Maria do Socorro Cirilo de Sousa

Hypotensive effects of resistance exercises with blood flow restriction.

Abstract Neto, GR, Sousa, MSC, Costa, PB, Salles, BF, Novaes, GS, and Novaes, JS. Hypotensive effects of resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 29(4): 1064–1070, 2015—The effects of low-intensity resistance exercise (RE) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on blood pressure (BP) are an important factor to be considered because of the acute responses imposed by training. The aim of this study was to compare the hypotensive effect of RE performed with and without BFR in normotensive young subjects. After 1 repetition maximum (1RM) tests, 24 men (21.79 ± 3.21 years; 1.72 ± 0.06 m; 69.49 ± 9.80 kg) performed the following 4 experimental protocols in a randomized order: (a) high-intensity RE at 80% of 1RM (HI), (b) low-intensity RE at 20% of 1RM (LI), (c) low-intensity RE at 20% of 1RM combined with partial BFR (LI + BFR), and (d) control. Analysis of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was conducted over a 60-minute period. The 3 RE protocols resulted in hypotensive SBP (HI = −3.8%, LI = −3.3%, LI + BFR = −5.5%) responses during the 60 minutes (p ⩽ 0.05). The LI + BFR protocol promoted hypotensive (−11.5%) responses in DBP during the 60 minutes (p ⩽ 0.05), and both the HI and LI + BFR protocols resulted in mean blood pressure (MBP) hypotension between 30 (−7.0%, −7.7%) and 60 minutes (−3.6%, −8.8%), respectively. In conclusion, postexercise hypotension may occur after all 3 exercise protocols with greater reductions in SBP after HI and LI + BFR, in DBP after LI + BFR, and in MBP after HI and LI + BFR protocols.

Acute resistance exercise with blood flow restriction effects on heart rate, double product, oxygen saturation and perceived exertion

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on heart rate (HR), double product (DP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Twenty‐four men (21·79 ± 3·21 years) performed three experimental protocols in a random order (crossover): (i) high‐intensity RE at 80% of 1RM (HI), (ii) low‐intensity RE at 20% of 1RM (LI) and (iii) low‐intensity RE at 20% of 1RM combined with partial blood flow restriction (LI+BFR). HR, blood pressure, SpO2 and RPE were assessed. The data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon test for RPE. The results indicated that all protocols significantly increased HR, both immediately postexercise and during the subsequent 60 min (P<0·05), and postexercise DP (P<0·05), but there were no differences between protocols. The protocols of LI and LI+BFR reduced postexercise SpO2 (P = 0·033, P = 0·007), and the LI+BFR protocol presented a perception of greater exertion in the lower limbs compared with HI (P = 0·022). We conclude that RE performed at low intensity combined with BFR seems to reduce the SpO2 after exercise and increase HR and DP while maintaining a perception of greater exertion on the lower limbs.

The Acute Effect of Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction with Hemodynamic Variables on Hypertensive Subjects

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the heart rate (HR) before, during and after training at moderate intensity (MI, 50%-1RM) and at low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR). In a randomized controlled trial study, 14 subjects (average age 45±9,9 years) performed one of the exercise protocols during two separate visits to the laboratory. SBP, DBP and HR measurements were collected prior to the start of the set and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after knee extension exercises. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to identify significant variables (2 x 5; group x time). The results demonstrated a significant reduction in SBP in the LIBFR group. These results provide evidence that strength training performed acutely alters hemodynamic variables. However, training with blood flow restriction is more efficient in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive individuals than training with moderate intensity.

Prevalência de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis: impacto de 16 semanas de treinamento futebolístico em índices do estado nutricional e da aptidão física de praticantes de futebol society

