Gilmário Ricarte Batista

Does a resistance exercise session with continuous or intermittent blood flow restriction promote muscle damage and increase oxidative stress

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the effect of low-load resistance exercise (LLRE) with continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction (BFR) on the creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) and uric acid (UA) levels in military men. The study included 10 recreationally trained men aged 19 ± 0.82 years who underwent the following experimental protocols in random order on separate days (72–96 h): 4 LLRE sessions at a 20% 1RM (one-repetition maximum [1RM]) with continuous BFR (LLRE + CBFR); 4 LLRE sessions at 20% 1RM with intermittent BFR (LLRE + IBFR) and 4 high-intensity resistance exercise (HIRE) sessions at 80% 1RM. The CK and LDH (markers of muscle damage) levels were measured before exercise (BE), 24 h post-exercise and 48 h post-exercise, and the PC, TBARS and UA (markers of oxidative stress) levels were measured BE and immediately after each exercise session. There was a significant increase in CK in the HIRE 24 post-exercise samples compared with the LLRE + CBFR and LLRE + IBFR (P = 0.035, P = 0.036, respectively), as well as between HIRE 48 post-exercise and LLRE + CBFR (P = 0.049). Additionally, there was a significant increase in CK in the LLRE + CBFR samples BE and immediately after each exercise (Δ = 21.9%) and in the HIRE samples BE and immediately after each exercise, BE and 24 post-exercise, and BE and 48 post-exercise (Δ values of 35%, 177.6%, and 177.6%, respectively). However, there were no significant changes in LDH, PC, TBARS, and UA between the protocols (P > 0.05). Therefore, a physical exercise session with continuous or intermittent BFR did not promote muscle damage; moreover, neither protocol seemed to affect the oxidative stress markers.

The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women

Water-based exercise and low-intensity exercise in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) are two methods that have independently been shown to improve muscle strength in those of advancing age. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of water-based exercise in combination with BFR on maximum dynamic strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Twenty-eight women underwent an 8-week water-based exercise program. The participants were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: (a) water exercise only, (b) water exercise + BFR, or (c) a non-exercise control group. Functional capacity (chair stand test, timed up and go test, gait speed, and dynamic balance) and strength testing were tested before and after the 8-week aquatic exercise program. The main findings were as follows: (1) water-based exercise in combination with BFR significantly increased the lower limb maximum strength which was not observed with water-based exercise alone and (2) water-based exercise, regardless of the application of BFR, increased functional performance measured by the timed up and go test over a control group. Although we used a healthy population in the current study, these findings may have important implications for those who may be contraindicated to using traditional resistance exercise. Future research should explore this promising modality in these clinical populations.

Is Long Term Creatine and Glutamine Supplementation Effective in Enhancing Physical Performance of Military Police Officers

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with creatine and glutamine on physical fitness of military police officers. Therefore, an experimental double blind study was developed, with the final sample composed by 32 men randomly distributed into three groups: a group supplemented with creatine (n=10), glutamine (n=10) and a placebo group (n=12) and evaluated in three distinct moments, in an interval of three months (T1, T2 and T3). The physical training had a weekly frequency of 5 sessions x 90 min, including strength exercises, local muscular resistance, flexibility and both aerobic and anaerobic capacity. After analyzing the effect of time, group and interaction (group x time) for measures that indicated the physical capabilities of the subjects, a significant effect of time for the entire variable was identified (p<0,05). However, these differences were not observed when the univaried intragroups and intergroups analysis was performed (p>0,05). In face of the results it was concluded that supplementation with creatine and glutamine showed no ergogenic effect on physical performance in military police officers.

