Emília Luigia Saporiti Angerami

Estudo da permanência dos enfermeiros no trabalho

Uma das razoes da carencia de enfermeiros no mundo e o abandono da profissao. Poucas pesquisas tem sido realizadas para comprovar este fato. A permanencia de enfermeiros no mercado de trabalho e os motivos para o seu abandono constituem os objetivos desta pesquisa. Os autores tentaram o contato com 1112 enfermeiros egressos do Curso de Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto ¾ USP, Brasil, formados no periodo de 1957 a 1990. Desses, nao foram localizados 95 enfermeiros (8,54%); 1017 (91,46%) foram contatados por cartas, telefones ou entrevistas, solicitandos a responder um questionario; 808 (72,66%) responderam; 194 (17,45%) nao responderam; 4 (0,36%) recusaram-se e 11 (0,99%) haviam falecidos. Os resultados mostraram que 19 (2,35%) nao ingressaram no mercado de trabalho; 661 (81,81%) trabalharam na profissao; 102 (12,62%) trabalharam por um periodo de tempo e 26 (3,22%) estao aposentados. Alguns destes, 6 (23,08% do total dos aposentados), continuam trabalhando. Para o grupo estudado a analise mostra que a porcentagem de abandono e pequena. Outros estudos, entretanto, outros estudos deveriam ser realizados para comparacao dos resultados. As razoes pelas quais os enfermeiros permaneciam em exercicio estao relacionados ao gostarem da profissao, embora declarem seu trabalho nao ser reconhecido e mal remunerado. O abandono esta relacionado a motivos pessoais e familiares. As constantes trocas de turnos, falta de motivacao sao outras razoes apontadas para a interrupcao do trabalho. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros gostam da profissao e apreciariam permanecer, entretanto, clamam por melhores condicoes de trabalho.

ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS ANOTAÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM

O paciente e o centro de atencao da equipe de saude, e desta, e a equipe de enfermagem a que permanece mais tempo junto a ele, dispensando-lhe 24 horas de assistencia, o que permite a execucao e avaliacao do plano inicial de tratamento; uma das formas de comunicacao entre os membros desta equipe consiste nas anotacoes registradas no prontuario do paciente, os quais emitem mensagens que fornecem subsidios para a elaboracao de novos planos, avaliacao daqueles que estao em andamento com o objetivo de restabelecer o maximo de saude em um minimo de tempo possivel. O valor das anotacoes de enfermagem ja foi definido em varios estudos e pode ser resumido em quatro itens: 1) evolucao do cuidado e do tratamento do paciente; 2) fonte de investigacao; 3) educacao de medicos, enfermeiros e outros profissionais; 4) documento legal. HARMER e HENDERSON afirmam que a investigacao de enfermagem e medica baseia-se nas observacoes de cuidados prestados e registrados. Observar, anotar, analisar e deduzir sao escaloes essenciais dos chamados descobrimentos cientificos. Salientam ainda serem as anotacoes de enfermagem um excelente indice da habilidade profissional. Sabe-se que o enfermeiro deve fazer um grande esforco para registrar informacoes objetivas, claras e precisas; as anotacoes devem conter fatos e opinioes, nao devem se fixar em manifestacoes fisicas patologicas e omitir sinais favoraveis, nem tao pouco ser uma lista de dados. CARVALH0 ressalta que talvez um unico processo capaz de medir a assistencia prestada ao paciente seja o prontuario, que nasceu a medida em que os fatos foram se desenvolvendo e sendo anotados rigorosa e sistematicamente sem distorcoes, sem exageros ou omissoes. Nele encontramos registrados todos os sinais e manifestacoes surgidas em consequencia do tratamento, assinados pelo enfermeiro ou pelo tecnico responsavel. Diante da importância de se poder contar com um prontuario completo, novos tipos estao sendo estudados, assim como formas de anotacao. Exemplo disto e a anotacao centrada no problema do paciente, conforme testemunham os estudos de PARDEE et alii, THOMA & PITTMAN, BLOOM et alii onde o enfermeiro faz observacoes de ordem objetiva e subjetiva e estabelece: impressoes ou julgamentos de enfermagem; objetivo ou plano de acao; acao executada e avaliacao.

