José Carlos da Silveira Osório

Produção de Carne em Cordeiros Cruza Border Leicester com Ovelhas Corriedale e Ideal

O estudo objetivou oferecer informacoes sobre a morfologia (in vivo e na carcaca), caracteristicas comerciais, componentes do peso vivo, qualidade da carcaca e da carne em cordeiros nao castrados cruzas de Border Leicester com ovelhas Corriedale e Ideal, criados em condicoes de campo nativo no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, 11 procedentes do cruzamento de Border x Corriedale e 13 de Border Leicester x Ideal, sacrificados com 6,5 meses de idade. Foi verificado um efeito entre os cruzamentos para a perda ao resfriamento (em kg e %), peso e percentagem da pele, peso e percentagem do pescoco e capacidade de retencao de agua. Igualmente, foi verificado que ha diferenca no desenvolvimento relativo dos componentes do peso vivo, composicao regional da carcaca e composicao tecidual da paleta entre os cordeiros Border Leicester x Corriedale e Border Leicester x Ideal e, dentro de cada genotipo verificou-se uma diferenca quantitativa e qualitativa entre a paleta e a perna. As diferenca quanto a qualidade da carcaca e carne nao apresentam importância pratica que justifique uma diferenciacao do produto; porem, a comercializacao deve ser com base no peso de carcaca fria e nao com base no peso vivo ou carcaca quente. A paleta e mais precoce que a perna em ambos grupos geneticos.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 2. Componentes do peso vivo

Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castrated at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonoplus qffinis Chase) in the Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedloted during one week and each lamb was daily fed 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to compare their live weight as a total and its components. Live weight was influenced by genotypes. This effect might not be observed in absolute numbers, but in percentage (head), or vice-versa, as shown by heart, lungs and liver. The Texel breed showed higher absolute values as compared to Merino. Polwarth, Corriedale and Romney Marsh. Percentualy, this superiority was only observed in carcass. Merino and Polwarth showed higher skin percentage, as compared to other breeds.Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castrated at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonoplus qffinis Chase) in the Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedloted during one week and each lamb was daily fed 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to compare their live weight as a total and its components. Live weight was influenced by genotypes. This effect might not be observed in absolute numbers, but in percentage (head), or vice-versa, as shown by heart, lungs and liver. The Texel breed showed higher absolute values as compared to Merino. Polwarth, Corriedale and Romney Marsh. Percentualy, this superiority was only observed in carcass. Merino and Polwarth showed higher skin percentage, as compared to other breeds.

Componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros da raça Corriedale

In order to obtain subsidies to a retail system based on the whole animal, this study compares the weight of live components of lambs, male (castrated) and female, of the Corriedale breed, at three different slaughter ages. Animais were raised under range conditions on native pasture, at Acegua region, Bage county in southern Brazil. Sixteen lambs (60) bom in August 1994 and slaughtered twenty at a time (10 males + 10 females), choosing always the heaviest ones, at the following ages: 03/04/95, 08/05/95 and 05/05/95. There was a siaughtering time effect upon live weight and its components. In absoluto values (kg) slaughtering time influenced live weight, carcass weight, green viscera, head, legs, lungs with trachea, hearth and kidneys. It carne out that animais slaughtered in the first group (April) showed a heavier live and carcass weight than those slaughtered in the second group (May) and these were heavier than the ones slaughtered in the third group (June). The heaviest lambs, with exception of the hearth, showed higher weights of their body components. There was a sex effect too, upon live weight, green viscera, head, legs, tiver and kidneys. In either, absoluto or percentile values, males were heavier than females. It is concluded that slaughter time and sex of the individuais are elements to be considered to obtain uniform carcasses. an importam aspect to retail and acceptance by the consumer.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 3. Perdas e morfologia

Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth. Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castradet at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (EMBRAPA), Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedioted during one week and each lamb was daily fed with 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to quantify and compare in vivo and carcass tosses and morphology. Liveweight (with and without a fasting period) was influenced by genotype. However, Merino, Polwarth and Corriedale live weight were not different among themselves, but lower than Romney Marsh lambs, which by their turn, were lower than Texel animals live weight. Fasting losses was significantiy affected when compared in absolute numbers (kg), bui not percentually. Highest tosses were observed in Texel breed lambs followed by Romney Marsh, whereas Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino didnot differ among themselves. Live weight carcass yield were significantly influenced by genotype. Heavier lambs showed superior carcass yield. Texel animals showed superior in vivo and in the carcass morphology, along wilh better conformation, body condition and body and carcass capacity, as cpmpared to other breeds.

