Ignacio Gómez García

130 kV 130 A High voltage switching mode power supply for neutral beam plasma heating: design issues

Abstract The company JEMA has designed and manufactured two High Voltage Switching Mode Power Supplies (HVSMPS), rated at 130 kV dc and 130 A, each of which will feed the accelerator grids of two Positive Ion Neutral Injector (PINI) loads, to be installed at the Joint European Torus (EFDA-JET facility located at Culham, UK). The solution designed by JEMA includes two matching transformers which adapt the 36 kV of the JET AC power distribution network to the required 670 V at the secondary side. Additionally, such transformers provide a 30° phase shift which is required by a 30 000 A 12 pulse thyristor rectifier. The obtained and stabilised 650 V feed 120 IGBT invertors, which operate at 2778 Hz with modulated square waveform. Each invertor feeds a High Insulation High Frequency Transformer. The 120 transformers corresponding to one power supply are arranged in three oil filled tanks and provide the main insulation from the low voltage to the high voltage side. The square waveform obtained at the secondary of each transformer is rectified by means of a diode bridge. The connection in series of the 120 diode bridges provides the required 130 kV d.c. at the output. In order to protect the load, a redundant solid state crowbar has been designed. Such short circuiting device is composed of 26 Light Triggered Thyristors (LTTs), connected in series. Electrical simulations have been carried out in order to ensure that the system complies with the requirements of high accuracy and adequate protection of the load. The critical design of the High Voltage-High Frequency Transformers has also required electrostatic simulations of the electric field distribution

Tuberculous orchiepididymitis during 1978-2003 period: review of 34 cases and role of 16SrRNA amplification.

Genitourinary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 543 patients in Spanish hospital from 1978 through 2003. Of the 371 male 34 (9.2%) had orchiepididymitis. Mean age was 52.7 years and the presenting symptom was scrotal swelling and/or pain. Over 50% of cases involved the right ovotestis. Associated renal tuberculosis and active disease in extraurological organs presented in 64% and 19.2% of cases, respectively. Diagnosis was established by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recovery from urine and/or purulent scrotal exudate. Genomic amplification techniques aided the diagnosis in 8 patients. Treatment was rifampin, isoniazide, and pyrazinamide or ethambutol. Eight patients required combined medical and surgical treatment.

Tumor de células de sertoli, un extraño tumor testicular: Nuestra experiencia y revision de la literatura

OBJETIVOS Aportamos dos nuevos casos de tumor testicular de celulas de Sertoli, realizando busqueda en Medline y Cochrane de los casos publicados a nivel internacional. METODOS Revision de nuestra serie de neoplasias testiculares, incidencia de los tumores estromales, presentacion, clinica, tratamiento y pronostico, asi como de la experiencia reflejada en la literatura. RESULTADOS La prevalencia de los tumores testiculares en nuestra area de salud es del 0,09 %, suponiendo el tumor de Sertoli el 2,3 % de ellos. La incidencia es levemente superior a la informada en otros trabajos, con cifras del 0,4% al 1,5% de los tumores testiculares en el adulto y hasta el 4% en los ninos. La presentacion mas habitual es la masa testicular indolora, pudiendo existir semiologia secundaria a la produccion hormonal. CONCLUSIONES El tumor de celulas de Sertoli presenta una incidencia no superior al 4% de las neoplasias testiculares. La clinica mas habitual es la tumoracion indolora, existiendo casos de manifestaciones endocrinas que varian segun la edad del paciente Hasta un 10% de ellos se comportan de manera maligna.

Power supply of the control coils of Wendelstein 7-X experiment

Abstract This paper presents the solution for the construction of power supplies to feed a group of coils for the new stellerator is being built in the Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, IPP, in Greifswald. The 10 control coils in the stellerator are regulated by 10 power supplies, that must provide a controlled current compounded of direct current and 0–20 Hz bandwidth AC current in a range of almost 3 kA at low voltage, 30 V, in four quadrants. Positive and negative voltage and sinusoidal current with low harmonic distortion is required by load. Besides, all the sources must operate current synchronizated on time. The selected design is based on Switch-mode-power supply technology (SMPS) instead of classical thyristor based technology (SCR). This provide the system with a very high regulation response (very low current and voltage ripple) and excellent input power factor, keeping the grid Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) under minimum values. Due to low voltage and voltage drop requirements, the inverter is compounded of MOSFET transistors which allow also higher regulation speeds. Driver control and main tasks management is supported by Digital Signal Processing Technology (DSP) to achieve desired system response. The system in its entirety requires a high efficiency due to thermal considerations and reduced space. The presented system introduces a decisive solution for the future power supplies to superconducting or regular coils, where the regulation, precision and ripple requirements are a base of design.

