Jael Rúbia Figueiredo de Sá França

Palliative care: a conceptual analysis

Problem: In order to clarify the meaning of the different dimensions related to the Palliative Care phenomenon, a comprehensive analysis of this concept is necessary. Objective: To develop analysis concerning to Palliative Care concept according to Walker and Avant´s model. Method: Documental research accomplished by means of the analysis of 38 articles published in the period between 2005 and 2009, placed at LILACS and SciELO databases. Results: The analysis enabled to identify that the Palliative Care concept is widely used as regards the health field. While establishing antecedents or events which determine the concept, progressive degree of physical dependence; physical, spiritual and psychological suffering; patient receiving no therapeutic possibilities and family support were verified. In reference to their attributes, comfort promotion; open and sensitive communication with the patient and the family; control/relief of pain; multidisciplinary action; respect for the patients ‘rights; individualized therapeutic planning and humanized care were observed. As consequences, improvement in the patient’s and family’s quality of life; dignified death and complication prevention were perceived. Conclusion: The analysis of the Palliative Care concept allowed the making up of a definition for the phenomenon understood as the multiprofessional, multidimensional and human care provided for the patient who is not receiving therapeutic possibilities aiming to the patient’s and family’s comfort and welfare promotion through the control and relief of symptoms, resulting in the improvement of his or her quality of life and, thus, dignifying his or her dying process.

Palliative care: scientific production in online periodicals as regards health field

ABSTRACT Objectives : to identify the scientific production about palliative care in online periodicals related to the health field during 2002 and 2009. Metodology : this is a documental investigation executed in the databases Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information - LILACS , Scientific Eletronic Library Online – SciELO, Information System of the Library of the World Health Organization - WHOLIS and The Library of the Pan American Health Organization - PAHO; 27 articles were part of the sample. To achieve the proposed objectives, chose the technique of thematic content analysis, following the steps of pre-analysis, classification and categorization, with its sub-categories, analysis and interpretation of data. Results : the research revealed that 2007 presented the highest production, with eight (29%) articles. According to the emphasis given by the authors, the themes concerning ethics and bioethics, emotional, psychological, spiritual and technical care came up. Conclusion : it is evident that this different kind of treatment has been calling researcher’s attention, with an increasing number of studies focusing on this theme. This provides an outstanding outlook for the insertion of palliative care in health assistance centers and in the academic formation of professionals from different areas. Descriptors : hospice care; palliative care; terminal care; terminally ill; periodicals; health; scientific communication and diffusion; health . RESUMO Objetivos : identificar a producao cientifica sobre cuidados paliativos em periodicos on-line, na area de saude, no periodo de 2002 a 2009. Metodologia : trata-se de uma pesquisa documental realizada nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude – LILACS, Scientific Eletronic Library Online – SciELO, Sistema de Informacao da Biblioteca da Organizacao Mundial da Saude - WHOLIS e Acervo da Biblioteca da Organizacao Pan-americana da Saude – PAHO ; 27 artigos fizeram parte da amostra. Para alcancar os objetivos propostos, elegeu-se a tecnica de analise de conteudo tematica, seguindo as etapas de pre-analise, da classificacao e da categorizacao, com respectivas sub-categorias, analise e interpretacao dos dados. Resultados : a pesquisa revelou que o maior ano de producao foi 2007, com oito (29%) artigos. De acordo com os enfoques dados pelos autores, os temas pesquisados foram etica e bioetica, cuidados emocionais, psicologicos espirituais e tecnicos. Conclusao : evidencia-se que esse modo diferenciado de tratar vem merecendo atencao por parte de pesquisadores, com um numero crescente de estudos sobre a tematica, o que sugere boas perspectivas para a insercao dos cuidados paliativos em redes assistenciais de saude e na formacao academica de diversos profissionais. Descritores : cuidados paliativos; assistencia paliativa; assistencia terminal; doente terminal; publicacoes periodicas; comunicacao e divulgacao cientifica ; saude. RESUMEM Objetivos : identificar la literatura cientifica sobre lo cuidados paliativos en las revistas en linea de el area de salud en el periodo 2002 a 2009. Metodologia : se trata de una investigacion documental, llevada a cabo en las bases de datos America Latina y del Caribe de Ciencias de la Salud - Ciencia, Scientific Electronic Library Online – SciELO, Sistema de Informacion y de la Biblioteca Sede de la Organizacion Panamericana de la Salud – OPS; 27 articulos que formaban parte de la muestra. Para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, eligio la tecnica de analisis de contenido tematico, siguiendo los pasos de pre-analisis, clasificacion y categorizacion, con sus sub-categorias, analisis e interpretacion de datos. Resultados : la investigacion revelo que el ano mas alto de produccion fue de 2007, con ocho (29%) articulos. De acuerdo con los enfoques dado por los autores, los temas estudiados fueron la etica y la bioetica, la atencion emocionales, psicologicos y espirituales y tecnicos. Conclusion : es evidente que esta manera distinta de abordar esta siendo estudiada por los investigadores, con un numero creciente de busqueda sobre el tema, lo que sugiere buenas perspectivas para la integracion de las redes de cuidados paliativos en la salud y entrenamiento de profesionales de diferentes areas. Descriptores : cuidados paliativos; atencion paliativa; cuidado terminal; enfermo terminal; publicaciones periodicas; salud; comunicacion y divulgacion cientifica ; salud .