Morfologia, características da carcaça e componentes do peso vivo em borregos Corriedale e Ideal

The objective of this study was to compare Corriedale and Polwarth breeds as to morphologic and carcass characteristics, as well as, to evaluate liveweight and liveweight components variation. Forty wethers (castrated at 30 days of age), were used (19 Polwarth and 21 Corriedale), weaned at 70 days, and slaughtered with one year of age. Animals were raised under extensive native pasture conditions at Embrapa Pecuaria Sul - CPPSUL, Bage, RS. Laboratory measurements were carried out at the Animal Science Department of Universidade Federal de Pelotas, in Pelotas, RS. Corriedale breed showed higher values (P 0.05). Corriedale breed presented higher slaughtering weight and higher hot carcass weight. Polwarth showed lower cooling losses, both in weight and percentage (P 0.05). Corriedale wethers presented higher weight for feet and lungs and lower weight for internal fat. In relative values, Polwarth wethers showed higher proportion of liver and internal fat. It is concluded that morphological differences are observed only in live animals. Liveweight components showed quantitative and qualitative differences for both breeds.

Componentes do peso vivo em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth e cruzas Texel x Polwarth

O estudo teve por objetivo comparar e quantificar o peso vivo ao abate e seus componentes em cordeiros e borregos Polwarth (Ideal) com cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Foram sacrificados 59 cordeiros com 116 dias de idade, sendo 40 Polwarth (21 machos e 19 femeas) e 19 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth (7 machos e 12 femeas) e 24 borregos com 450 dias de idade, sendo 14 Polwarth e 10 cruzas de Texel x ovelhas Polwarth. Os animais foram criados em condicoes extensivas de campo nativo ao sul do Brasil (Pelotas-RS) e castrados aos 30 dias de idade. Em termos de valores absolutos, para peso vivo e seus componentes, nao se detectaram diferencas significativas entre cordeiros puros e cruzas; para borregos, verificou-se que os cruzas apresentaram maiores pesos (peso vivo ao abate, carcaca quente e fria, cabeca, pulmoes com traqueia, figado, gordura renal e pelvica e rins). Em valores percentuais, foram verificados efeitos significativos entre puros e cruzas, somente em cordeiros, para pele e pulmoes com traqueia e, um efeito de sexo para patas e figado. Os resultados evidenciaram que o cruzamento entre ovelhas Polwarth com Texel, para aumento da producao de carne em condicoes extensivas de campo nativo, e viavel em borregos (maior idade e peso) e nao para cordeiros.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 1. Crescimento e desenvolvimento

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (CPPSUL) of EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, during 1994/95 with male lambs of the Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds, bom and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by de Paspalum notatum Flugge e Axonopus affinis Chase). Growth and development up to slaughtering at 7.5 months were evaluated. After weaning, besides the native pasture, all lambs (10 per breed) werefed with a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis (200 g/lamb/day), until the slaughtering age. The results showed that birth weight of breeds was similar (P>0.05); however, the liveweight at weaning and the liveweights after weaning of both Texel and Romney Marsh lambs were greater than those of Corriedale, Polwart and Merino lambs. They showed liveweights always similar. The first fourty five days after weaning, lambs of Texel, Romney Marsh and Polwarth breeds showed greater food conversion. In all genotypes, liveweight gains after 5.5 months of age had no importam contribution (in relation to time) to the slaughtering weight.

