Gladstone Brumano

Composição química e energética de alguns alimentos para frangos de corte em duas idades

This experiment was carried out to determine of the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) and to determine of the chemical composition of some feeds. The traditional method of total excreta collection was used with male broilers chickens in the period from 21 to 30 days old and 41 to 50 days old. The birds were distributed to a completely randomized experimental design, with eleven diets, ten with tested feeds and one reference diet, and each diet with six replications and six and four birds per experimental unit. The following feeds were studied: broken rice, whole rice meal, corn, sorghum, wheat bran, soybean meal, peanut meal, and cottonseed meal, 28%CP, and two sugarcane yeast (40 and 43% CP). The values of AMEn (kcal/kg as fed), in the first and second experimental periods were, respectively, for sugarcane yeast 40% CP: 2.395 and 2.483, for sugarcane yeast 43% CP: 2.626 and 2.726, for soybean meal: 2.202 and 2.306, for cottonseed meal 28% CP: 1.605 and 1.786: for peanut meal: 2.155 and 2.471, for wheat bran: 1.683 e 1.877, for sorghum: 3.165 and 3.364, for corn: 3.351 and 3.524, for whole rice meal: 2.446 and 2.650 and for the broken rice: 3.138 and 3.278. All values of AME and AMEn, for al feeds, were higher in second experimental period, showing that, with advancing of the age, birds improve the utilization of feeds.

Composição química e valores de energia metabolizável de alimentos protéicos determinados com frangos de corte em diferentes idades

The chemical composition and the metabolizable energy values of ten protein feedstuffs fed to broilers at different ages were evaluated. The traditional method of total feces collection was used to determine the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen (AMEn), in male broilers in the periods from 21 to 30 (first period) and from 41 to 50 (second period) days of age. The experiment was analyzed as a complete randomized design with 10 treatments, six replicates and six (first trial) and four poultry (second trial) per pen. The following feedstuffs were evaluated: cottonseed meal, corn gluten meal, soybean protein concentrate, two meat and bone meals, fish meal, full fat poultry by-product meal, two spray-dried plasma and erythrocytes. The AMEn (kcal/kg) values on as-fed basis in the first and second experimental periods were as follows: cottonseed meal, 1,963 and 2,461; corn gluten meal, 3,608 and 4,013; soybean protein concentrate, 2,043 and 2,155; meat and bone meal 36%, 1,249 and 1,573; meat and bone meal 45%, 1,391 and 1,766; fish meal, 3,055 and 3,077; full fat poultry by-product meal, 2,990 and 3,172; spray-dried plasma 70%, 2,673 and 2,730; spray-dried plasma 78%, 3,027 and 3,704; and erythrocytes, 2,834 and 3,256. All AME and AMEn meal values obtained in the second period were higher than those obtained in the first one.

Níveis de lisina digestível em rações para poedeiras no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade

The objective of this study wast to determine the requirement of digestible lysine for light-weight laying hens 24 to 40 weeks of age. Two hundred and sixteen Hy-Line W36 light-weight laying hens were allotted to a randomized complete blocks with six treatments, six blocks and six hens per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet, with 14.54% crude protein, deficient in digestible lysine (0.545%), supplemented with six levels of L-lysine HCl (78%) 0.00; 0.059; 0.118; 0.177; 0.237 and 0.295%. Considering the digestibility of the lysine to be 97.6%, the amount of L-lysine. HCl added in each diet supplied 0.00; 0.045; 0.090; 0.135; 0.180 and 0.225 digestible lysine, respectively, resulting in diets with 0.545; 0.590; 0.635; 0.680; 0.725 and 0.770% digestible lysine. Feed intake, lysine intake, egg production, average egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion (kg feed/egg dozen), albumen index and final weight gain of the chickens showed a linear response with increase in the digestible lysine levels. There was a quadratic effect for the levels of digestible lysine on feed conversion/egg mass but no significant effect on Haugh Units, yolk index and egg components was detected. The digestible lysine requirement was estimated to be at least 0.770% of the diet, corresponding to the intake of 759 mg of lysine digestible/hen/day.

