Gabriela Morgado de Oliveira Coelho

Are female athletes at increased risk for disordered eating and its complications

The purpose of the study was to make a systematic review and describe and confront recent studies that compare the presence of disordered eating and its complications in young female athletes and controls subjects - PubMed, Scielo, Medline, ScienceDirect, WILEY InterScience, Lilacs and Cochrane were the databases used for this review. Out of 169 studies 22 were selected and 11,000 women from 68 sports were studied. The short version of the EAT was the most common instrument used to track disordered eating. Results showed that 55% found no significant difference in the percentage of disordered eating between athletes and controls. Also a higher percentage of studies reported higher frequency of menstrual dysfunction in athletes than controls and finally 50% of the studies found incidence of low bone mass in controls. Not all the studies that investigated all the conditions in the triad, but the authors concluded that it seemed that athletes were in more severe stage of this disorder. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a definitive conclusion about the groups and at highest risk for disordered eating and its complications remains to be elucidated.

The prevalence of disordered eating and possible health consequences in adolescent female tennis players from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of disordered eating and possible health consequences in adolescent female tennis players. This cross-sectional controlled study investigated the pubertal development (Tanner stages); body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry-DXA); dietary intake (food record); presence of disordered eating (EAT-26, BITE and BSQ); menstrual status (questionnaire) and bone mineral density (DXA). The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) was divided into two severity stages. The study included 45 adolescents (24 athletes and 21 controls) at some pubertal developmental stage. The athletes exhibited better body composition profiles. We found that 91.7%, 33.3% and 25% of athletes and 71.4%, 9.5% and 33.3% of controls met criteria for disordered eating and/or low energy availability, menstrual irregularities and low bone mass, respectively. A greater percentage of athletes than controls presented with 1 and 2 FAT components (stage I), and 4.2% presented with the full syndrome. In conclusion, tennis players appear to present with more severe disorders than controls and should be monitored to avoid damage to their performance and health.

Prevention of eating disorders in female athletes.

Eating disorders are serious mental diseases that frequently appear in female athletes. They are abnormal eating behaviors that can be diagnosed only by strict criteria. Disordered eating, although also characterized as abnormal eating behavior, does not include all the criteria for diagnosing eating disorders and is therefore a way to recognize the problem in its early stages. It is important to identify factors to avoid clinical progression in this high-risk population. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss critical information for the prevention of eating disorders in female athletes. This review discusses the major correlates for the development of an eating disorder. We also discuss which athletes are possibly at highest risk for eating disorders, including those from lean sports and female adolescent athletes. There is an urgent need for the demystification of myths surrounding body weight and performance in sports. This review includes studies that tested different prevention programs’ effectiveness, and the majority showed positive results. Educational programs are the best method for primary prevention of eating disorders. For secondary prevention, early identification is essential and should be performed by preparticipation exams, the recognition of dietary markers, and the use of validated self-report questionnaires or clinical interviews. In addition, more randomized clinical trials are needed with athletes from multiple sports in order for the most reliable recommendations to be made and for some sporting regulations to be changed.

Effect of Dietetic Intervention in Brazilian Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

The study aim was to investigate the effects of individualized dietary intervention in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. In this randomized and controlled clinical trial, a total of 55 women 40-65 years old presenting metabolic syndrome diagnosis were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups (50.9%). The intervention group received individualized diets prescribed by nutritionists. Participants were assessed at baseline moment (M0) and after a 16 weeks period (M1) for anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary parameters. The Student’s t-test was applied for independent and dependent numerical variables. It was hypothesized that postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome obtaining dietary intervention would show improvement in the assessed parameters. At M0 there was no significant difference in all parameters between groups, demonstrating homogeneity samples. Yet, at M1, the intervention group showed statistical significant differences: decline in body weight (−3.5 kg), body mass index (−0.3 kg/m2), waist circumference (−4.1 cm), and systolic (−7.6 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.6 mmHg); reductions in plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDLcholesterol; as well as increase of HDL-cholesterol and decrease in habitual consumption of energy and dietary lipids. Regarding diet quality, we observed increase of fish, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables consumption; and decrease of butter, margarine, sweets, soft drinks, and fast food consumption. In contrast, the control group showed no improvement in any of these parameters; quite the contrary, they even showed significant weight gain (+0.6 kg). The intervention group had 18.5% reversal rate in metabolic syndrome diagnosis, showing that individualized nutrition care was effective in controlling the metabolic syndrome.

Validação de um questionário de atitude em relação à soja e seus derivados com clientes da alimentação coletiva

OBJETIVO: Validar um questionario para verificar a atitude de clientes da Alimentacao Coletiva em relacao a soja e seus derivados. METODOS: A elaboracao do questionario valeu-se de escala de Likert de cinco pontos. As validacoes foram realizadas com clientes de duas unidades de alimentacao e nutricao, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a primeira uma empresa grafica e a segunda uma empresa de confeccoes. A validacao interna valeu-se do coeficiente de Cronbach para medir confiabilidade. Aplicou-se o teste de normalidade as matrizes de escores para cada item. A constatacao do comportamento dos escores nao Gausiano indicou utilizacao da correlacao de Spearman (r) para discriminar itens. Como criterio de exclusao foi definido r negativo ou proximo de zero. A validacao externa foi realizada entre o confronto das matrizes representadas pelas medias dos escores de cada item. Utilizou-se a razao dos desvios-padrao para avaliar a concordância relativa, considerando-se a associacao entre as matrizes resultantes da aplicacao do questionario nas duas unidades de alimentacao e nutricao. RESULTADOS: Participaram da validacao 45 e 90 clientes das duas unidades de alimentacao e nutricao, respectivamente. O procedimento aplicado na unidade de alimentacao e nutricao da empresa grafica indicou a retirada de 3 itens dentre os 20 itens originais. O questionario resultante foi replicado na unidade de alimentacao e nutricao da empresa de confeccao, sem indicacao de exclusao de itens. O coeficiente de Cronbach foi 0,92 e 0,91, respectivamente, indicando confiabilidade do instrumento para medir atitude. O confronto entre os escores para cada item entre as unidades gerou a razao de desvio 0,99, que recomenda retirada do item seis, relativo a rotulagem, ou seja, se as informacoes sao suficientemente claras em relacao a soja. CONCLUSAO: O questionario foi validado, tornando-se um instrumento capaz de informar sobre a atitude de clientes da alimentacao coletiva em relacao a soja e seus derivados.

