Jonathan Dieter

Lixiviação de nutrientes em solo cultivado com aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura

This work aimed to evaluate the impacts on leachate from drainage lysimeters receiving application of different rates of pig farming residual water (PRW) during soybean crop cycle. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental field of UNIOESTE. The soil was classified as Rhodic Ferralsols. There were twenty-four drainage lysimeters where soybean cultivar CD 214 was sown. Four PRW rates (0; 100; 200 and 300 m3 ha-1) were applied to the soil seven days before sowing in a single application combined with two fertilizations (with and without recommended dose) during sowing, and three repetitions per treatment. Three leachate collections were carried out in each experimental plot. The first was conducted 40 days after sowing (DAS); the second at 72 DAS, and the third at the end of crop cycle (117 DAS). pH, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and total nitrogen were evaluated. Based on the results, it was possible to observe that pH and Mg values in the leachate did not suffer influence of PRW application and fertilization. K+, P and Ca+2 in the leachate were higher for higher PRW rates.

Impacts of the application of swine wastewater in percolate and in soil cultivated with soybean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible impacts caused in the soil and in the percolate in lysimeters of drainage with application of different rates of swine wastewater (SW) during the cycle of soybean culture and to assess the productivity of it. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Experimental Center of UNIOESTE. The soil was classified as typical Distroferric Red Latosol. There were twenty-four drainage lysimeters in the area in which the soybean was cultivated, cultivar CD 214. Four SW depths (0; 100; 200 and 300 m3 ha-1) were applied to the soil seven days before the sowing in a single application combined with two mineral fertilizations in the sowing (with and without recommended fertilization during sowing), and three repetitions per treatment. It was realized three collections of percolate in each experimental portion, the first was conducted 40 days after sowing (DAS); the second at 72 DAS, and the third at the end of crop cycle (117 DAS). It was evaluated in the percolate the pH, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and total nitrogen. Based on the results, it was possible to observe that the level of K, P and N in the soil increased according tothe increase of SW rates. The levels of K and P in the percolate were higher for higher rates of SW. The productivity was not influenced by the application of SW or by fertilization.

Soil chemical properties after surface application of swine wastewater in the cultivation of jatropha.

This work aims to evaluate the behavior of macronutrients and micronutrients in the soil when there is successive application of swine wastewater in growing jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.). The experiment was conducted in Palotina – PR, Brazil. The experimental parcels were designed and built in an area of 900 m2, in a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The doses of swine wastewater (SW) were set in proportions of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 m3 ha-1. Soil attributes related to acidity did not suffer influence of successive applications of SW. In the first application none of the parameters evaluated suffered interference of the doses. Macronutrients K and Ca presented quadratic behavior in the second application. There was an increase in micronutrient Cu in function of the dose of SW in the second and third applications. Fe increased only in the third application of SW.xa0 n n xa0 n n Key words: Organic fertilization, macronutrients, micronutrients, mobility in soil.

In vitro Inhibition of Soilborn Phytopathogens Treated With Swine Wastewater

Swine wastewater (SWW) is a residue from pig farming that presents a high load of nutrients and organic matter. The appliance of organic matter in soil alters the microbial dynamic and may suppress soilborn phytopathogens. This study aimed at evaluating the inhibition on mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro under SWW doses. Hereupon, three kilograms of a soil classified as red dystroferric latosol was collected and sieved. Half of it was autoclaved. SWW was incorporated at doses of 0 mL, 2.5 mL, 5 mL, 10 mL and 20 mL in both soil conditions, autoclaved and not autoclaved. Afterwards, 130 grams of each soil was separately put into Petri plates above what a thin layer (≅ 5 mL) of Water-Agar (2%) medium was carefully spread over. Above this agar layer, one disk (6 mm diameter) of pure mycelium from each fungal grown in Potato Dextrose Agar medium was individually placed on the center of each plate. Daily evaluations on mycelial growth measuring were taken and ended when mycelium in control plates (without SWW addition) reached plate borders. Results indicated that in autoclaved soil condition, the inhibition was proportional to the dose, what is to say that the higher the dose the less the mycelial growth. In not autoclaved soil there was no significant difference among treatments, suggesting stimuli on suppression effect for both pathogens caused by SWW. In addition, the confirmed potential of SWW as a suppressor of S. sclerotiorum and S. rolfsii leads to promising investigations on other phytopathogens hard to control.

Biodigestão anaeróbia de um polímero orgânico de fécula de mandioca

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o processo de biodigestao anaerobia de material plastico polimerico biodegradavel a base de fecula de mandioca, utilizando-se de biodigestores de escala laboratorial com modo de operacao batelada. Utilizou-se agua residual estabilizada de suinocultura como materia-prima e copos plasticos biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca para a producao de biogas. A experiencia foi desenvolvida utilizando-se estufas em condicao mesofila, ondese realizaram 4 tratamentos garantindo a entrada total de 0, 40, 120 e 200 g de material biodegradavel nos reatores de cada tratamento, respetivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que polimeros biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca (PBM) apresentam elevada biodegradabilidade (taxas de remocao de STV e DQO de ate 75,2% e 79,3% respetivamente) se submetidos a biodigestao anaerobia em fase mesofila. A elevada producao de biogas em curto periodo temporal e outro fator a destacar observando-se producoes de ate 1274 ml gSTV-1. Pela caracteristica de facil degradabilidade do material, elevadas concentracoes de PBM sob biodigestao podem proporcionar acidificacao do reator pela elevada producao de acidos volateis como ocorrido nos reatores dos tratamentos de adicao de 120 e 200g de PBM.