Solange Fátima Geraldo da Costa

Comunicação como instrumento básico no cuidar humanizado em enfermagem ao paciente hospitalizado

A humanizacao e uma expressao que vem sendo comumente usada no sentido de associacao dos recursos tecnologicos ao reconhecimento da individualidade do paciente, compreendido como ser integral e ao mesmo tempo singular em suas necessidades. Considerando que a humanizacao do cuidado em enfermagem vem sendo bastante enfatizada nas instituicoes de saude e que a comunicacao permite a equipe compreender as necessidades do paciente vulnerabilizado pela doenca e hospitalizacao, surge a necessidade de refletir a respeito da relevância da comunicacao no processo do cuidar humanizado em enfermagem. Sob esse prisma, o presente estudo, de natureza bibliografica, teve por objetivo destacar a comunicacao como instrumento basico no processo do cuidar humanizado em enfermagem ao paciente hospitalizado. A partir desta pesquisa os autores ressaltam a valoracao do processo de comunicacao como componente basico na humanizacao do cuidado em enfermagem.Humanization is a term that is commonly used in association with technological resources and patient individuality, which considers patient’s holistic and uniqueness needs. Humanization of nursing care has being emphasized in healthcare. Communication is a key factor that allows the healthcare team to understand the hospitalized patient’s needs. Thus, there is a need to reflect upon the relevance of communication to provide quality humanized nursing care. Focusing on these aspects of nursing care, the objective of this bibliographic study was [...]

Experiência existencial de mães de crianças hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica

This study has the objective of understanding the existential experience of mothers of children hospitalized in an intensive pediatric care unit (IPCU). It is a qualitative-based research grounded on the humanistic nursing theory. The investigation scenario was the IPCU of a public hospital. Five mothers of children who were hospitalized in the referred unit participated in the investigation. Data were analyzed from the standpoint of the five phases of the phenomenological nursing. The following issues emerged from the collected statements: the relationship between mothers and nursing professionals at the moment of admission and throughout the childs hospitalization period in the IPCU; and mothers who experience fear, despair and loneliness in face of the childs disease. The present study highlights the complexity of a mother-centered approach and subsidizes a new look at the field of the care, teaching and nursing research.Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a experiencia existencial de maes de criancas hospitalizadas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica (UTIP). Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, consubstanciada na Teoria Humanistica de Enfermagem. O cenario da investigacao foi uma UTIP de um hospital publico. Participaram do trabalho cinco maes de criancas hospitalizadas na referida unidade. Os dados foram analisados com base nas cinco fases da Enfermagem Fenomenologica. A partir dos discursos expressos durante a coleta de dados, emergiram as seguintes tematicas: a relacao vivenciada entre as maes e os profissionais de enfermagem no momento da admissao e ao longo da hospitalizacao da crianca na UTIP; e maes vivenciando sentimentos de medo, desespero e solidao diante do adoecimento do filho. O presente estudo ressalta a complexidade de que se reveste uma abordagem centrada nas genitoras e subsidia um novo olhar no âmbito da assistencia, do ensino e da pesquisa em enfermagem.

Communication as a basic instrument in providing humanized nursing care for the hospitalized patient

A humanizacao e uma expressao que vem sendo comumente usada no sentido de associacao dos recursos tecnologicos ao reconhecimento da individualidade do paciente, compreendido como ser integral e ao mesmo tempo singular em suas necessidades. Considerando que a humanizacao do cuidado em enfermagem vem sendo bastante enfatizada nas instituicoes de saude e que a comunicacao permite a equipe compreender as necessidades do paciente vulnerabilizado pela doenca e hospitalizacao, surge a necessidade de refletir a respeito da relevância da comunicacao no processo do cuidar humanizado em enfermagem. Sob esse prisma, o presente estudo, de natureza bibliografica, teve por objetivo destacar a comunicacao como instrumento basico no processo do cuidar humanizado em enfermagem ao paciente hospitalizado. A partir desta pesquisa os autores ressaltam a valoracao do processo de comunicacao como componente basico na humanizacao do cuidado em enfermagem.Humanization is a term that is commonly used in association with technological resources and patient individuality, which considers patient’s holistic and uniqueness needs. Humanization of nursing care has being emphasized in healthcare. Communication is a key factor that allows the healthcare team to understand the hospitalized patient’s needs. Thus, there is a need to reflect upon the relevance of communication to provide quality humanized nursing care. Focusing on these aspects of nursing care, the objective of this bibliographic study was [...]