The study objective is to identify the prevalence of risk factors (RF) to non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD) in society soccer practitioners and the impact of 16 weeks of soccer training in the nutritional status (NS) and the physical ability index. Methods: Sample: 45 individuals (38.6 ± 7.4 years), divided in two groups: experimental (G1 = 22) and control (G2 = 23). The G1 was submitted to a training program of three sessions by week in alternated days with 90 minutes (min) duration. The G2 participated once a week, in soccer game, with 90 min duration. The research variables contemplated RF for NTCD, anthropometric indicators, biochemical analysis and physical ability index. Data analysis counted on descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 13.0. Results: The major risk factors prevalence’s pointed to: the overweight (65.0%), cancer family history (57.5%) and cardiac disease (55.0%) and hypertriglyceridemia (32.5%). The G1 presented body mass (p = 0.007), waist circumference (p = 0.010), body mass index (p = 0.007) and fat percentage (p = 0.004), reduction, fact no observed in G2. In both of the groups, total cholesterol analysis, triglycerides and fasting glucose, didn’t demonstrative significant reduction during the observation period (p > 0.05). G1 got better indexes of maximum oxygen consumption (p = 0.011), muscular resistance (p = 0.000) and flexibility (p = 0.000), what did not happen in G2. Conclusion: The soccer players presented high prevalence of RF to NTCD. In general terms, G1 got satisfactory changes in NS and physical ability index during 16 weeks period, conditions that weren’t identified in G2.O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalencia de fatores de risco (FR) para doencas cronicas nao-transmissiveis (DCNT) em praticantes de futebol society e o impacto de 16 semanas de treinamento futebolistico em indices do estado nutricional e da aptidao fisica. METODOS: Amostra: 45 individuos (38,6 ± 7,4 anos), divididos em dois grupos: Experimental (G1 = 22) e Controle (G2 = 23). O G1 submeteu-se a um programa de treinamento de tres sessoes semanais em dias alternados com duracao de 90 minutos (min). O G2 participou, uma vez por semana, de jogo de futebol, com duracao de 90 min. As variaveis de investigacao contemplaram FR para DCNT, indicadores antropometricos, analises bioquimicas e da aptidao fisica. A analise dos dados contou com estatistica descritiva e inferencial mediante o SPSS 13.0. RESULTADOS: As maiores prevalencias de FR apontaram para o sobrepeso (65,0%), historia familiar de câncer (57,5%) e cardiopatias (55,0%) e hipertrigliceridemia (32,5%). O G1 apresentou diminuicao na massa corporal (p = 0,007), circunferencia abdominal (p = 0,010), indice de massa corporea (p = 0,007) e percentual de gordura (p = 0,004), fato nao observado no G2. Em ambos os grupos, as analises do colesterol total, triglicerideos e glicose em jejum, nao mostraram diminuicao significativa durante o periodo investigado (p > 0,05). O G1 obteve melhores indices de consumo maximo de oxigenio (p = 0,011), resistencia muscular (p = 0,000) e flexibilidade (p = 0,000), o que nao ocorreu no G2. CONCLUSAO: Os futebolistas apresentaram alta prevalencia de FR para DCNT. Em termos gerais, o G1 obteve mudancas satisfatorias no estado nutricional e na aptidao fisica durante o periodo de 16 semanas, condicao nao identificada no G2.

Effects of High-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Muscle Fatigue

Abstract Strength training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) have been used to improve the levels of muscle adaptation. The aim of this paper was to investigate the acute effect of high intensity squats with and without blood flow restriction on muscular fatigue levels. Twelve athletes (aged 25.95 ± 0.84 years) were randomized into two groups: without Blood Flow Restriction (NFR, n = 6) and With Blood Flow Restriction (WFR, n = 6) that performed a series of free weight squats with 80% 1-RM until concentric failure. The strength of the quadriceps extensors was assessed in a maximum voluntary isometric contraction integrated to signals from the surface electromyogram. The average frequency showed significant reductions in the WFR group for the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles, and intergroup only for the vastus medialis. In conclusion, a set of squats at high intensity with BFR could compromise muscle strength immediately after exercise, however, differences were not significant between groups.

Effect of strength training with blood flow restriction on muscle power and submaximal strength in eumenorrheic women.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training stimulates muscle size and strength by increasing muscle activation, accumulation of metabolites and muscle swelling. This method has been used in different populations, but no studies have evaluated the effects of training on muscle power and submaximal strength (SS) in accounted for the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of strength training (ST) with BFR on the muscle power and SS of upper and lower limbs in eumenorrheic women. Forty untrained women (18–40 years) were divided randomly and proportionally into four groups: (i) high‐intensity ST at 80% of 1RM (HI), (ii) low‐intensity ST at 20% of 1RM combined with partial blood flow restriction (LI + BFR), (iii) low‐intensity ST at 20% of 1RM (LI) and d) control group (CG). Each training group performed eight training sessions. Tests with a medicine ball (MB), horizontal jump (HJ), vertical jump (VJ), biceps curls (BC) and knee extension (KE) were performed during the 1st day follicular phase (FP), 14th day (ovulatory phase) and 26–28th days (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference among groups in terms of the MB, HJ, VJ or BC results at any time point (P>0·05). SS in the KE exercise was significantly greater in the LI + BFR group compared to the CG group (P = 0·014) during the LP. Therefore, ST with BFR does not appear to improve the power of upper and lower limbs and may be an alternative to improve the SS of lower limbs of eumenorrheic women.

