Joel Gustavo Teleken

Environmental, economic and social impact of aviation biofuel production in Brazil

The Brazilian aviation industry is currently developing biofuel technologies that can maintain the operational and energy demands of the sector, while reducing the dependence on fossil fuels (mainly kerosene) and greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of the current research was to identify the major environmental, economic and social impacts arising from the production of aviation biofuels in Brazil. Despite the great potential of these fuels, there is a significant need for improved routes of production and specifically for lower production costs of these materials. In addition, the productive chains of raw materials for obtaining these bioenergetics can be linked to environmental impacts by NOx emissions, extensive use of agricultural land, loss of wildlife and intensive water use, as well as economic, social and political impacts.

Use of rice husk in waste cooking oil pretreatment

ABSTRACT Since industrial wastes are increasing, the development of studies to find ways for their use is urgent. Waste cooking oil is an important source for the production of biodiesel, one of the main biofuels in Brazil. However, during cooking, the oil undergoes conditions that change its properties and decrease its quality, such as its acidity value. Current research treats waste cooking oil by the adsorption process using rice husk, an agro-industrial waste, and activated carbon to compare results. The potential of the adsorbents to remove free fatty acids in waste cooking oil has been investigated by the batch technique, evaluating different operating conditions of temperature, adsorbent mass and agitation. Adsorbents were characterized by nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The maximum result obtained for activated carbon at acidity reduction was 63%, using 22.4°C, 169.64 rpm and 3.39 g of adsorbent mass. Already, using the rice husk the percentage of removal was the same, 63% using 22.4°C, 80.36 rpm and 1.61 g of adsorbent, however in shorter times. The results prove that the application of the rice husk for this purpose is advantageous, for being a low-cost material, available on a large scale and that provide results similar to activated carbon.

Evaluation of different adsorbents for acidity reduction in residual oils

ABSTRACT This work aims to evaluate the adsorption potential of bentonite and sugarcane bagasse clay for the reduction of free fatty acids in cooking oil through batch technique, experimental planning with different operating conditions (temperature, adsorbent mass and agitation). After were carried out kinetic studies and thermodynamic studies. Thus, both adsorbents were characterized by nitrogen dispersion, scanning electron microscopy with coupled energy dispersion spectroscopy. The sugarcane bagasse provided higher reductions compared to the bentonite clay, 58 and 50%, respectively. In the kinetic studies, it was observed that the pseudo-secunda model for both materials. Among the isotherms studied, the Langmuir model was better adjusted for sugarcane bagasse and Freundlich for bentonite clay. Thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption at temperatures of 18°C, 20°C and 25°C. Both materials showed an advantageous result with the reduction to the adsorption of free fatty acids in the residual oil, considering that they are low-cost materials, their pre-treatment is simple from the operational point of view and their physical and chemical characteristics are favorable to the adsorption process, sugarcane bagasse contains about 42% hemicellulose, which is a hydroxyl-rich material that attracts the H+ ions from the medium.

Biogas production with co-digestion of sugarcane straw

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate straw modification by chemical degradation generated by two forms of pretreatment, using citric acid in an autoclave and urea solution with sodium hydroxide at low temperature. Design/methodology/approach The material was digested and compared in biodigester reactors lined with natural straw, straw pretreated with citric acid, straw pretreated with urea and NaOH, and straw subjected to both the pretreatments. The amount of straw has been delimited to 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent v/v, and used 20 percent v/v inoculum in all reactors, consisting of 30 percent v/v poultry litter and 70 percent swine wastewater (SW). The experiment was conducted in an incubator kept in mesophilic conditions (35°C). Findings The results indicate significant change in the studied material, with degradation of lignin as well as hemicellulose and cellulose exposed to further hydrolysis. Spectrophotometric methods were used for monitoring degradation. These methods were efficient in monitoring changes caused by the treatments. When the proposed pretreatments are applied to sugarcane straw, there is a significant gain in biogas production (L g VSR−1). The most appropriate rates for higher methane production in the pretreatments are 2.5 and 5 percent straw-SW. The best results for the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane straw were obtained by pretreating it with citric acid. Originality/value This paper shows a new use for the sugarcane straw waste after being pretreated with acid or base for the coproduction of biogas.

Biodigestão anaeróbia de um polímero orgânico de fécula de mandioca

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o processo de biodigestao anaerobia de material plastico polimerico biodegradavel a base de fecula de mandioca, utilizando-se de biodigestores de escala laboratorial com modo de operacao batelada. Utilizou-se agua residual estabilizada de suinocultura como materia-prima e copos plasticos biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca para a producao de biogas. A experiencia foi desenvolvida utilizando-se estufas em condicao mesofila, ondese realizaram 4 tratamentos garantindo a entrada total de 0, 40, 120 e 200 g de material biodegradavel nos reatores de cada tratamento, respetivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que polimeros biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca (PBM) apresentam elevada biodegradabilidade (taxas de remocao de STV e DQO de ate 75,2% e 79,3% respetivamente) se submetidos a biodigestao anaerobia em fase mesofila. A elevada producao de biogas em curto periodo temporal e outro fator a destacar observando-se producoes de ate 1274 ml gSTV-1. Pela caracteristica de facil degradabilidade do material, elevadas concentracoes de PBM sob biodigestao podem proporcionar acidificacao do reator pela elevada producao de acidos volateis como ocorrido nos reatores dos tratamentos de adicao de 120 e 200g de PBM.