Hypotensive effects of resistance exercise with continuous and intermittent blood flow restriction

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of low-intensity (LI) resistance exercise (RE) with continuous blood flow restriction (CBFR) and intermittent blood flow restriction (IBFR) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). After a one-repetition maximum test, 10 normotensive recreationally trained men performed three experimental protocols. In the three RE protocols, increases in SBP, DBP, and MAP were observed immediately after exercise, but the effect sizes (ESs) were greater for the LI + CBFR and high-intensity protocols. There were hypotensive effects on SBP, DBP, and MAP in all three protocols; however, the effects on MAP lasted longer for the LI + IBFR and LI + CBFR protocols. These long-lasting hypotensive effects on DBP and MAP occurred in all three protocols. Thus, we conclude that the post exercise hypotensive effects on SBP, DBP, and MAP appear to occur in all three RE protocols, with the effect on SBP being longer in the LI + IBFR and LI + CBFR protocols.

Can Programmed or Self-Selected Physical Activity Affect Physical Fitness of Adolescents?

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the effects of programmed and self-selected physical activities on the physical fitness of adolescents. High school adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years, were divided into two experimental groups: a) a self-selected physical activity group (PAS) with 55 students (aged 15.7 ± 0.7 years), who performed physical activities with self-selected rhythm at the following sports: basketball, volleyball, handball, futsal and swimming; and b) a physical fitness training group (PFT) with 53 students (aged 16.0 ± 0.7 years), who performed programmed physical fitness exercises. Both types of activity were developed during 60 min classes. To assess physical fitness the PROESP-BR protocol was used. The statistical analysis was performed by repeated measures ANOVA. The measurements of pre and post-tests showed significantly different values after PFT in: 9 minute running test, medicine ball throw, horizontal jump, abdominal endurance, running speed and flexibility. After PAS differences were detected in abdominal endurance, agility, running speed and flexibility. The intervention with programmed physical activity promoted more changes in the physical abilities; however, in the self-selected program, agility was improved probably because of the practice of sports. Therefore, physical education teachers can use PFT to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and power of lower and upper limbs and PAS to improve agility of high school adolescents.

QUALIDADE DE VIDA E NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DE TRABALHADORES COM DIFERENTES TEMPOS DE SERVIÇO

Objective: To describe workers’ life quality and physical activity level. Complementarily, the employees’ working time in the company was associated to their physical activity level and compared to their life quality. Materials and Methods: The sample was composed by 375 workers of both genders from a national company of electrical energy in Pernambuco. Then, those workers were subdivided into two groups according to their working time in the company: up to 15 years (n=166) with age mean of 36.08±6.80 years and more than 15 years (n=209) with age mean of 55.37± 5.17 years. Statistical analysis was made using Mann Whitney and Chi-square tests with p less than 0.05. Results: The employees having more working time presented better levels in the physical (p less than 0.05), psychological (p less than 0.01) and environmental (p less than 0.05) domains. The associative analysis between the physical activity level and the working time has revealed that the workers having more working time were more physically actives (X2=4.617; p=0.03). Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the investigated sample has showed satisfactory levels in the quality of life and level of physical activity. As a result contrary to expectations is the fact that workers having more working time in the company have proven to be more physically active, contradicting the findings of the literature. DESCRIPTORS Physical activity. Quality of life. Workers.

COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL E SOMATOTIPO DE ATLETAS DE VOLEIBOL DE PRAIA NOS XV JOGOS PAN-AMERICANOS

The aim of this paper was to compare body composition and somatotype of beach volleyball players by playing position and performance. The sample was composed of 32 players from 16 countries participating in the XV Pan American Games. The players were compared according to their playing position, i.e. middle blocker and defensive specialist. In order to analyze the variables we used the T-test with Bonferroni correction and MANOVA to compute the difference in the somatotype. The physical type of the blockers were classified as mesomorph-endomorph, and the defensive specialists as mesomorph-endomorphic. Analyzing the performance, semifinalist players were shown to be different from players belonging to the last four teams, about physical characteristics. We conclude that the differences found between middle blockers and defensive specialists are due to the requirements of each function in the game. Concerning the performance, we verified that the physical type can be an important determinant for success.