Treinamento de sobrecarga muscular não afeta o diâmetro das principais veias dos membros inferiores em mulheres adultas com insuficiência venosa

Physical exercise can promote benefits in the functionality of the venous system. However, in the strength training context, contraindication concerning its practice is observed, since it can be related to worsening of venous dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of resistance exercises practice on venous diameter of physical inactivity women with chronic lower limb venous insufficiency. METHODS: Twenty-two women with age between 21 and 58 years (34.27 ± 12 years) were randomized divided in two groups: experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 10). The resistance training was carried out over a period of 16 weeks and the venous diameter measurements were determined at the left lower limb Great and Small saphenous veins by a color Eco- Doppler. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine the modifications in veins diameter between groups and training moments (pre and post) (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant alterations were not found in smaller saphenous vein diameter (upper, medium and lower points: p = 0.80; 0.32 and 0.20, respectively), great saphenous vein on leg level (p = 0.17; 0.74 and 0.96) and great saphenous vein on thigh level (p = 0.57; 0.67 and 0.52). CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise practice can be considered a treatment or intervention since it does not promote changes on the venous diameter of the venous system of women with chronic lower limb venous insufficiency.

The Effect of a Long-Term, Community-Based Exercise Program on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based exercise program on bone mineral density and body composition in postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Twenty postmenopausal women (aged 61.3 ± 6.0 years) with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to a community-based exercise program group (n=10) or a control group (n=10). The community-based exercise program was multicomponent, three days per week for 32 weeks, and included walking, resistance and aquatic exercises. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured pre and post-training by dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the exercise group significant increases were found in the ward’s triangle bone mineral density (+7.8%, p=0.043), and in fat-free mass (+2.4%, p=0.018). The findings suggest that regular multicomponent training is effective in preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

The effects of water-based exercise in combination with blood flow restriction on strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women

Water-based exercise and low-intensity exercise in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) are two methods that have independently been shown to improve muscle strength in those of advancing age. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of water-based exercise in combination with BFR on maximum dynamic strength and functional capacity in post-menopausal women. Twenty-eight women underwent an 8-week water-based exercise program. The participants were randomly allocated to one of the three groups: (a) water exercise only, (b) water exercise + BFR, or (c) a non-exercise control group. Functional capacity (chair stand test, timed up and go test, gait speed, and dynamic balance) and strength testing were tested before and after the 8-week aquatic exercise program. The main findings were as follows: (1) water-based exercise in combination with BFR significantly increased the lower limb maximum strength which was not observed with water-based exercise alone and (2) water-based exercise, regardless of the application of BFR, increased functional performance measured by the timed up and go test over a control group. Although we used a healthy population in the current study, these findings may have important implications for those who may be contraindicated to using traditional resistance exercise. Future research should explore this promising modality in these clinical populations.

Is Long Term Creatine and Glutamine Supplementation Effective in Enhancing Physical Performance of Military Police Officers

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of supplementation with creatine and glutamine on physical fitness of military police officers. Therefore, an experimental double blind study was developed, with the final sample composed by 32 men randomly distributed into three groups: a group supplemented with creatine (n=10), glutamine (n=10) and a placebo group (n=12) and evaluated in three distinct moments, in an interval of three months (T1, T2 and T3). The physical training had a weekly frequency of 5 sessions x 90 min, including strength exercises, local muscular resistance, flexibility and both aerobic and anaerobic capacity. After analyzing the effect of time, group and interaction (group x time) for measures that indicated the physical capabilities of the subjects, a significant effect of time for the entire variable was identified (p<0,05). However, these differences were not observed when the univaried intragroups and intergroups analysis was performed (p>0,05). In face of the results it was concluded that supplementation with creatine and glutamine showed no ergogenic effect on physical performance in military police officers.