Fernando Miranda de Vargas Junior

Propriedades físicas e sensoriais da carne suína PSE

The work was carried out to evaluate the physical and sensory characteristics of PSE pork, their correlations and damages caused to the industry because of its occurrence. In a commercial slaughterhouse has measured the pH of carcasses (n = 1601) at 45 minutes post mortem (pH45), classified them into PSE (pH45 < 5.8) or normal (pH45 5.8). After 24 hours of cooling were collected the samples from the Longissimus dorsi muscle of the 26 normal and 26 PSE carcasses that were evaluated for color (L*, a*, b*), exudate loss, cooking loss, shear force, sensory attributes (tenderness, juiciness and flavor) and centesimal composition. Were evaluated the correlations between the physical and sensory parameters. The final pH, cooking loss, shear force and centesimal composition did not differ between the types of meat. The exudate loss was 39% higher for the PSE meat. The pH45 was negatively correlated with L* (R= -0.331) and b* (R = -0.528). The juiciness was positively correlated with flavor (r = 0.436) and tenderness (R = 0.297) and negatively with cooking loss (R = -0.326). The shear force was positively correlated with exudate loss (R = 0.529) and negatively with tenderness (R = -0.767). The estimated loss due to the occurrence of PSE meat were of R

Desempenho e características qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento alimentados com dietas contendo soja grão ou gordura protegida

340,800.00 per year. The PSE meat show negative changes in the functional and sensory properties, almost all related to reducing its water holding capacity, causing considerable losses to the processing industry.

Influence of genotype on the quality of sheep leather

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Santa Ines lambs, finished in feedlot, fed diets containing 60% concentrate and enriched with soybean grain or with protected fat. The concentrates were composed with soybean meal, corn, wheat meal, urea, mineral mixture, soybean grain or protected fat. Tifton-85 hay was used as roughage. It was used 24 lambs with approximately 19.30 ± 1.77 kg and at average age of five months. The animals were housed in individual pens for a period of 105 days (21 days of adaptation and 84 days of experimental period). The animals were weighed at the beginning of the experimental period and at every 28-day interval aiming at following weight gains in the animals. When the experiment finished, the animals were slaughtered for measurements on carcasses and assassement of quantitative characteristics. After cooling carcasses for 24 hours, samples were taken from the loin for meat quality analysis. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates. Animals fed protected fed presented better feed conversion (4.80 and 4.06, respectively). Diets enriched with soybean grain or protected fat do not promote significant differences on carcass traits and meat quality neither.

Ingestive behavior of Nellore cows and their straightbred or crossbred calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of crossings between sheep breeds on the intrinsic quality of leather. It was used the skins of 36 lambs (18 females and 18 males), resulting from crosses between ewes of a native breed from the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul and rams of the same native breed as well as the Texel and Santa Ines genetic groups. The animals were raised in confinement until slaughter weight, from 28 to 32 kg. After slaughter, samples were taken from the skins for histological analysis. The skins were tanned with chromium, retanned and greased. It was taken from the leather samples for electromicrographs and for tests for tensile and tear strength (intrinsic quality). Morphological aspects from the skin as well as from the leather help to understand the results found and they evidence that breeds or crossings among breeds interfere in the intrinsic quality of leather and skin of sheep.

Reproductive efficiency of Nellore cows nursing Nellore or crossbred Simmental × Nellore calves

This trial aimed to investigate the influence of calf genetic group on the ingestive behavior of Nellore dams and their offspring on pasture. Twenty one primiparous and multiparous Nellore cows were assigned to the experiment; 13 cows nursed straightbred Nellore calves; and eight cows nursed halfbred Simmental × Nellore calves. The observations started in the morning, as soon as identification of the animals in daylight was possible, and they lasted until after sunset, when identification became impossible. The observations were made at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 30 weeks after calving. The following events were continuosly observed: grazing, rumination, idleness, water and mineral intake, and suckling frequency and length.. The dams of straightbreds showed a shorter rumination time and longer idleness. Nellore calves showed shorter grazing time and higher suckling frequency. The ingestive behavior of Nellore cows on pasture is affected by the genetic group of their offspring, possibly because of the suckling frequency of the calves.

Voluntary intake of dry matter and performance of Nellore cows and their Nellore and crossbred Simental × Nellore calves

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of genetic group (GG) of the calf during gestation, mobilization of body reserves and period of postpartum anestrus in Nellore cows. Thirty-seven primiparous and multiparous cows were used: 24 gave birth to Nellore (NEL), and 13 gave birth to ½ Simmental × ½ Nellore (SIM) calves. According to the date of calving, cows were divided into three blocks, with intervals of 20 days between blocks. The body condition (BC) of the cows was estimated subjectively on a scale from 0 to 5 points, with intermediate grading of 0.5 points. We measured the thickness of subcutaneous fat (SF) between the 12th and 13th ribs and rump by ultrasound. Blood samples from each cow were collected weekly from the third week after birth until weaning, to analyze the level of progesterone; in the samples collected until 16 weeks postpartum, we analyzed the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). The gestation period of mothers of NEL calves was eight days longer, on average. The variables relating to the mobilization of body reserves (NEFA, BC and SF) were not influenced by calf GG, with the only significant effects being the number of days postpartum, with a peak in the concentration of NEFA between the sixth and eighth weeks and linear decrease in BC and NF. Mothers of NEL calves remained in anestrus for 4.6 weeks longer than the mothers of crossbred calves.