Is there a difference between the lifestyle of hypertensive adults and elderly in the Family Health Program

Consequences of negative lifestyle behaviors may be different between adults and elderly, especially for hypertensive individuals. Therefore, this study compared the lifestyle of a group of hypertensive adults and elderly enrolled in the Family Health Program (FHP) of the city of Patos-PB. In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, 97 hypertensive patients of both sexes were randomly selected from FHPs and divided based on the age into two groups: Adults (<60 years, n= 44) and Elderly (≥60 years, n= 53). Lifestyle was assessed by the Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale (ILPS) composed of five components: Nutrition, Physical Activity, Preventive Behavior, Social Relationship and Stress Control. Each component was classified as negative (≤3 points) or positive (≥4 points). The ILPS scores were compared between the groups by the Mann-Whitney U test. Associations between component profiles and age groups were verified using the Chi-square test. Results showed that the Elderly presented a higher proportion of positive ILPS compared to Adults (P≤ 0.05), respectively, for Nutrition (n= 42, 79.2% vs. n= 26, 59.1%) and for Social Relationship (n= 49, 92.5% vs. n= 34, 77.3%). It is concluded that the Elderly were more conducive to a healthier lifestyle than the Adults. Because both age groups present a predominance of a negative profile in Physical Activity, it is suggested that the subjects adhere to the practice of physical exercise as a non-drug treatment, reducing the risk factors associated with hypertension.

Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in Soccer Athletes Living in a Tropical Humid Region

Background: Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is frequent in asthmatic athletes and, although less prevalent, also occurs in non-asthmatic ones. Breathing warm-humid air reduces this phenomenon.Objective: To evaluate EIB prevalence in semi-professional soccer athletes from a tropical humid region.Methods: We included athletes from a soccer team from the city of Recife-Brazil. A history of asthma or respiratory symptoms after exercise, demographic data and baseline FEV1 measurements were obtained. Thereafter, each athlete performed a standardized free field running to achieve 85% to 95% of the maximum calculated heart rate for the last 6 minutes of a total running time of 8 to 10 minutes. FEV1 was measured again at 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after exercise and EIB was defined as a reduction ≥ 10% from basal values in two consecutive time points. Results: Fifty-four male athletes aged between 13 and 21 years were evaluated. All denied exercise associated respiratory symptoms. Mean temperature and air humidity were 30.2°C ± 2.7°C and 82.1% ± 2.9%, respectively. EIB was found in two (7%) athletes (with a fall in FEV1 from baseline of 23.3% and 22.6%), none with history of asthma symptoms. Two other athletes had a history of asthma symptoms in childhood but no decrease in FEV1. Conclusion: The studied population of semi-professional soccer athletes with no exercise associated respiratory complaints showed a low BIE prevalence (7%). It may be necessary to perform the challenge with the athlete breathing dry air in those that also play in more dry and cold climates.

IMPLICAÇÕES DA REVASCULARIZAÇÃO DO MIOCÁRDIO NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA: TRÊS MESES DE PÓS-OPERATÓRIO

Objective: To verify the implications of myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS) on patients’ quality of life after a three-month postoperative follow-up, with a focus on physical, emotional and social factors that may be altered in these individuals. Material and Methods: A total of 33 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent MRS and phase I cardiovascular rehabilitation, were included in the study. The analysis of patients’ quality of life was carried out in two stages according to a standardized questionnaire (SF-36), which aims to examine the perception of patients on their own health status. Results: When the preoperative period was compared to that of three months after surgery, there was an improvement in all domains covered by the SF-36 questionnaire, excepting for the incapability due to emotional aspects (p-value = 0.920). The improvement was observed particularly in the fields of functional capacity, pain, general health and mental health (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, there was an improvement in the fields of incapability due to physical aspects (p-value = 0.020), vitality (p-value = 0.001) and social aspects (p-value = 0.039). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that myocardial revascularization surgery improves patients’ quality of life. However, one cannot underestimate the influence of phase I rehabilitation on such