Marília Fernandes Maciel Gomes

A Intensidade da Exploração Agropecuária como Indicador da Degradação Ambiental na Região dos Cerrados, Brasil

Being constituted as the largest risk factor and effective degradation to the Savannah, the man’s intervention in the nature and, especially, the agricultural exploration require analysis and better monitoring. This work aims to analyze the relationship between the agricultural exploration and the environmental degradation in the area of the Savannahs, in 1995-1996. In particular, it is intended, to use multivariate statistical analysis, to verify the factors associated with the intensity of farming predominant in the determination of the degradation pattern, and to obtain indexes of exploration intensity to make possible to categorize and to group the microrregions in terms of degradation potential. The results showed that the intensity of the agricultural exploration was characterized by the intensive use of the soil (agricultural exploration) and by mechanical and biochemistry technologies; by the intensity of cattle exploration; and other dimensions of the agriculture. The microrregions with larger degradation levels concentrated on the northwest of Minas Gerais, part of south of Goias, and part of the southeast of Mato Grosso. The smallest mean values of the degradation index were due to Tocantins, Piaui and Maranhao. The largest index was from the microrregion of Primavera do Leste (MT) and the smallest, Jalapao (TO).

Determinação da composição química e energética do milheto e sua utilização em rações para frangos de corte de 1 a 21 dias de idade

This research was carried out to determine the nutritional value of pearl millet, and to evaluate their utilization as energetic source in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days old. Two experiment were conducted: in the first, the chemical composition (dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, calcium and phosphorus) and gross energy, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance were determined. In the second experiment, the performance of broilers from 1 to 21 days old fed diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% of pearl millet were determined. A completely randomized design, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (level of millet and sex), with four replicates and 20 birds per experimental unit, was used. The determined values of chemical composition were: dry matter (88.53%), gross energy (3,604 kcal/kg), crude protein (12.71%), crude fiber (5.40%), ether extract (3.10%), calcium (0.029%) and phosphorus (0.31%) and, in the second experiment, apparent metabolizable energy corrected by nitrogen balance (2,656 kcal/kg). The analyzed traits were: feed intake, weight gain and feed/gain ratio. The performance of broilers fed rations with higher levels pearl millet was better, which could be related to the increase of oil level in diet. The inclusion of pearl millet up to 20% is recommended in the rations for broilers from 1 to 21 days old.

Competitividade da cadeia produtiva da madeira de eucalipto no Brasil

The present work aimed to analyze the competitiveness of the eucalyptus productive chain in Brazil, comparing different production systems, through a policy analysis matrix (PAM). Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the private and social profitability of the production and commercialization of eucalyptus was positive and greater in flat areas; Brazilian producers were penalized by the public policies adopted for the sector; the production in flat areas was more competitive and less exposed to the negative effects of public policies; and national producers had decreased profits.Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar a competitividade da cadeia produtiva da madeira de eucalipto no Brasil, comparando diferentes sistemas de producao, por meio da matriz de analise politica (MAP). Pelos resultados, conclui-se que a lucratividade privada e social da producao e comercializacao da madeira de eucalipto foi positiva e maior em areas motomecanizaveis; os produtores brasileiros foram penalizados por politicas publicas adotadas para o setor; a producao em areas motomecanizaveis apresentou-se mais competitiva e menos exposta aos efeitos negativos das politicas publicas; e os produtores nacionais tiveram seus lucros reduzidos.

Análise do setor de produção e processamento de café em Minas Gerais: uma abordagem matriz insumo-produto

The objective of this work is to analyze coffee production and processing in the economic structure of Minas Gerais, to determine its importance and its linkages to the structure of the State economy, by using input-output matrix. Therefore, it is determined linkages indexes of Rasmussen-Hirschman, boarding fields, pure linkage index (GHS) and regional multipliers of product, income and employment. These applications are complementary to the identification of key sectors of the economy. The 1995 input-output matrix was used. Linkages indexes of Rasmussen-Hirschman and the analysis of the influence field pointed out that coffee production presents multiplying indicators above those of the economy, presenting higher backward and forward linkages. The coffee processing sector presents only backward linkage effects. In the multipliers analysis, it was observed that coffee production sector showed better performance in terms of product and income generation, while the coffee processing industry, in terms of product and of job multipliers

Produtividade agrícola e segurança alimentar dos domicílios das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras

One of the principal means by which agricultural growth affects the level of welfare of the population is the possibility of increasing the food supply, which generally reflects in lower food prices, with important implications on people’s diet. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the agricultural productivity of the main items of people’s diet and food security of households in metropolitan regions. We used a qualitative choice model, the probit, and data from the Household Budget Surveys (POF, in Portuguese) of 1995-1996, 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 and research Municipal Agricultural Production. There were significant relationships between the level of education of the household head, the presence of persons under 18 years-old in the family and the fact that the per capita income household earning is less than minimum wage and food security. Moreover, the productivity growth of grains, vegetables and fruits was associated with greater likelihood of food security in at least one of the periods analyzed. We conclude that productivity gains are associated with greater household food security, but in low proportions, due to the high influence of particular characteristics, such as education and income.

Food Security and Agricultural Productivity in Brazilian Metropolitan Regions

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the relationship between agricultural productivity and food security of households in Brazilians metropolitan regions, considering others individuals’ factors. We found that there are significant relationships between the level of education of the household head, the presence of persons under 18 in the family and the fact that per capita income household earning is less than minimum wage and food security. Productivity gains are indeed associated with greater household food security, but in low proportions, due to high influence of particular characteristics, such as education and income.

Technical performance of milk producers in the state of Goiás , Brazil, in the short and long terms

The objective of this study was to identify groups of technologically homogeneous milk producers in the State of Goias and calculate the gains for inefficient producers, considering the ones of better performance (benchmarks) with the same technological level, i.e., in the short term, and the benchmarks in higher technological level, i.e., in the long term. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques were used for the formation of homogeneous producer groups and multi-stage model of data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the estimation of efficiency scores and identification of benchmarks. The results indicated the formation of four groups of producers and indicate that, on average, the dairy farming in Goias presents mainly characteristics of traditional, less specialized production. Estimated average efficiency for producers as a whole, or efficiency of long-term, was 0.571. The short-term results vary according to the group analyzed, but were higher than the long-term values, indicating that the factor analysis promoted technological homogeneity between the producers of the same group. Results showed a trend in dairy farming of Goias towards adequacy of the input/output ratio to the standards of less capitalintensive production systems.

Technical efficiency in Brazilian citrus production

The purpose of this study was to analyze the technical efficiency of citrus producing properties in Sao Paulo state, in 2009 and 2010. For this, producers were interviewed; non–parametric data envelopment analysis approach was applied to calculate levels of technical efficiency, and an econometric approach was applied to establish technical efficiency determinants. The results showed that a great part of Sao Paulo citrus producing properties works inefficiently and the variables that mostly contribute to increase efficiency are “producer schooling “ and “experience as rural producer”.

Impacto da regulamentação SPS e TBT nas exportações brasileiras de uva no período de 1995 a 2009

The grape production chain has unique importance regarding to generate income and employment for many regional economies. However, in recent years, international trades in this sector, as well as the entire fruit sector, have been facing the imposition of various non-tariff measures, including sanitary, phytosanitary and technical. Thus, this paper analyzes the effects of sanitary, phytosanitary and technical rules imposed by importing countries of the Brazilian grape, from 1995 to 2009. To this end, we made an analysis of inventory and an econometric approach, in which we used the gravity model, in order to verify the impact of such measures on the Brazilian shipments of grape. The results found in the inventory analysis showed a positive relationship between changes in the number of notifications and import trends. As for the econometric model, the possibility of such measures have negatively affected the trading was disregarded and, in the case of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, a positive relationship with grape exports was found, i.e., they helped trades and effects of technical measures on exports were zero.

IMPACTOS DE INDICADORES DE FRONTEIRA E DE COMPETITIVIDADE INTERNA NO COMÉRCIO BRASILEIRO DE FUMO

This paper aims to analyze the impact of border indicators and internal competiveness on international trade of tobacco. This study used the gravity model as a theoretical framework and the method used in the estimation of equations was the Poisson-Pseudo Maximum Likehood (PPML) model. For that, a sample of 78 importer’s Brazilian tobacco between 2006 to 2012 was used. The results show that border indicators of trade facilitation affected the international trade of Brazilian tobacco, highlighting the number of documents required to import and efficiency in government policies, which were statistically significant and showed the expected signal. The results for the distance, the TBT notifications, tariffs and GDP of importing countries are according to results found in the literature. It is concluded that international trade in Brazilian tobacco is affected both by border procedures as per indicators of internal competitiveness.