Qualidade de carcaça, desenvolvimento regional e tecidual de cordeiros terminados em três sistemas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of finishing systems on natural pasture and gender on the carcass quality, parts and tissue development of lambs. Forty-five non-castrated males and forty-five females were distributed in a completely randomized design into three treatments: lamb with mother kept on pasture; weaned lamb kept on pasture and weaned lamb kept on pasture with supplementation (soybean hulls at 1% of body weight). The criteria for slaughter was body condition score (2.0 - 3.0). The carcass characteristics and parts composition were influenced by the sex. The finishing system with supplementation promoted greater carcass yield and longer leg length. The tissue composition was different only for the sex, with the males presenting bigger amount of muscle mass. The allometric growth of shoulder of supplemented lambs and the shoulder and leg of the lambs with mother had been precocious, while the ribs of the supplemented lambs and lambs with the mother were late and the other components had growth similar to the half-carcass. For the females, only shoulder of lambs finished with mother presented precocious growth, being isogonic for the other cuts. The finished systems evaluated demonstrated that Texel × Corrierdale lambs slaughtered with similar body condition score present similar carcass quality. The development is influenced by the termination system and sex. The quali-quantitative characteristics of the carcass were influenced by the sex. The development of the regional components of the males are influenced by the finishing system. Nevertheless, the tissu components are not influenced by the finishing system or gender.

Influência do sexo e do sistema de terminação de cordeiros Texel × Corriedale na qualidade da carcaça e da carne

Neste trabalho o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do sexo e do sistema de terminacao de cordeiros Texel × Corriedale sobre as caracteristicas subjetivas da carcaca e as medidas instrumentais e quimicas da carne. Foram utilizados 90 animais, 45 deles cordeiros machos nao-castrados e 45 femeas, mantidos em pastagem com a mae ate o desmame (70 dias); e terminados em tres sistemas de producao: apenas pastagem; mantidos na pastagem com a mae e pastagem com suplementacao (casca de soja em nivel correspondente a 1% do peso vivo dos cordeiros). Apos o abate dos animais, as carcacas foram armazenadas em câmara fria (1oC, 24 horas) para medidas de pH, marmoreio, estado de engorduramento, cor e textura. Na sequencia, foi retirado o musculo longissimus dorsi da meia-carcaca, para a analise instrumental e quimica. A analise de variância e o teste de Tukey foram utilizados para comparacao da media a 5% de significância. Nao ocorreu interacao de sexo e sistema de terminacao dos animais nas caracteristicas avaliadas na carcaca. Igualmente, nao ocorreu interacao entre sexo e sistema de terminacao, porem os fatores isolados tiveram efeito significativo na forca de cisalhamento e nos teores de umidade e gordura. A carne dos machos e dos animais terminados mantidos com a mae apresentam maior resistencia a forca de cisalhamento e maior umidade, porem menor teor de gordura.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 6. Desenvolvimento relativo

The aim of the present work was to study the relative development of liveweight components, regional composition and tissue composition of shoulder and hindquarter in Australian Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lamb. The study was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros of EMBRAPA (CPPSUL/EMBRAPA), located in Bage, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fifty lambs, ten of each breed, were used, born and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture. After weaning, they were fed with a concentrate (200g/lamb/day), containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis, which was offered in confinement until one week. After this, they were put onto paddoks and slaughtered at 7.5 months of age. The study on the relative development of liveweight was done by using the equation: Y = a . xb. The genotype had an effect on the relative development of liveweight components, and both regional composition and tissue composition. By increasing the liveweight, there was proportional increase in the hot carcass weight in Australian Merino, Romney Marsh and Texel breeds. In Polwarths and Corriedales, the development of both traits was similar. The liveweight components in all genotypes were non significant with exception of head in Romney Marsh and Texel lambs, which showed a late development, and of spleen in Australian Merino lambs, which showed a late development. Related to cold carcass, the neck region had an early development in Corriedale and Romney Marsh lambs, while the rack was late in Romney Marsh lambs. Other cuts showed a similar development in all genotypes. Based on the results of this work, it can be stated that the slaughtery weight of lambs is influenced by genotype.