Reflexões à luz da Teoria da Complexidade e a formação do enfermeiro

Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.

A ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PEACEFUL END OF LIFE THEORY ACCORDING TO FAWCETT’S CRITERIA

Objective: to assess the Peaceful End of Life Theory according to an assessment framework of nursing theories. Method: reflection developed through the investigation of the Peaceful End of Life Theory and its application in Palliative Care nursing practice, using the analysis and assessment framework proposed by Jacqueline Fawcett. The analysis involved an impartial and detailed investigation of the theory, including the scope, context and content of the theory; and the assessment was based on the criteria of significance, internal consistency, parsimony, testability, empirical adequacy and pragmatic adequacy. Results: what the scope is considered, this is considered a medium-range and predictive theory. Its context is based on Katharine Kocalba’s Comfort Theory. In the content, it presents defined, well-outlined and interrelated concepts. Its significance derives from its explicit definition of the concepts of the metaparadigm; its internal consistency from the definition it provides for each concept and its use of the concepts without contradiction. It is parsimonious because nurses can use it for care to end-of-life patients. Conclusion: the importance of the theory is highlighted, as well as its application in the activities of nurses focused on care to end-of-life individuals and their relatives, as it presents concepts and propositions in line with what Palliative Care proposes. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing. Terminally ill. Palliative care. Nursing theory. Assessment of theory. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072017002920017

Existential experience of children with cancer under palliative care

OBJECTIVE To understand the existential experience of children with cancer under Palliative Care from the Humanistic Nursing Theorys point of view. METHOD This is a field and qualitative research, in which eleven children participated, supported by the Support Centre for Children with Cancer in Paraíba State. To collect data it was used the Story Drawing Procedure. The data were qualitatively analyzed based on Humanistic Nursing Theory. RESULTS From the analysis of the empirical studys subject, the following thematic categories have emerged: children experiencing fear, sadness, anguish and insecurity in the face of their diagnosis and children experiencing fear of their family falling apart because of the possibility of dying. CONCLUSION It is fundamental the participation of nurses in the Palliative Care to the children with cancer in order to strengthen the trust between the children and the professional to have the relationship of dialogue as central axis.

Reflexiones a la luz de la Teoría de la Complejidad y la formación del enfermero

Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.

Reflections in the light of the complexity theory and nursing education

Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.Objective: to reflect on nursing education, taking into account the principles of complex thinking proposed by Morin. Method: reflection based on the principles of the complexity theory by Edgar Morin. Results: the application of complexity in teaching proposes an emancipatory education based on questioning and social transformation. It comprises the education of nurses who interact with others as a characteristic of their work. It is necessary to prepare students to develop critical and reflective attitudes and actions to overcome the fragmentation and linearity of knowledge. Conclusion: nursing care has been based on a reductionist assistance, reflecting the Cartesian model. Thus, nursing education seeks to comprise shared knowledge and experiences so that no subject or professional overpowers another, accepting the uniqueness of professionals and patients.

Mothers' perception on recreational activities in the treatment of childhood cancer

This study aims to understand the perception of mothers of children with cancer from playing. This was a qualitative study, carried February and April 2016. Six mother were interviewed, who accompanied their children during treatment at a non-governmental organization (NGO) that functions as a support house for children and adolescents with cancer. From the organization of the empirical material, two categories emerged: The mothers’ perception on the playful during the oncological treatment and the spirituality adopted by the mothers after the discovery of the diagnosis. The conclusion is that playfulness fulfills a therapeutic function assisting the child in his/her development, providing joy and pleasure. Mothers, on the other hand, find in faith the strength not to lose hope in the continuity in the caring process. Thus, it is evident that mothers seek the best for the childs well-being, in an attempt to minimize the suffering generated by the experienced situation.

Importance of Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology

To analyze the testimonies of clinical nurses about the importance of the practice of palliative care in Pediatric Oncology, in the light of the Humanistic Nursing Theory. This is a qualitative research conducted with ten nurses from a pediatric unit of a public hospital in the city of Joao Pessoa – PB, through a semi-structured interview, using Paterson´s and Zderad´s Humanistic Nursing Theory as theoretical and methodological support. The following categories emerged from the analysis: palliative care is essential for promoting humanized care of children with cancer, in end-stage; and palliative care value the communication among nurses, child, and family. It is concluded the need for the promotion of humanized practice by nurses, both the child under a palliative care, as the family, showing to be motivated, sensitized and respecting them in their uniqueness and authenticity, as preconized by the Humanistic Nursing Theory.

Cost comparison of three kinds of compression therapy in venous ulcer.

Evolution and cost of three types of compression therapy (single layer, multilayer and Unna boot) in patients with venous ulceration were compared. The evaluation lasted two months and used photographic records and instrument based on pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH). Treatment with monolayer compression therapy presented the lowest cost and more efficacy of the three types, with 82% savings compared with the multilayer therapy.