Gláucia Maria Vasconcellos Vale

Capital Social e suas Implicações para o Estudo das Organizações

Em que pese sua crescente importância para varios ramos das ciencias sociais, o conceito de capital social nao vem merecendo grande atencao por parte dos estudiosos das organizacoes. No entanto, algumas de suas categorias analiticas - como as hipoteses subjacentes a capacidade dos grupos sociais de interagir, criar redes, cooperar e empreender acoes coletivas - podem ser extremamente uteis nesse campo. Particularmente agora, quando os desafios advindos com a globalizacao e a introducao de novas tecnologias de informacao levam ao questionamento de modelos organizacionais tradicionais - com enfase em hierarquia, presenca de mecanismos formais de controle, fronteiras organizacionais bem delimitadas – e trazem a exigencia de novas alternativas. O proposito deste trabalho e o de investigar as origens e repercussoes do conceito de capital social na literatura corrente e suas possibilidades de aplicacao nos estudos organizacionais. Pretende-se, com isso, fornecer elementos de reflexao que estimulem estudos e pesquisas sobre as implicacoes do capital social e o desenvolvimento organizacional no Brasil.

Gênero, imersão e empreendedorismo: sexo frágil, laços fortes?

Men and women have been historically embedded in differentiated social networks. The female trajectory has been conditioned by the presence of strong ties. Such circumstances may have led to peculiar repercussions on womens roles as entrepreneurs. Despite their relevance, studies piecing together gender, entrepreneurship, embeddedness and social networks are relatively new. This paper, drawing on both theoretical insights and quantitative empirical research, attempts to shed light on the phenomenon of female entrepreneurship as it stands against male entrepreneurship. The results suggest that both women and men are embedded in different social networks, and that each of them use their ties in a different way, in so far as their businesses creation goes. Women are relatively more prone to using closer ties to gather information and support. This article offers four contributions. First, at the theoretical level, some new insights offered on the universality versus peculiarities of entrepreneurial behavior. Contributions are also offered, on methodological grounds, including the use of some indicators of embeddedness to analyze and compare the two entrepreneurial groups. At the practical level, by revealing some little-known aspects of the feminine entrepreneurial dynamic, it provides ideas for the formulation of public policy.

Cooperação e Alianças: Perspectivas Teóricas e suas Articulações no Contexto do Pensamento Estratégico

As one surveys the field of cooperative strategies and alliances, some misconceptions are discernible concerning which are the main theoretical frameworks and how they can be articulated among themselves when they focus upon issues such as the strategic process, cooperation and the environment. This article offers a theoretical contribution to this subject. It uses, as a methodological approach, an extensive study and review of the contextual literature. Seven main theoretical outlooks are advanced: military theories; the game theory; the transaction cost theory; the positioning approach; the social networks theory; the resource-based theory; and learning theories. Each one holds a particular set of premises and is derived from specific foundations. Some are compatible with one another, while others are not. The results allow both a more comprehensive view of the whole and an outlook on the possibilities for articulations among the different perspectives and their repercussions on empirical research.

Redes sociais na criação e mortalidade de empresas

This article, the result of theoretical reflection and empirical research, analyses the phenomenon of the embeddedness of the entrepreneur and the impact of social networks on the creation and death of businesses, differentiating between those that survive and those that become extinct. Its empirical basis derives from research of a quantitative and comparative nature that was carried out in 2008-2009. To process the data, a special methodological proposal was developed, with indicators that measure some of the components of embeddedness and their impact on the business world. The results suggest that there are differences between the two aspects researched and that social networks can have a positive influence on a company’s possibilities for survival in the market. This article contributes with innovation in the methodological field, as well as offering contributions at the theoretical level, thus helping to unveil some of the dimensions of the processes that lead to the creation and death of companies, with results of practical nature.This article, the result of theoretical reflection and empirical research, analyses the phenomenon of the embeddedness of the entrepreneur and the impact of social networks on the creation and death of businesses, differentiating between those that survive and those that become extinct. Its empirical basis derives from research of a quantitative and comparative nature that was carried out in 2008-2009. To process the data, a special methodological proposal was developed, with indicators that measure some of the components of embeddedness and their impact on the business world. The results suggest that there are differences between the two aspects researched and that social networks can have a positive influence on a companys possibilities for survival in the market. This article contributes with innovation in the methodological field, as well as offering contributions at the theoretical level, thus helping to unveil some of the dimensions of the processes that lead to the creation and death of companies, with results of practical nature.