Health-related quality of life among patients with advanced cancer: an integrative review

Esta revisao integrativa da literatura objetivou caracterizar artigos abordando a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude — QVRS — de pacientes com câncer avancado nas literaturas nacional e internacional e sumarizar os fatores contribuintes para a melhora ou a piora da QVRS de pacientes com câncer avancado, evidenciados na literatura pesquisada. A busca foi realizada nas bases eletronicas CINHAL, EMBASE, PUBMED, SCIELO e LILACS. Dentre os 21 artigos que compuseram a amostra, 13 evidenciaram melhora da QVRS de pacientes com câncer avancado mediante a realizacao de intervencoes fisicas, emocionais e espirituais. Em oito estudos, foram identificados sinais e sintomas preditores de baixa QVRS, como dor, fadiga, disturbio do sono, depressao, alteracoes nutricionais, entre outros. Os resultados mostram que manifestacoes clinicas inerentes ao câncer sao fatores que podem rebaixar a QVRS do paciente, enquanto os beneficios fisicos, psicologicos e espirituais resultantes de intervencoes terapeuticas, podem promover a melhora.

Programa de intervenção nutricional associado à atividade física: discurso de idosas obesas

Obesity is a complex nutritional problem with social and psychological dimensions, which affects individuals of all ages. In addition to presenting risk factors for some diseases, obesity may interfere with the quality of life of the elderly. This qualitative study of an exploratory nature investigated the discourse of obese elderly women regarding their participation in a nutritional intervention program associated with physical activity. Eighteen obese elderly women attending Centers of Reference and Citizenship in the city of João Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil were enlisted in the study. Interviews using a series of questions that addressed the core issue pertaining to the scope of the study was the technique used for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed by the collective subject discourse (CSD) technique. The following central ideas emerged from CSD: changes in lifestyle, in eating habits, in health and in self-esteem. The core ideas reflected the value attributed to the aforesaid program for promotion of health of the group of elderly women who participated in the study. It is hoped that this research might elicit further investigation in the area of health of the elderly.

Disseminação de valores éticos no ensino do cuidar em enfermagem: estudo fenomenológico

