Fabiola Cristine de Almeida Rego

Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos mestiços em pastagens tropicais manejadas em diferentes alturas

The chewing behavior of crossbred beef steers grazing pure swards of marandugrass (Brachiaria brizantha Stapf Hoesch cv. Marandu), tanzaniagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia), and forage peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) as well as a mixed sward of marandugrass plus forage peanut all managed to yield different heights was evaluated in this trial. Paddocks of grasses were managed through grazing to obtain six different heights while those of forage peanut and mixed pasture were lowered by using the intermittent grazing simulation technique. The amount of ingested forage was estimated using the double weighting method. The ingestion rate (IR, g DM/min) was determined according to pasture height (PH) and green leaf mass (GLM), both of which called as the Z variable in the model: IR= IRmax (1 - (1 - e(-K x Z)), where IRmax is the parameter that represents the maximum potential ingestion rate (g DM/min) and k is the parameter that represents the variation in IR per each unit of variation in Z. The IR changed in response to PH for all forages; however, the IR varied in response to GLM only for forage peanut and marandugrass. The IR, as function of PH, averaged 66.49 g DM/min across forages and was more sensitive to variation in PH for forage peanut than for the remaining species (k = 0.09 vs. k = 0.039). The time spent chewing each g DM per bite was greatest for the tanzaniagrass and the mixed sward averaging 3.16 and 2.83 seconds, respectively. Manipulation of marandugrass and forage peanut required 0.8 and 0.68 second, respectively. In order to keep high IR, animals on forage peanut increased the bite rate while those grazing the other forage species enhanced the amount of ingested feed per bite.

Influência de variáveis químicas e estruturais do dossel sobre a taxa de ingestão instantânea em bovinos manejados em pastagens tropicais

Steer forage intake rate (IR) was evaluated in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania, Arachis pintoi and a mixed of Brachiaria brizantha with Arachis pintoi. The objectives were to define sward structural characteristics and chemical composition nutrients of each pasture most determinant of forage intake rate by grazing steers. The steers grazed in pairs, passing through all grass species maintained at different sward heights in successive days. After three hours fast the animals were allowed to graze each experimental area for 60 minutes and had their grazing time and bite numbers registered. Forage intake was estimated by the double sampling technique. Sward structural characteristics used in the model for estimation of IR were: average sward height, morphological component proportion (%), morphological component mass (ton DM/ha) and density of morphological components (kg DM/ha/cm). The chemical composition was expressed as crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Sward variables were selected using the stepwise statistical procedure. The IR equations defined from the studied characteristics were: Marandu grass: IR = 59,8980 + 0,7299 GL + 3,5777 DMA - 1,2459 NDFL + 0,2882 SH (GL - proportion of green leaves, FM - forage mass, NDFL - NDF of leaves, SH - average sward height). Tanzania grass: IR = 111,762 -4,1532 CPL + 0,3469 GL - 0,5207 NDFL (CP of leaves, GL - proportion of green leaves, NDFL - NDF of leaves). Peanut forage: IR = -196,589 + 12,1978 CPS + 8,3406 DMA + 1,1060 GS +17,3669 GLA (CPS - stem CP, DMA - dry matter availability, GLA - green leaves availability). Mixed pasture: IR= -7,25 + 1,15HA -0,22HI + 18,49AA -9,88GLA + 0,49HM + 1,00CPL (HA - Peanut forage height, HI - weed species height, AA - Arachis availability, GLA - green leaf availability of Marandu grass, HB - marandugrass sward height, CPL - CP of leaves of marandugrass).