Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque

Association between regular participation in sports and leisure time behaviors in Brazilian adolescents: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe belief that adolescents engaged in sports increase their overall physical activity level while simultaneously decreasing physical inactivity has been the foundation of many intervention programs in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between regular participation in sports and both active behaviors and TV viewing during leisure time.MethodsA total of 1752 Brazilian adolescents (812 = male and 940 = female) participated in this study. Regular participation in sports, as well as active behaviors (exemplified by walking or cycling) and TV viewing during leisure time were assessed by means of a questionnaire. The chi-square test analyzed the association between sports practice and leisure time behaviors, and the Poisson regression with robust variance indicated the magnitude of these associations.ResultsThe prevalence of regular participation in sports was 14.8% (95% confidence interval 13.2% to 16.5%). After adjustment for all confounders, participation in sports was associated with, at the highest frequency, cycling (PR = 2.55 [1.80–3.60]) and walking (PR = 2.69 [1.98–3.64]) during leisure time. However, there was not an association between the participation in sports and frequency of TV viewing (PR = 1.28 [0.81–2.02]).ConclusionThis study presented data indicating that the regular participation in sports is positively associated with a higher frequency of physically active behaviors during leisure time. However, the results did not support the hypothesis that the engagement in sports necessarily decreases leisure time spent in TV viewing.

Nutritional status, biological maturation and cardiorespiratory fitness in Azorean youth aged 11–15 years

BackgroundSex and individual differences in biological maturity status can influence height, weight, and body fat. Thus, the rigorous control of these variables seems necessary for estimating overweight and obesity in adolescents. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and over-fatness in Azorean adolescents and to examine the contributions of chronological age, sex, estimated maturity status, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to the risk of overweight and obesity and over-fatness.MethodsThe sample comprised 1,206 youth aged 11–15 years (626 boys and 580 girls) from the Azores Islands, Portugal. Body mass, stature, and skinfolds (triceps and subscapular) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and percent fat was predicted from skinfolds. Age- and sex-specific IOTF cut-off values of the BMI defined nutritional status. Biological maturation was estimated as present height expressed as a percentage of predicted adult (mature) stature. The CRF was analyzed from the 20-m shuttle run test.ResultsThe total prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and over-fatness were of 31% and 27%, respectively. Low CRF (unfit) and being average and advanced in maturity status were positively and significantly associated with overweight/obesity and with risk of being over-fatness in both sexes.ConclusionsHigh prevalence rates of overweight/obesity and over-fatness were identified in Azorean youth, and low CRF and advanced biological maturation were positively associated with overweight/obesity and over-fatness in our sample of adolescents.

Aptidão Física Relacionada à Saúde em Escolares de Jequié, BA, Brasil Health-Related Physical Fitness in Students from Jequié, BA, Brazil

The aim of this study was to analyze the health-related physical fitness (HRPF) in students from Jequie, BA, Brazil. Therefore, the HRPF of 182 boys and 160 girls aged 7-12 years, students from public schools, was assessed by the application of 9-minute-run/walk (indicator of cardiorespiratory capacity), modified in one minute abdominal (indicator of abdominal strength and endurance), sit-and-reach (indicator of flexibility) motor tests. The sum of the triciptal and subscapular skinfolds thickness was used as indicator of body fat. The results found indicated higher prevalence of boys and girls below (19% and 49%, respectively) than above (3% and 1%, respectively) the criteria established by the AAHPERD (1988) for indicators of body fat. Conversely, only 51% of the boys and 58% of the girls in the sit-and-reach; 11% and 7%, respectively, in the modified in one minute abdominal; and 15% and 14%, respectively, in the 9-minute-run/walk reached the established criteria. Thus, the results suggest that effective intervention programs seem necessary for the promotion of alterations in the nutritional status as well as habitual physical activity of students from Jequie.

Cardiorespiratory fitness, weight status and objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity in rural and urban Portuguese adolescents.

Relationships among weight status (body mass index [BMI]), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and objective measures of sedentary behaviour and physical activity (PA) were considered in a cross-sectional sample of Portuguese adolescents. The sample included 362 youth aged 13–16 years (165 males, 197 females) from urban and rural regions of the Portuguese midlands. CRF was assessed with the 20-m shuttle-run test. An uniaxial accelerometer was used to obtain five consecutive days of activity behaviours including time being sedentary. Pearson correlations and logistic regression analysis were used to examine relationships among variables. Rural adolescents were less active than their urban peers over the weekend. Both rural and urban youth with higher levels of CRF had a lower relative risk of being overweight/obese. The observations indicate important associations between weight status and CRF in both rural and urban Portuguese adolescents. In addition, place of residence has an important impact on weight status of this sample of adolescents.