Caffeine Attenuates Decreases in Leg Power Without Increased Muscle Damage.

Abstract Ribeiro, BG, Morales, AP, Sampaio-Jorge, F, Barth, T, de Oliveira, MBC, Coelho, GMdO, and Leite, TC. Caffeine attenuates decreases in leg power without increased muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2354–2360, 2016—Caffeine ingestion has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid in several sports. Caffeine administration may increase exercise capacity, which could lead to a greater degree of muscle damage after exercise. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Six male handball athletes ingested placebo (PLA) or caffeine (CAF) (6 mg·kg−1 body mass) capsules on 2 different occasions. Sixty minutes after ingestion of the capsules, serum CAF levels were evaluated. Thereafter, all participants performed a protocol of vertical jumps (VJs). The protocol consisted of 4 sets of 30 seconds of continuous VJs with 60 seconds of recovery between sets. Blood lactate (LAC) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined before and after the protocol. We found significant differences in serum CAF levels between PLA (0.09 ± 0.18 µg·ml−1) vs. CAF (6.59 ± 4.44 µg·ml−1) (p < 0.001). Caffeine elicited a 5.23% (p ⩽ 0.05) improvement in the leg power compared with PLA. The CAF trial displayed higher LAC (p ⩽ 0.05) compared with PLA (6.26 ± 2.01 vs. 4.39 ± 2.42 mmol·L−1, respectively) after protocol of VJs, whereas no difference in CK was observed between trials (p > 0.05). These results indicate that immediate ingestion of CAF (6 mg·kg−1 body weight) can reduce the level of muscle fatigue and preserve leg power during the test, possibly resulting in increase in LAC. There was no increase in muscle damage, which indicates that immediate administration of (6 mg·kg−1 body weight) CAF is safe. Thus, nutritional interventions with CAF could help athletes withstand a greater physiological overload during high-intensity training sessions. The results of this study would be applicable to sports and activities that require repetitive leg power.

Body Composition and Basal Metabolic Rate in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine which of the seven selected equations used to predict basal metabolic rate most accurately estimated the measured basal metabolic rate. Methods. Twenty-eight adult women with type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric and biochemical variables were measured as well as body composition (by absorptiometry dual X-ray emission) and basal metabolic rate (by indirect calorimetry); basal metabolic rate was also estimated by prediction equations. Results. There was a significant difference between the measured and the estimated basal metabolic rate determined by the FAO/WHO/UNU (P value < 0.021) and Huang et al. (P value ≤ 0.005) equations. Conclusion. The calculations using Owen et als. equation were the closest to the measured basal metabolic rate.

Attitudes of Foodservice Users in Relation to Soybean and its Derivativesin Brazil

The attitudes of Foodservice users towards soybeans and their derivatives were investigated. A Likert scale questionnaire was created based on the proposal by Behrens & Da Silva. Statistical analyses included position and dispersion measures, frequency distribution, normality test, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.96). The questionnaire was answered by 89 workers from the steel industry. The results revealed that soybean consumers do not read labels to identify its presence. When asked about soybean’s nutritional quality, respondents recognized that it has a high protein quantity and that it is a functional food as a hormonal substitute in menopause and a regulator of intestine functions, but they did not recognize its role in bone tissue formation. Because they were unaware of issues related to genetically modified foods, they did not have a formed opinion. It was concluded that Foodservice users from the steel industry are unaware of critical facts that determine the purchase of soybean and its derivatives.

The Effect of Individualized Dietary Intervention in Anthropometric Profile Improvement and Metabolic Control of Sedentary Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes in Brazil

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized dietary intervention on nutritional diagnosis and metabolic control in sedentary subjects with type 2-diabetes. Materials and Methods: This controlled clinical trial, investigated 80 adults, of both sexes, divided into intervention group (IG: 40 individuals with dietary intervention and hypoglycemic drug) and control group (CG: 40 individuals with hypoglycemic drug). Individualized dietary intervention was conducted, for 3 months, based on the American Diabetes Association (2002). We evaluated anthropometric variables: total body mass (TBM) and height to calculate body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC); biochemical variables: blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); and dietary variables: energy, macronutrients, cholesterol and fibers. For inferential statistics two-way ANOVA was used with significant level of 95%. Results: In the inter group analysis, the CG showed significant increase in TBM (Δ%=0.78), BMI (Δ%=0.76), WC (Δ%=0.75); whereas IG showed significant decrease in TBM (Δ%=-3.71), BMI (Δ%=-3.77), WC (Δ%=-3.98). In comparing the mean RI inter groups, there was significant difference in energy, lipids, saturated fats, cholesterol, fibers; blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HbA1c. Conclusions: The individualized dietary intervention was efficient in the improvement of anthropometric and biochemical variables of sedentary individuals with type 2 diabetes.