Eduardo de Rossi

ÓLEO DE UVA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL

The grape cultivation in Brazil has intensified each year, this product is generally intended for the production of beverages as juices and wines. But some problems are reported associated with the production of these beverages, major one being the residue obtained in the process of crushing grapes which is characterized with a high pollution potential, and about 40% of the grapes processed is processed in this residue. With the aim of making this production, have sought to destinations waste generated. It is generally intended for use in animal feeds and fertilizers but several studies have investigated the application of oil contained in the residue to produce biodiesel. This form of the residue reuse in the process tends to improve the production of wine, besides improving new technologies, strengthening national industry and agriculture. Thus, the aim of this paper is to describe briefly the problems associated with waste generation grape and the use of oil in this for allocation for biodiesel production.

Biogas production with co-digestion of sugarcane straw

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate straw modification by chemical degradation generated by two forms of pretreatment, using citric acid in an autoclave and urea solution with sodium hydroxide at low temperature. Design/methodology/approach The material was digested and compared in biodigester reactors lined with natural straw, straw pretreated with citric acid, straw pretreated with urea and NaOH, and straw subjected to both the pretreatments. The amount of straw has been delimited to 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent v/v, and used 20 percent v/v inoculum in all reactors, consisting of 30 percent v/v poultry litter and 70 percent swine wastewater (SW). The experiment was conducted in an incubator kept in mesophilic conditions (35°C). Findings The results indicate significant change in the studied material, with degradation of lignin as well as hemicellulose and cellulose exposed to further hydrolysis. Spectrophotometric methods were used for monitoring degradation. These methods were efficient in monitoring changes caused by the treatments. When the proposed pretreatments are applied to sugarcane straw, there is a significant gain in biogas production (L g VSR−1). The most appropriate rates for higher methane production in the pretreatments are 2.5 and 5 percent straw-SW. The best results for the anaerobic digestion of sugarcane straw were obtained by pretreating it with citric acid. Originality/value This paper shows a new use for the sugarcane straw waste after being pretreated with acid or base for the coproduction of biogas.

Biodigestão anaeróbia de um polímero orgânico de fécula de mandioca

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar o processo de biodigestao anaerobia de material plastico polimerico biodegradavel a base de fecula de mandioca, utilizando-se de biodigestores de escala laboratorial com modo de operacao batelada. Utilizou-se agua residual estabilizada de suinocultura como materia-prima e copos plasticos biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca para a producao de biogas. A experiencia foi desenvolvida utilizando-se estufas em condicao mesofila, ondese realizaram 4 tratamentos garantindo a entrada total de 0, 40, 120 e 200 g de material biodegradavel nos reatores de cada tratamento, respetivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que polimeros biodegradaveis produzidos a partir de fecula de mandioca (PBM) apresentam elevada biodegradabilidade (taxas de remocao de STV e DQO de ate 75,2% e 79,3% respetivamente) se submetidos a biodigestao anaerobia em fase mesofila. A elevada producao de biogas em curto periodo temporal e outro fator a destacar observando-se producoes de ate 1274 ml gSTV-1. Pela caracteristica de facil degradabilidade do material, elevadas concentracoes de PBM sob biodigestao podem proporcionar acidificacao do reator pela elevada producao de acidos volateis como ocorrido nos reatores dos tratamentos de adicao de 120 e 200g de PBM.

Wind in the production of lettuce in Brazil (Lactuca sativa L.)

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable of higher consumption and economic value in Brazil. Due of the sensitivity of the leaves, the wind can bring losses to the perfect harmony of growth and physiological development the plant. Wind can also cause irreversible mechanical damage, such as senescence, burning, breaking, fall leaves and tear. The city of Cascavel in western Parana is at an average altitude of 760 m enabling the continuous occurrence of strong winds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this meteorological variable in the production of lettuce and water evapotranspiration phenomenon with plants. Wind were made ducts with fans who had average wind speeds of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 km/h, positioned at 2 m of plants in greenhouses. The evapotranspiration was verified by a evaporimeter installed in each wind duct for three sunny days, rainy and cloudy. After 49 days, they were taken and analyzed the height of plants and roots, number of leaves, fresh and dry mass of leaves and roots. It was found that the increase in wind speed also increases the evaporation, however, other environmental factors influence this parameter and the production decreases, as we increase the wind speed. Key words: Greenhouse, evapotranspiration, Lactuca sativa L., wind.

PRÉ-TRATAMENTOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL DE SEGUNDA GERAÇÃO

The increasing in ethanol production without expansion of plantation areas has been studied in Brazil, more intensively since the Proalcool initiative. The cellulosic biofuel is considered an alternative to expand this production in large scale for it does not only allow the use of sugar cane bagasse, as well as any lignocellulosic material, and uneatable plant parts, besides, the environmental appeal enables the short term production. One of the challenges is to improve the process of hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, once that he first presents an almost crystalline structure and the second has a less regular structure. This paper aims to report the main used pre-treatments aiming to expose the cellulose and hemicellulose for hydrolysis (saccharification). The greatest challenge is due to the metabolization of the polysaccharide that is gradually impaired as the complexity of its chain increases. The degradation of cellulose weaves a network of several possibilities including even the fuel production for jet aircraft. Even with the fact that this area of research is recent, there is already such a pilot plant for production and the first refineries installed went into operation in 2011, however, in order to spread and gain markets it will have compete with the powerful oil market.

INFLUÊNCIA DA DENSIDADE DE PLANTIO NO CRESCIMENTO DA LINHAÇA MARROM

Flaxseed can be consumed as food or feed, besides being used for various other purposes, has a percentage of protein in equal proportion of fibers and mostly oil, usually the product of interest in culture can be grown brown and golden flaxseed. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of population densities in the culture of brown flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) using the online system of planting, being spaced at 0.45 m. The experiment was conducted at the State University of West Parana, year 2013 campus, using a completely randomized design with eight systems of planting density: 67, 84, 99, 117, 137, 154, 172 and 190 plants/m2 with six replicates, we performed 130 days after harvesting crops. The vegetative behavior was assessed following the variables fenometric plant height, stem diameter, number of branches of the stem, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part of the plant, number of capsules, fresh and dry seeds. Evaluating the data plotted in generated by applying the Tukey test, the table can not infer the best for high density planting of brown flaxseed aiming to yield grain, only it was noted that high density below 99 plants/m 2 reduce productivity in grain brown.