Dores nas costas e enfermagem

Esse trabalho e parte de um estudo mais abrangente. Apos a realizacao de uma avaliacao clinica especifica executada por um grupo interdisciplinar, entrevistou-se 68 funcionarias de enfermagem de um Hospital Universitario com o objetivo de verificar caracteristicas da ocorrencia de cervicodorsolombalgias em profissionais de enfermagem, bem como sua interferencia na realizacao das atividades cotidianas dessas pessoas.

O mister da investigação do enfermeiro

The author locates the trajectory of the knowledge in nursing, based on light of professionalism and presents a synthesis of the community effort of nursing in conditions for the administration of knowledge. The analyze of the beginning of the seventy decade point out the knowledge explosion in nursing literature, and an advance in the interchange, getting together, so for, the challenge of the over flow from the descriptive phase and the difficult of research in transforming the practice.

A AUTO-ESTIMA EM ADOLESCENTES COM E SEM FISSURAS DE LÁBIO E/OU DE PALATO

Self-image is an important determinant of self-esteem among men and women, which makes us reflect about the process of rehabilitation of people with facial malformations. In order to measure self-esteem, the Janis and Field Scale was used. The sample consisted of 608 adolescents aged 17 to 20 years including males and females. Two hundred and thirty-five had a cleft lip and/or palate and 373 did not. The analysis of the self-esteem levels obtained enabled to conclude that the adolescents with a cleft lip and/or palate behave differently from those without it, that is, they present lower self-esteem scores.O auto-conceito e um determinante importante da auto-estima, entre homens e mulheres, isto nos fez refletir sobre o processo de reabilitacao das pessoas portadoras de malformacao. Utilizamos para mensurar o nivel de auto-estima a escala de Janis e Field. Entrevistou-se 608 adolescentes sendo 235 com e 373 sem fissuras de labio e/ou de palato, entre idades de 17 a 20 anos e de ambos o sexos. Analisando os niveis de auto-estima concluimos que o grupo de adolescentes com fissuras se comporta de forma diferente do grupo sem fissura, ou seja, os portadores de fissuras exibem menores escores de auto-estima.Self-image is an important determinant of self-esteem among men and women, which makes us reflect about the process of rehabilitation of people with facial malformations. In order to measure self-esteem, the Janis and Field Scale was used. The sample consisted of 608 adolescents aged 17 to 20 years including males and females. Two hundred and thirty-five had a cleft lip and/or palate and 373 did not. The analysis of the self-esteem levels obtained enabled to conclude that the adolescents with a cleft lip and/or palate behave differently from those without it, that is, they present lower self-esteem scores.

A bacteriological study of hospital beds before and after disinfection with phenolic disinfectant

In hospitals, one of the ways to control microbial contamination is by disinfecting the furniture used by patients. This studys main objective was to evaluate the microbiological condition of hospital mattresses before and after such disinfection, in order to identify bacteria that are epidemiologically important in nosocomial infection, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RODAC plates with two different culture media were used to collect specimens. Patient beds were selected according to previously established criteria, and surface areas on the mattresses were chosen at random. From the total of 1,040 plate cultures from 52 mattresses, positive results were obtained from 500 of them (48.1%), 263 before disinfection and 237 after disinfection. Considering the selectivity of the culture media, the positivity rate was high. There were high prevalences of S. aureus both before and after mattress disinfection. The study results suggest that the usual disinfection procedures, instead of diminishing the number of microbes, merely displace them from one part of the mattress to another, and the number of microorganisms remains the same.

Rotatividade dos trabalhadores de enfermagem nos hospitais do Município de Ribeirão Preto

The present study was carried out in 1990 with the objective of measuring and analyzing the turnover of nursing personnel in nine general hospitals located in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The population under study consisted of nurses, nursing assistants, nursing technicians, and nursing attendants who started work or left their jobs between 1 January and 31 December 1990. Employment status for these workers was checked monthly based on information from the human resources department of each hospital. Two types of turnover indices were calculated: the liquid rate of substitution and the median length of service of the departing workers. Results showed that the number of nursing personnel employed in Ribeirao Preto increased in 1990. However, results also revealed a high turnover rate, especially for philanthropic and private institutions, with liquid substitution rates of 32% and 39% per year and median lengths of service of 8 months and 12 months, respectively. These circumstances could lead to higher costs and reduced productivity. The only public hospital in the study presented the lowest level of turnover (liquid substitution rate of 6% and median length of service of 42 months). Nurses and attendants had the highest substitution rates and thus were the least stable categories.