Níveis de metionina + cistina digestível para poedeiras leves no período de 42 a 58 semanas de idade

Aiming at determining levels of digestible sulfurous amino acids to establish the ideal methionine + cystine/lysine relationship in rations for light-weight laying hens in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age, 216 birds of the commercial brand Hy- Line W36 were distributed in a randomized block design with 6 diets, 6 repetitions and 6 birds per experimental unit. The level of digestible lysine used in the experimental diet was 0.770% for an expected average consumption of 731 mg/hen/day of lysine and 95 g/hen/day of ration. Levels of digestible sulfurous amino acids were obtained from a basal diet deficient in digestible methionine + cystine (0.65%), supplemented with 0.00; 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25% of DL-methionine (99.2%), so to provide a methionine + cystine/lysine relationship of 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 and 117%. The experimental period lasted for 16 weeks and it was subdivided in 4 cycles of egg collection, each one corresponding to 28 days. There was a quadratic effect of the digestible methionine + cistine levels of 0.826% and 0.775% on the egg production and lysine utilization efficiency for total egg production, respectively. The digestible methionine + cystine level considered as a requirement for light-weight laying hens in the period from 42 to 58 weeks of age were 0.775%, corresponding to digestible methionine + cystine consumption of 708 mg/hen/day, and a methionine + cystine/lysine relationship of 101%.

Determinação da composição química e energética do milheto e sua utilização em rações para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

This research was carried out to determine the nutritional value of pearl millet, and to evaluate their utilization as energetic source in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days old. Two experiment were conducted: in the first, the chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus) and gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance were determined. In the second experiment, the performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days old fed diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of pearl millet were determined. A completely randomized design, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (level of millet and sex), with four replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit, was used. The determined values of chemical composition were: dry matter (88.53%), gross energy (3,604 kcal/kg), crude protein (12.71%), crude fiber (5.40%), ether extract (3.10%), calcium (0.029%) and phosphorus (0.31%) and, in the second experiment, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (2,656 kcal/kg). The analyzed traits were: feed intake, weight gain and feed/gain ratio. The performance of broilers fed rations with higher levels pearl millet was better, which could be related to the increase of oil level in diet. The inclusion of pearl millet up to 20% is recommended in the rations for broilers from 1 to 21 days old.

Níveis nutricionais de cobre para frangos de corte machos e fêmeas nas fases de crescimento e terminação

Two experiments, with 288 and 196 birds, half males and half females, respectively, were carried out to determine the copper (Cu) requirements for broilers in the growing (from 22 to 42 days) and finishing (from 43 to 54 days) phases. Two basal diets were formulated to meet the bird nutritional requirements, except for Cu, that was deficient at the levels of 1.40 and 1.33 ppm, respectively. The treatments of both experiments consisted of the Cu supplementation levels, from Cu sulfate, resulting in a total of 1.40, 4.90, 8.40, 11.90, 15.40 and 18.90 ppm Cu in the diet for the growing of phase and 1.33, 4.83, 8.33, 11.83, 15.33 and 18.33 ppm Cu in the finishing phase. Average weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain ratio and Cu concentration in the bone, liver and serum were the evaluated variables. Copper levels, in the both phases, did not affect bird performance and Cu concentration in the bone. However, effect on the Cu concentration in the liver and serum was observed in the growing phase. In the finishing phase, Cu levels affected only Cu concentration in the liver. In the growing phase, was choosen the requirement value estimated by the variable Cu concentration in the serum, which was 11.1 ppm. In the finishing phase, levels of 8.5 to 11 ppm, commonly present in corn and soybean meal based diets, are adequate to animal performance.Two experiments, with 288 and 192 birds, half males and half females, respectively, were carried out to determine the zinc (Zn) requirements for broilers in the growing (from 22 to 42 days) and finishing (from 43 to 54 days) phases. Two basal diets were formulated to meet the birds´ nutritional requirements, except for Zn, that was deficient at the levels of 13.0 and 12.0 ppm, respectively. In both experiments it was evaluated Zn supplementation levels, from a commercial Zn oxide, [...]