Efeito de 16 semanas de treinamento com pesos sobre a pressão arterial em mulheres normotensas e não-treinadas

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of a 16-week weight training (WT) over blood pressure (BP) in normotensive women. The sample consisted of 21 young women (20.5 ± 2.1 years), non-trained, who were randomly grouped in training group (TG = 13) and control group (CG = 8). The WT protocol was progressively structured, in two phases, with duration of eight weeks each, being performed with weekly frequency of three sessions. BP measurements were conducted at rest through the auscultatory method, in the different moments of the study (baseline, after eight and 16 weeks). The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for analysis of the data normality. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements was used for the comparisons between groups during the time, followed by the Scheffe post-hoc test when P < 0.05. A group v. moment interaction was found in the systolic, diastolic and mean BP values, with significant decreases, during the 16 weeks of follow-up, in the order of 5, 8 and 6 mmHg, respectively, in the TG. The outcomes suggest that the 16 week-WT program may cause important reductions in BP in normotensive young women and previously non-trained.

Validade dos métodos para avaliação da gordura corporal em crianças e adolescentes por meio de modelos multicompartimentais: uma revisão sistemática

OBJECTIVE To analyze the validity of methods to assess body fat in children and adolescents using a systematic review. METHODS The search was conducted by two independent researchers using the MEDLINE, BioMed Central, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases. For inclusion, the articles should be written in English or Portuguese, and must have used multi-compartment models as the criterion measure of the model, with body fat measurement of whole body in non-athlete children and adolescents. RESULTS A preliminary search resulted in 832 studies. After all selection steps were performed, 12 articles were included. The selected studies were published between 1997 and 2010, whose samples consisted of children and adolescents with levels of relative body fat ranging from 20.7% to 41.4%. The methods used were: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (58.3%), isotope dilution (41.6%), skinfold thickness (33.3%), hydrostatic weighing (25%), bioelectrical impedance analysis (25%), air displacement plethysmography (16.6%), and total body electrical conductivity (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of the studies, isotope dilution and air displacement plethysmography methods were the most reliable, despite the limited number of studies. As for clinical use or for population-based studies, the equation of Slaughter et al. (1998), which uses the triceps and subscapular skinfolds thickness, showed the best results for assessment of body fat in this population.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de alto nível socioeconômico em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil

Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Metabolismo, Nutricao e Exercicio Centro de Educacao Fisica e Desportos Campus Universitario, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR

Biological Maturation, Central Adiposity, and Metabolic Risk in Adolescents: A Mediation Analysis

BACKGROUND Earlier biological maturation has been related to increased metabolic risk. In this study, we verified mediating effects by central adiposity of the relationship between somatic maturity and metabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 1034 adolescents aged 10-16 years from Londrina/PR/Brazil were evaluated. The age of peak height velocity (PHV) method was used to evaluate somatic maturity. Central adiposity was estimated through waist circumference measurements. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood pressure were measured as metabolic risk indicators. Physical activity (Baecke questionnaire) and cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test) were used as covariates. RESULTS Except for fasting glucose, waist circumference showed partial or full mediation of the relationship between maturity and the following metabolic risk factors with their respective z-score values: triglycerides (boys = -3.554 vs. girls = -5.031), HDL-C (boys = +5.300 vs. girls = +5.905), systolic blood pressure (boys = -3.540 vs. girls = -3.763), diastolic blood pressure (boys = -2.967 vs. girls = -3.264), and metabolic risk score (boys = -5.339 vs. girls = -6.362). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that central obesity plays a mediating role in the relationship between somatic maturation and metabolic risk during adolescence.

Atividade física: prevalência, fatores relacionados e associação entre pais e filhos

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associacao entre a pratica esportiva de adolescentes e seus respectivos pais. METODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo 1.111 adolescentes de ambos os generos, com idade entre dez e 17 anos e seus respectivos responsaveis. Entre pais e filhos, o envolvimento em praticas esportivas de intensidade moderada e/ou vigorosa foi avaliado por meio de questionario. A condicao economica, o genero e a idade foram considerados variaveis de confusao. A regressao logistica binaria avaliou a magnitude das associacoes indicadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os generos, o envolvimento dos pais foi associado com um maior engajamento por parte do adolescente em praticas esportivas (masculino: OR2,3; IC95%1,0-5,3; feminino: OR2,7; IC95%1,3-5,1). Porem, o envolvimento materno foi associado apenas com a atividade fisica no sexo feminino (OR2,4; IC95%1,4-3,8). CONCLUSOES: A pratica esportiva dos adolescentes esta associada com a pratica de seus pais e o genero dos pais exerce efeitos distintos em tal fenomeno.

Correlates of sports practice, occupational and leisure‐time physical activity in Brazilian adolescents

To analyze the relationship between different physical activity (PA) domains and sociodemographic, psychological, behavioral and biological factors in Brazilian adolescents.