Biometria testicular de ovinos Pantaneiros alimentados com níveis crescentes de glicerina bruta na dieta

This study aimed to investigate the influence of calf genetic group on the performance of Nellore lactating cows. The variables studied included milk ingestion, pasture intake, calf weight gain and cow body weight. A total of 13 Nellore calves and 8 crossbred Simental × Nellore calves were used, all born from Nellore mothers. During the experimental period of 210 days, calves were weighted at birth and at 30-day intervals, whereas cows were weighed every 14 days. Milk intake was estimated using the weigh-suckle-weigh method. Pasture intake was determined 6, 12, and 24 weeks after birth by using chromic oxide as an external marker and indigestible acid detergent fiber as an internal marker. Average weight of crossbred calves was 10.1 kg and their milk intake was 0.42 kg higher than in purebred calves. There was no difference, however, in pasture intake between genetic groups. In Nellore cows, body weight and pasture consumption (9.2 kg of DM/cow/day) were not influenced by calf heterosis.

Effect of legume hay on the performance of suckling calves

Objective to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of levels of crude Glycerin in the feeding of lambs in the biometric characteristics and testicular histological. 24 lambs were neutered, not confined with 93.79 ± 5.73 days of age and body weight of 20.22 ± 2.84 kg. The treatments tested were: 0; 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5% of crude Glycerin injection in dry matter of diet in place of maize. The animals were slaughtered using the criteria in body condition score of 2.5 to 3.5 on a scale ranging from 1 to 5, and the variables evaluated were the initial weight, final weight, hot carcass weight, fat cover thickness, body condition, and the biometric parameters: testicular weight, scrotal perimeter in the scrotum, testicle weight left and right volume of right and left testicle, testicular testicular length width, seminiferous tubule diameter and height of germinal epithelium. There was no significant influence of crude Glycerin levels on any of the variables analyzed, also there was no correlation between the features assessed with body condition. Positive correlations were observed between hot carcass weight and fat thickness (r=0,57, p= p<0,05)). There was positive correlation (r=0,55, p= p<0,05)) between scrotal perimeter and body weight. The tubule diameter (r=0,47, p=p<0,05) and height of the seminiferous epithelium (r=0,62, p=p<0,05) were correlated with testicular volume. The inclusion of increasing levels of crude Glycerin in the feeding of lambs Pantaneiros, did not influence the biometric characteristics and testicular histometrics of animals.

Influência do processamento do grão de milho na digestibilidade de rações e no desempenho de bezerros

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of suckling calves fed diets with and without legume hay. The experimental period was of 60 days, with solid food being offered ad libitum and available from the 10 th day of the life of the animal, and milk in natura restricted to 4 litres per day, divided into two equal meals. The following diets were evaluated: concentrated feed, concentrated feed and leucaena hay (Leucaena leucocephala Lam. De Wit) and concentrated feed with alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.). Fifteen Girolando animals were used, distributed over three treatments in an unbalanced random block design. The parameters under evaluation were: initial body weight (at birth - IBW), final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), wither height (HW), croup height (HC), thoracic perimeter (PT), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion (FC). No difference was seen in animal performance in relation to the treatments, with averages of 32.9 (+2.9) kg, 67.7 (+1.2) kg, 0.58 (+0.02) kg, 13.1 (+0.5) cm, 13.7 ( +0.3) cm, 20.6 ( +0.7) cm, 0.46 ( +0.1) and 0.79 kg ( +0.1) for the parameters IBW, FBW, ADG, HW, HC, PT, DMI and FC respectively. The nutritional requirements of suckling calves are met by supplying milk and concentrated feed; there being no need to include legume hay in the diet.

Different physiological stages and breeding systems related to the variability of meat quality of indigenous Pantaneiro sheep

The effect of corn grain processing (whole, treated with urea, or crushed forms) on the digestibility of diets and performance in early weaned calves kept in feedlot was evaluated. The diet was formulated with silage sorghum as forage in 40:60 forage to concentrate ratio (%DM). Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, gross energy and starch, fecal pH and DM intake were evaluated in an assay using six 7-mo castrated calves. Treatment effect on animal performance was evaluated in an assay using 15 non-castrated calves with ages similar to those of the digestibility assay, with initial 159 kg BW. The corn grain processing did not affect the evaluated characteristics, except for fecal pH, that was lower in the animals fed diet with crushed corn grain.