Avaliação da satisfação de um grupo de idosas e cuidadores com o planejamento de alta

Independently of the type of quality assistance improvement model chosen in a health institution, the implementation of ways of assessing it is also necessary. This study analyze the degree of satisfaction among a group of 50 hospitalized elderly women and/or caretakers after the implementation of a discharge planning in a Emergency Medical Clinic Unit. The present paper also investigates the need for continued assistance and points out which information is considered the most important by the patient. Results show that both the elderly and caretakers were highly satisfied with the assistance provide, most of which felt confident about their ability to continue it and that the most important information was that related the main health problem of elderly patient. It is inferred from this study that a discharge planning should be adapted by the health professionals in the hospital.Independently of lhe type of quality assistance improvemenl model chosen ln a health insl ilulion, lhe implementation of ways 01 assess ing it is also necessary. This study analyze lhe degree of salisfaction among a group of 50 hospilalized elderly women and/or carelakers afler l he implemenlation of a discharge planning in a Emergency Medical Clinic Uni!. The present paper also investigales lhe need for conl inued assistance and points oul which information is considered lhe mosl important by lhe patien!. Resulls show Ihat bolh lhe elderly and carelakers were highly salisfied wlth the assistance provide, mosl of whlch fe ll contiden! about their ability to continue ii and tha! lhe mosl important information was lha! relaled lhe main heallh problem of elderly patien!. II is inferred Irom Ihis study Ihal a discharge planning should be adapled by lhe health professionals ln the hospital.Sea cual fuere la propuesta para mejorar la calidad de asistencia, se hace necesaria la implementacion de formas de evaluarla. El presente estudio se propone asi, despues de implementar la planificacion de alta a un grupo de 50 ancianas hospitalizadas en la Unidad de Clinica Medica de Urgencia y Emergencia, evaluar el grado de satisfaccion de las ancianas y de los cuidadores respecto a la asistencia ofrecida; la percepcion sobre la capacidad de dar una continuidad a la asistencia y que informaciones se consideran mas importantes. El analisis de los resultados permite afirmar que tanto las ancianas como los cuidadores manifestaron un alto grado de satisfaccion con la asistencia prestada;la mayoria afirma que se siente en condiciones de dar continuidad a la asistencia. Las informaciones que consideran mas importantes son las que se refieren al problema principal de la anciana. Se infiere que la planificacion de alta debe ser utilizada por los profesionales del area hospitalar.

Vida média de labor dos enfermeiros egressos da escola de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, USP - Brasil

This study aimed at measuring the average working time in health care of nurses graduating from the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Brazil. This research includes 1,112 nurses who graduated from 1957 to 1990. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from March, 1992 to February, 1993. Statistical methods for survival data analysis were used. The average time was 18.12 years.This study aimed at measuring the average working time in health care of nurses graduating from the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, Brazil. This research includes 1,112 nurses who graduated from 1957 to 1990. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from March, 1992 to February, 1993. Statistical methods for survival data analysis were used. The average time was 18.12 years.

Symptoms of stress in workers from five family health centers

Este estudo objetivou investigar a ocorrencia de estresse nos trabalhadores de cinco nucleos de saude da familia, da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto (USP). Foi utilizado o Inventario de Sintomas Stress para adultos, de Lipp. O instrumento visa identificar a sintomatologia que o individuo apresenta, avaliando se ele possui sintomas de estresse, o tipo de sintoma predominante e a fase em que se encontra. Constatou-se a presenca de estresse em 62% dos trabalhadores, sendo que 83% deles estavam na fase de resistencia, e 17%, na fase de quase-exaustao. Houve predominância de sintomas psicologicos em 48% dos sujeitos, de sintomas fisicos, em 39%, e igualdade de sintomas, em 13% desse grupo de trabalhadores.This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of stress among workers at five family health centers of the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine. The author used Lipps Inventory of Stress Symptoms in Adults. The instrument aims to identify the symptoms presented by the individuals, evaluating their stress, the predominant kind of symptom and its phase of development. The author observed the presence of stress in 62% of the workers. Among them, 83% of the subjects were in the resistance phase and 17% in near-exhaustion. The psychological symptoms predominated in 48% of subjects, the physical in 39% and symptom equality was found in 13% of this group of workers.