Níveis de metionina+cistina digestível em rações para poedeiras leves no período de 24 a 40 semanas de idade

The objective of this work was to determine digestible sulfurous amino acids levels to establish the ideal methionine+cystine:lysine relationships in meals of light-weight laying hens in the period from 24 to 40 weeks of age. It was used 216 Hy-Line W36 birds distributed in a randomized block design with 6 levels each one with 6 repetitions and 6 birds per experimental unit. The digestible sulfurous amino acids levels were obtained from a basal diet with low levels of digestible metionin+cistine (0.65%) supplemented with 0.00; 0.05; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20 and 0.25% of DL-methionine (99.2%) to provide a relationship methionine+cystine:lysine of 84, 91, 97, 104, 110 and 117%. The experimental period lasted 16 weeks and it was subdivided in 4 subperiods of collection of the eggs, each one corresponding to 28 days. Levels of digestible methionine+cistine affected egg production and lysine utilization efficiency per total egg production, reaching a plateau in 0.811 and 0.772% of digestible methionine+cistine, respectively. The digestible methionine+cystine level considered as a requirement for light-weight laying hens in the period from 24 to 40 weeks of age is of 0.772%, corresponding to digestible methionine+cystine consumption of 682 mg/hen/day, and the relationship methionine+cystine:lysine of 100%.

Values of digestible amino acids in feedstuffs for broiler.

O experimento foi conduzido para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoacidos utilizando-se o metodo de alimentacao forcada com galos adultos cecectomizados. Os alimentos estudados foram: quirera de arroz; farelo de arroz integral; milho; sorgo; farelo de trigo; farelo de soja; farelo de algodao 28% e farelo de algodao 38%; levedura 43%; levedura 40%. Os valores medios dos coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira dos aminoacidos essenciais e nao-essenciais foram, respectivamente: 77,53 e 67,21% para a quirera de arroz; 73,33 e 52,54% para o farelo de arroz integral; 73,33 e 52,54% para o milho; 84,48 e 67,21% para o sorgo; 70,75 e 48,55% para o farelo de trigo; 89,37 e 85,22% para o farelo de soja; 74,85 e 74,13 para o farelo de algodao 28%; 77,50 e 72,46% para o farelo de algodao 38%; 49,16 e 48,63% para a levedura 43%; e 46,03 e 38,88% para a levedura 40%. Os valores obtidos dos coeficientes de digestibilidade verdadeira de aminoacidos essenciais e nao-essenciais dos alimentos estudados permitem elaborar racoes mais eficientes para aves.

Exigências nutricionais de zinco para frangos de corte machos e fêmeas na fase inicial

Three hundred and eighty four broilers chicks, half males and half females, were used to determine the zinc requirement for broilers in the initial phase (from 8 to 21 days). A basal diet was formulated that meet the nutritional requirements, except for Zn level, which was kept deficient at 12.00 ppm. The treatments consisted of Zn supplementation to the basal diet with Zn oxide, in the levels of 12.0, 37.0, 62.0, 87.0, 112.0 and 137.0 ppm of Zn. The characteristics evaluated were weight gain, feed intake, feed:gain ratio and Zn concentration in the bone, liver and blood serum. There was no effect of Zn levels on performance characteristics and on Zn concentration in liver of birds. There was effect of Zn levels on Zn concentration in serum and bone. Significant interaction between Zn levels and sex was observed only for Zn concentration in bone. The requirement estimations were 86.12 ppm and 85.70 ppm for broilers males and females, respectively, from 8 to 21 days of age. Based on the Zn concentration in the serum, requirement estimated was of 113.55 ppm, however, considering the importance of this mineral in the bone development, requirement of Zn is of 86.12 ppm and 85.70 ppm for male and female broilers from 8 to 21 days of age.

Nutrition levels of digestible methionine + cystine for brown-egg laying hens in the 2nd production cycle

It was conducted an experiment with the objective of setting the nutritional requirement of methionine+cystine for white-egg laying hens in the second production cycle. It was used 180 white-egg laying hens from 79 to 95 weeks of age submitted to a basal diet deficient in methionine+cystine, supplemented with 0.00; 0.053; 0.108; 0.161 or 0.214% of DL-methionine (98%) to provide 0.490; 0.542; 0.594; 0.648 and 0.698% of digestible methionine+cystine in the rations. Levels of supplementation followed ratios of methionine+cystine:lysine of 75, 83, 91, 99 and 107 with lysine fixed at 0.653%. A complete randomized design with five levels of methionine + cystine was used, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Levels of methionine+cystine in the ration linearly affected feed conversion per dozen of eggs and mass of eggs, laying rate, egg mass and albumen index and they quadratically affected weight of eggs and Haugh unity. Percentage of components of the eggs was not affected by levels of methionine+cystine in the ration. Requirement of methionine+cystine for white-egg laying hens is higher than 0.698%, which corresponds to a consumption of at least 796 mg/bird/day.