The objective of this study was to investigate how nursing professors disseminate ethical values in teaching nursing care based on Max Scheler’s axiological reference. This investigation consisted of a phenomenological research developed with the participation of 12 nursing professors from the Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview given between August and September of 2008. The empirical data were analyzed with a qualitative approach, using Max Scheler’s phenomenology. Thus, it was possible to understand that nursing professors use directive communication, using pedagogical guidelines (advice, recommendations, moral deliberations, among others) to spread ethical values directed to care practices. Thus, ethical values may not be taught merely theoretically, they need to be based on real or imaginary experience and be a discovery of the world of care in order to have its effectiveness in the teaching-learning process. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing care. Ethics. Education. Faculty, Nursing. Philosophy. DIFUSIÓN DE VALORES ÉTICOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL CUIDADO EN ENFERMERÍA: UN ESTUDIO FENOMENOLÓGICO RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar cómo los docentes de enfermería difunden los valores éticos en la enseñanza del cuidado en enfermería a partir del marco conceptual axiológico de Max Sheler. Es una investigación fenomenológica que fue realizada con la participación de 12 docentes de enfermería de la Universidad Federal de la Paraiba. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas realizadas de agosto a septiembre de 2008. El análisis del material empírico se llevó a cabo mediante un enfoque cualitativo según la fenomenología Scheleriana. Así, fue posible comprender que los educadores emplean una comunicación directa utilizando las directrices pedagógicas (consejos, recomendaciones y deliberaciones morales, entre otras) para la transmisión de los valores éticos para la práctica del cuidado. Los valores éticos no pueden ser enseñados sólo en teoría, tienen que basarse en una experiencia real o imaginaria y ser un descubrimiento del mundo del cuidado para ejercer su función en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. DESCRIPTORES: Cuidar en enfermería. Ética. Educación. Docente de Enfermería. Filosofía.El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar como los docentes de enfermeria difunden los valores eticos en la ensenanza del cuidado en enfermeria a partir del marco conceptual axiologico de Max Sheler. Es una investigacion fenomenologica que fue realizada con la participacion de 12 docentes de enfermeria de la Universidad Federal de la Paraiba. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas realizadas de agosto a septiembre de 2008. El analisis del material empirico se llevo a cabo mediante un enfoque cualitativo segun la fenomenologia Scheleriana. Asi, fue posible comprender que los educadores emplean una comunicacion directa utilizando las directrices pedagogicas (consejos, recomendaciones y deliberaciones morales, entre otras) para la transmision de los valores eticos para la practica del cuidado. Los valores eticos no pueden ser ensenados solo en teoria, tienen que basarse en una experiencia real o imaginaria y ser un descubrimiento del mundo del cuidado para ejercer su funcion en el proceso de ensenanza y aprendizaje.The objective of this study was to investigate how nursing professors disseminate ethical values in teaching nursing care based on Max Scheler’s axiological reference. This investigation consisted of a phenomenological research developed with the participation of 12 nursing professors from the Federal University of Paraiba, Brazil. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview given between August and September of 2008. The empirical data were analyzed with a qualitative approach, using Max Scheler’s phenomenology. Thus, it was possible to understand that nursing professors use directive communication, using pedagogical guidelines (advice, recommendations, moral deliberations, among others) to spread ethical values directed to care practices. Thus, ethical values may not be taught merely theoretically, they need to be based on real or imaginary experience and be a discovery of the world of care in order to have its effectiveness in the teaching-learning process. DESCRIPTORS: Nursing care. Ethics. Education. Faculty, Nursing. Philosophy. DIFUSION DE VALORES ETICOS EN LA ENSENANZA DEL CUIDADO EN ENFERMERIA: UN ESTUDIO FENOMENOLOGICO RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar como los docentes de enfermeria difunden los valores eticos en la ensenanza del cuidado en enfermeria a partir del marco conceptual axiologico de Max Sheler. Es una investigacion fenomenologica que fue realizada con la participacion de 12 docentes de enfermeria de la Universidad Federal de la Paraiba. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas realizadas de agosto a septiembre de 2008. El analisis del material empirico se llevo a cabo mediante un enfoque cualitativo segun la fenomenologia Scheleriana. Asi, fue posible comprender que los educadores emplean una comunicacion directa utilizando las directrices pedagogicas (consejos, recomendaciones y deliberaciones morales, entre otras) para la transmision de los valores eticos para la practica del cuidado. Los valores eticos no pueden ser ensenados solo en teoria, tienen que basarse en una experiencia real o imaginaria y ser un descubrimiento del mundo del cuidado para ejercer su funcion en el proceso de ensenanza y aprendizaje. DESCRIPTORES: Cuidar en enfermeria. Etica. Educacion. Docente de Enfermeria. Filosofia.

Eutanásia, distanásia e ortotanásia: revisão integrativa da literatura

There is currently widespread concern among researchers in debating questions that generate ethical conflicts within the scope of health care geared to the human being in the terminal phase, especially euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. This study sought to characterize the scientific production at the national level on euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. It involves an integrative review of the literature. The study universe consisted of 41 publications related to the theme in question by means of a survey conducted online in the Virtual Health Library in the Capes Portal and in the Bioethical Magazine. Of these, 25 articles comprised the sample taking into consideration the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection occurred in March 2013, by means of an instrument containing information pertinent to the proposed objective. The key words used were euthanasia, dysthanasia and orthothanasia. With respect to the focus of the publications, three themes emerged: Theme I - Euthanasia; Theme II - Dysthanasia and Theme III - Orthothanasia. The studies analyzed reflected the current concern in terms of ethical dilemmas concerning care of the human being in the end of life phase. Thus, it is hoped that this research can contribute to bolster the critical reading with respect to the theme.