Retroperitoneal fibrosis: Single-centre experience from 1992 to 2010, current status of knowledge and review of the international literature

Abstract Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate retroperitoneal fibrosis in a Spanish hospital and present a review of the international literature to attempt to elucidate a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this unusual pathology. Material and methods. A database search was performed in the pathology department and in the documentation service using the key words “retroperitoneal fibrosis” and “Ormonds disease”, limiting the search to the years 1990–2010. Cases in which secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis was considered were excluded. In addition, a PubMed literature search was performed using the terms “retroperitoneal fibrosis” and “Ormond’s”, limiting the search to 1985–2011. Results. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) or Ormonds disease. The most common symptom at the time of diagnosis was flank pain. With regard to laboratory findings, five patients (22.7%) had anaemia and eight (36.3%) had renal failure. Computed tomography (CT) wa...Abstract Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate retroperitoneal fibrosis in a Spanish hospital and present a review of the international literature to attempt to elucidate a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to this unusual pathology. Material and methods. A database search was performed in the pathology department and in the documentation service using the key words “retroperitoneal fibrosis” and “Ormonds disease”, limiting the search to the years 1990–2010. Cases in which secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis was considered were excluded. In addition, a PubMed literature search was performed using the terms “retroperitoneal fibrosis” and “Ormond’s”, limiting the search to 1985–2011. Results. Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (IRF) or Ormonds disease. The most common symptom at the time of diagnosis was flank pain. With regard to laboratory findings, five patients (22.7%) had anaemia and eight (36.3%) had renal failure. Computed tomography (CT) was performed in 20 patients (90.9%) and the most common finding observed was retroperitoneal mass. Eighteen patients were started on corticosteroids, in six cases in association with azathioprine. Three patients had recurrence at 12, 24 and 72 months, respectively, and 15 patients required emergency surgery. Nine open surgical procedures were performed. Conclusions. At present, IRF is considered an autoimmune disease that presents with local and systemic signs and symptoms. CT and magnetic resonance imaging are the two tests of choice in IRF diagnosis and follow-up. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is starting to be used for assessment and treatment response. A combination of medical and surgical treatment is usually applied. It is essential to administer corticosteroids alone or in association with other immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine. Laparoscopic ureterolysis, or robotic ureterolysis, if available, is the technique of choice.

Inmunosupresión y complicaciones quirúrgicas post-trasplante renal

Resumen es: Objetivo: Los nuevos inmunosupresores disminuyen las tasas de rechazo agudo en el transplante renal y mejoran la supervivencia del injerto, aunque modifi...

Turn-key supply for the power supplies of the control coils of wendelstein 7-X experiment

Abstract In the Max-Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, IPP, in Greifswald, a new stellerator is being built for fusion research experiments, the so called Wendelstein 7-X Experiment. JEMA Company has designed, manufacture and supply the turnkey system which energises the ten control coils in the stellerator. The system comprises ten independent Switch-mode power supplies, and the central distribution stations for power, cooling and control facilities. Each power supply must provide a controlled current compounded of direct current and 0–20 Hz bandwidth ac current in a range of almost 3 kA at low voltage, 30 V, in four quadrants. Positive and negative voltage and sinusoidal current with low harmonic distortion is required by load. The selected design is based on Switch-mode-power supply technology (SMPS) providing the system with a very high regulation response (very low current and voltage ripple) and excellent input power factor, keeping the grid total harmonic distortion (THD) under minimum values. The sources can be operated locally as independent systems or they can be co-ordinated from a main control keeping current synchronisation requirements. The system in its entirety requires a high efficiency due to thermal considerations and reduced space. The system presented here introduces a decisive solution for the future power supplies to superconducting or regular coils, where the regulation, precision and ripple are the basic requirements for the design. During year 2000 the design stage was covered and in 2001 a first prototype for the power supplies was manufactured and successfully tested at factory. The entire system has been installed over this year after the series fabrication and it is currently working at IPP facilities, waiting for the acceptance tests scheduled before end of the year. This paper aims to explain the different stages the company went through in order to get validation of the power supply system and make it running at its last location.

Pseudotumor testicular por "Corynerbacterium thommsenii"

OBJETIVOS Informamos del primer caso descrito en la literatura de infeccion genitourinaria por Corynebacterium Thomssenii en el hombre. METODOS Estudio descriptivo de infeccion testicular por germen atipico y desconocido en un paciente, siendo identificado y diagnosticado gracias a la Reaccion en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR), realizamos busqueda en la bibliografia universal de casos similares. RESULTADOS Encontramos solo un caso de infeccion pleural por Corynebacterium Thomssenii en el hombre, no estando descritos ningun caso de afeccion genitourinaria. CONCLUSIONES Hasta el momento actual no existen mas que un caso descrito de infeccion por C. Thomssenii en el hombre, posiblemente debido a infradiagnostico, por el lento crecimiento de este patogeno. Los metodos de amplificacion genetica mediante PCR deben ser mas demandados por el clinico ya que aportan un adelanto en el diagnostico microbiologico en patogenos de lento crecimiento.