionnaire presented satisfactory reliability and can be used to measure sedentary behavior in students from 9 to 15 years old of public schools.

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A PROVOCAÇÃO REFERENTE AO PESO CORPORAL E A ATIVIDADE FÍSICA EM ADOLESCENTES

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the association between weight-teasing and physical activity in students from public schools of Curitiba, Paraná (Southern Brazil). Methods: The sample consisted of 95 students (48 boys and 47 girls) aged 12 to 14 years old. The Perception of Weight Teasing (POTS) and The Perception of Weight Teasing during Physical Activity Scale assessed the frequency of weight-teasing experienced by the participants. Accelerometers measured physical activity. BMI assessed the weight status of the participants. Pearson correlations analyzed the association between the teasing and physical activity variables at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The relationship between teasing variables and physical activity was not significant. A large proportion of participants failed to meet the recommended levels of physical activity regardless of sex (72%), and girls were significantly less physically active than boys (56.3% of boys and 89.4% of girls; p<0.01). Conclusions: Some participants were targets of weight-teasing, but teasing was not related to physical activity. Interventions are necessary to educate middle school students about the harmful consequences of weight teasing.