Aglomerações produtivas: tipologias de análises e repercussões nos estudos organizacionais

A great bulk of research has recently sprung, in the realm of competitiveness studies, out of the shift in focus from the single enterprise to an aggregate of firms. It is germane to such a context, the very analytical foundation of the conceptions of industrial agglomerations. The pertinent underlying literature is rich, wide and diversified as a result of different streams of reflexion. The latter evolving from distinct windows of observation and perception and translated through singular sets of premises and derived theoretical statements. The researcher can only ignore such distinctiveness at her (his) own peril, facing the dangers of misinterpretation of concepts or faulty lines of research. These pitfalls, in turn, can be avoided by sound analytical foundation. This paper is such an attempt and contribution, as it brings to the fore, analytical typologies relevant to the field of studies, using the tools of morphological pole of scientific research . This is also accomplished by focusing methodically and critically upon the main streams of thought, as well as on their repercussions in the realm of organizational studies. Is is also purported to show here the growing identity between the conceptual evolution in that realm and the prevailing interests of the organizational analysts.

Empreendedorismo, marginalidade e estratificação social

Entrepreneurship history enlivens the role of marginalized social groups in their attempts at social insertion. Nowadays, there is scanty a body of researches about entrepreneurship and social stratification, particularly in Brazil. This article stems from a survey, carried out in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, as it focused on the original social layers of local industrial entrepreneurs as well as it correlated to the pattern of inter-generational mobility (fathers to sons) therein. Drawing from our empirical research it may be posited: i.) entrepreneurship doesn’t tend to be a pathway pursued by the elite, being mostly a lower-middle class phenomenon; ii.) the lower the original social stratum, the bigger the chances of inter-generational social vertical mobility. The results shed lights on role of entrepreneurship as a way to social mobility.

Redes sociais, informação, criação e sobrevivência de empresas

This article sheds light, on both theoretical and methodological grounds, on businesses creation and survival as well as the underlying influences of embeddedness and entrepreneurial social network in this process. The empirical foundations spring from a field research discerning, in the context of a universe of businesses cases, between those surviving ones and those short lived. Data treatment was enhanced by special indicators for embeddedeness and network information circulation. Results support the view that social networks influence the processes.

CLUSTERS, ARRANJOS PRODUTIVOS LOCAIS, DISTRITOS INDUSTRIAIS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE AGLOMERAÇÕES PRODUTIVAS

The current literature on development and competitiveness points out the issues of industrial agglomerations. In this field, in particular, the academic production is rich, wide and diversified as a result of different streams of thoughts. It evolved from distinct windows of observation and perception and translated through singular sets of premises and derived theoretical statements. The researcher can only ignore such distinctiveness at her or his own peril, facing the dangers of misinterpretation of concepts or faulty lines of research. These pitfalls, in turn, can be avoided by sound analytical foundation. This paper is such an attempt and contribution, as it brings to the fore, analytical typologies relevant to the field of studies, such us the contributions of regional economy, the contributions of industrial organization and the institutionalism’ approaches. It shows the relations between competitiveness and these new territorial approaches.

Análise de Clusters: Vantagens da Abordagem Baseada em Dinâmica de Sistemas

O presente ensaio teve como objetivo discutir possibilidades de analise, sob a perspectiva sistemica e evolutiva, do processo de formacao e desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos. Para enderecar a discussao, buscou-se resgatar estudos classicos realizados acerca do tema, incluindo a perspectiva Marshalliana, o caso exemplar italiano, a visao da geografia economica e a vertente da competitividade e inovacao. Ademais, foram apresentadas investigacoes contendo abordagens dinâmicas para analise de clusters , dentre as quais figuram a teoria do ciclo de vida das aglomeracoes e da dinâmica de sistemas. O ensaio aponta para a existencia de autores que, mais recentemente, vem propondo a utilizacao das abordagens dinâmicas, por considera-las capazes de captar as multiplas facetas do processo de formacao e evolucao das aglomeracoes espaciais. Concluimos com consideracoes sobre a literatura corrente e proposicoes para futuros estudos. Espera-se que a reflexao possa subsidiar pesquisadores nas escolhas teoricas para tratamento do fenomeno de interesse.

Emprendedorismo, marginalidad y estratificación social

Entrepreneurship history enlivens the role of marginalized social groups in their attempts at social insertion. Nowadays, there is scanty a body of researches about entrepreneurship and social stratification, particularly in Brazil. This article stems from a survey, carried out in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, as it focused on the original social layers of local industrial entrepreneurs as well as it correlated to the pattern of inter-generational mobility (fathers to sons) therein. Drawing from our empirical research it may be posited: i.) entrepreneurship doesn’t tend to be a pathway pursued by the elite, being mostly a lower-middle class phenomenon; ii.) the lower the original social stratum, the bigger the chances of inter-generational social vertical mobility. The results shed lights on role of entrepreneurship as a way to social mobility.