Impacto da multimistura no estado nutricional de pré-escolares matriculados em creches

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a diet supplemented with a bran-based cereal mixture on the nutritional status of preschool children presenting nutritional risk. METHODS: This was a two-month double-blinded study with a longitudinal follow up using 135 children with ages ranging from one to six years old and divided into three groups: intervention 1 (GI1=48), intervention 2 (GI2 n=45) and control (CG n=42), receiving 5g and 10g of the multi-mixture and placebo, respectively. The nutritional situation of the children in the study was evaluated before and after supplementation. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators at the base line (p=0.251 p=0.248 and p=0.399 respectively) between the groups studied. After intervention, the difference between the groups in the prevalence of anthropometrical deficit was also not significant (p=0.100 p=0.435 and p=0.210 respectively) and a comparison of the averages before and after intervention revealed no differences (p>0.05 using the Kruskall - Wallis and Analysis of Variance statistical methods). CONCLUSION: In the specific case of the bran-based mixture, the impact of the small amounts of supplement ingested did not warrant expecting alterations in the recovery of children presenting nutritional risk, since these supplements contain only small amounts of calories and macro and micronutrients.

Qualidade De Vida Relacionada À Saúde De Pacientes Com Câncer Avançado: Uma Revisão Integrativa

Esta revisao integrativa da literatura objetivou caracterizar artigos abordando a qualidade de vida relacionada a saude — QVRS — de pacientes com câncer avancado nas literaturas nacional e internacional e sumarizar os fatores contribuintes para a melhora ou a piora da QVRS de pacientes com câncer avancado, evidenciados na literatura pesquisada. A busca foi realizada nas bases eletronicas CINHAL, EMBASE, PUBMED, SCIELO e LILACS. Dentre os 21 artigos que compuseram a amostra, 13 evidenciaram melhora da QVRS de pacientes com câncer avancado mediante a realizacao de intervencoes fisicas, emocionais e espirituais. Em oito estudos, foram identificados sinais e sintomas preditores de baixa QVRS, como dor, fadiga, disturbio do sono, depressao, alteracoes nutricionais, entre outros. Os resultados mostram que manifestacoes clinicas inerentes ao câncer sao fatores que podem rebaixar a QVRS do paciente, enquanto os beneficios fisicos, psicologicos e espirituais resultantes de intervencoes terapeuticas, podem promover a melhora.

Palliative care: a conceptual analysis

Problem: In order to clarify the meaning of the different dimensions related to the Palliative Care phenomenon, a comprehensive analysis of this concept is necessary. Objective: To develop analysis concerning to Palliative Care concept according to Walker and Avant´s model. Method: Documental research accomplished by means of the analysis of 38 articles published in the period between 2005 and 2009, placed at LILACS and SciELO databases. Results: The analysis enabled to identify that the Palliative Care concept is widely used as regards the health field. While establishing antecedents or events which determine the concept, progressive degree of physical dependence; physical, spiritual and psychological suffering; patient receiving no therapeutic possibilities and family support were verified. In reference to their attributes, comfort promotion; open and sensitive communication with the patient and the family; control/relief of pain; multidisciplinary action; respect for the patients ‘rights; individualized therapeutic planning and humanized care were observed. As consequences, improvement in the patient’s and family’s quality of life; dignified death and complication prevention were perceived. Conclusion: The analysis of the Palliative Care concept allowed the making up of a definition for the phenomenon understood as the multiprofessional, multidimensional and human care provided for the patient who is not receiving therapeutic possibilities aiming to the patient’s and family’s comfort and welfare promotion through the control and relief of symptoms, resulting in the improvement of his or her quality of life and, thus, dignifying his or her dying process.