UTILIZAÇÃO DO BAGAÇO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR COMO ADSORVENTE NA REDUÇÃO DA ACIDEZ DE ÓLEO RESIDUAL PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL

Resumo: A busca por novas alternativas renovaveis de combu stiveis visando a substituicao dos combustiveis derivados do petroleo tem crescido muito nos ultimo s anos. Fato justificado devido as metas de diminui cao da dependencia dos combustiveis fosseis bem como os impactos ambientais, proporcionado pelo uso de tal combustivel derivado dos hidrocarbonetos. Entre ta is alternativas podemos citar o biodiesel. Este biocombustivel vem apresentando inumeras vantagens ambientais quando comparado ao diesel petroquimico. Nesse mesmo contexto, a reutilizacao de oleos resid uais do processo de fritura vem sendo uma alternati va visando a reducao dos custos de producao do biodies el. Porem, tais materias-primas podem apresentar al tos indices de acidez sendo um grave problema na conversao dos triglicerideos em esteres (biodiesel). Busc ando uma alternativa viavel para essa problematica propo e-se a avaliacao do metodo de adsorcao em pequena escala tendo como material adsorvente o bagaco da cana-de-acucar, almejando uma possivel reducao do indice de acidez do oleo residual. Dessa maneira, o referido estudo partiu de um delineamento estatistico compos to central rotacional (DCCR) com tres condicoes variaveis de t ratamento sendo elas: a massa de adsorvente, a temp eratura e agitacao, em cinco niveis. Resultados apontaram e m uma diminuicao do indice de acidez superior a 50 % evidenciado no tratamento 9. Palavras-chave: Adsorcao; Biodiesel; Indice de Acidez; Qualidade d o oleo; Pre-tratamento.

GESTÃO E CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOETANOL

For being a large producer of sugarcane for the production of ethanol, Brazil is part of the international market as exports of the product. To this end, the Government has been encouraging the production sector to seek quality certification. The present study aimed to explore practical and objective way an approach on quality management systems, the rules governing the specifications and the analytical methods used to ensure the quality of the alcohol industry’s product. By bioethanol production be inherent to several variables that interfere in its quality, evaluates essential a rigorous control of their production and marketing, to ensure greater reliability to the consumer market whether it is national or international. Non-compliance with the requirements laid down by legislation may generate problems of combustion, as the generation of Lees, corrosion, reducing efficiency and useful life of the engine.

Fertigation of stillage in the culture of brown and golden linseed ( Linum usitatissimum )

In Brazil, the stillage is mainly used in fertigation of sugarcane plantations, however, little is known about its effect on the nutritional supplementation and irrigation cultivation of linseed. Because of the shortage of work in the area, the present study aimed to evaluate the development of the culture of brown and golden linseed submitted to fertigation of stillage. The experiment was conducted in the field, at the Federal University of Parana in Palotina/PR in the agricultural year of 2013, on a eutrophic Red Latosol. The adopted lineation was completely randomized in split plots, where the plots were composed by the two varieties (brown and gold), and the sub-plots by the ratios (100% stillage; 50% stillage and 50% water; 100% control water). Fertigation of stillage in the culture of brown and golden linseed presents positive results on plant height, dry and fresh weight, capsules number and productivity; except for the number of branches (100% is higher). It was observed that between the two varieties, the golden linseed showed better development with the applied treatment. Keywords: Fertigation, energy crops, agro industrial residues African Journal of Biotechnology , Vol 13(12), 1369-1373

Influência da taxa de refluxo na processo de destilação para obtenção de etanol hidratado

A destilacao e um processo de separacao de liquidos atraves da diferenca do grau de volatilidade dos mesmos. Foram avaliados tres processos de destilacao simples, que se baseia na purificacao de misturas homogeneas e em batelada, com o objetivo de analisar a influencia das condicoes de refluxo, que foram alteradas em cada um dos experimentos. Os experimentos foram realizados em tres condicoes de refluxo, uma porcentagem alcoolica inicial de 8% (V/V), e as demais variaveis do processo foram mantidas nas mesmas condicoes, para que somente o refluxo pudesse interferir nas variaveis respostas, que sao: vazao do destilado, volume de alcool 92% e tempo da destilacao, e assim avaliar sua real influencia. A pressao do refervedor foi mantida em 0,7 Kgf/cm2, a valvula do condensador completamente aberta e a valvula do deflegmador apenas 2/4 aberta. Monitorou-se as variacoes das temperaturas do condensador, alambique, destilador e deflegmador, para que se avaliasse a conectividade da alteracao dessas com a producao alcoolica. Apos a analise dos 3 testes realizados determinou-se o teste 1, de taxa de refluxo ¾ como o mais vantajoso em relacao a maior quantidade de produto desejado em menor tempo, com um menor gasto energetico.