José Alfredo dos Reis Neto

Mucosectomia esofágica no tratamento do megaesôfago avançado: análise de 60 casos

Partial ou total esophagectomy without thoracotomy has been used with greater frequency for the last few years to treat benign affections, specially advanced megaesophagus. Although this procedure presents the advantages of avoiding compromise of lung dynamics, it is not free complications. Among these, we have to emphasize the opening of pleura with hemopneumothorax, together with the potential aggression to other organs in the mediastinum, with a significant postoperative morbidity. On the other hand, in advanced megaesophagus, stasis esophagitis may lead to carcinoma. Based on these considerations, it was proposed, previously in animals and human beings, mucosal and submucosal removal by complete invagination, without thoracotomy. These results were satisfactory in experimental surgery and encouraged the beginning of the clinical experience area. Thus, the aim of the present work is to show, by a detailed analysis, the tecnique of esophageal mucosal and submucosa removal from the muscular layer, main taining it complete at the mediastinum. This procedure was performed by a cervicoabdominal approach in 60 patients with grade III and IV megaesophagus. The reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract by the stomach transposition was performed through the posterior mediastinum inside the muscular layer or by retrosternal route. The study allowed us the following conclusions: 1) the mucosa removal by the submucosa, through invagination proved to be simple and seasible in 98,4% of the cases; 2) the absence of bleeding from the bed layer muscular esophagus, during or at immediate postoperative period; 3) The incidence of pleura and lung complications - (5,0%.) is low.

Influência de bloqueadores H2 no processo de cicatrização gástrica

In order to evaluate the influence of H2-blockers in the healing process of sutured gastric wounds, twenty male guinea pigs were studied. After general anesthesia, followed by a laparotomy, a 0.5 cm-long gastrostomy in the anterior wall of the gastric body and final suturing. The guinea pigs were separated into two groups (GI and GII), with ten animais each. Group I received injections of 0,1 ml of distilled water and GII received 0,75 mg of ranitidine by a intramuscular injection every 12 hours, starting immediately after surgery and maintained until sacrifice, which was conducted in equal numbers of animais on the 2nd and 10th postoperative day (PO). Operative specimens were evaluated in detail. In macroscopic evaluation, dehiscence of gastric suture was observed in one GI animal on the 10th PO day. The mucosal membrane of all specimens presented erythema on the suture on the 2nd PO day; however, on the 10th PO day the aspect was normal, with a small white scar on the site. In microscopic evaluation, there was a severe acute inflammatory process in both groups on the 2nd PO day. III the morphological evaluation and cellular counting, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the number of polymorphis neutrophils, lymphocites and plasma cells, but the volumetric density of fibroblasts and collagen fibers was significantly larger in GII on the 10th PO day. Therefore, we conclude that H2-blockers caused no delay in healing of sutured gastric wounds in guinea pigs.

Zinco e cromo na cicatrização de feridas em ratos normais e diabéticos

The delay in tissue repair of cutaneous wounds in diabetic patients increase hospital costs and morbidity in surgical procedures. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of zinc oxide and chromium as diet supplements (ZC) in tissue repair of cutaneous wounds. This study was carried out in 69 Wistar rats with weight ranging from 200 to 270 grams divided in 5 (five) groups (G). Diabetes was induced in 53 animals with streptozotocin in the first week of the study (GIII, GIV, and GV). After the 8th day, normal (GI, GII) and diabetic rats (GIII, GIV, GV) received diet supplements together with food and water: GI, no treatment (NT); GII, ZC added to the water; GIII, NT; GIV, insulin; GV, ZC and insulin. On the 15th day an elliptical fragment was taken from the skin and from the dorsum of the animals. The operative wounds were then photographed on days 15, 22, 29 and 36. These pictures were sent to a computer and wound areas were calculated. The scores obtained were then subjected to statistical analysis. On the 22nd day of assessment there was no significant difference (NS) in the reduction of the operative wound site among the groups (RA). In the following dates the diabetic rats that did not receive the treatment (GII) also did not have any significant difference in RA in comparison to normal rats (GI). On the other hand, those rats treated with zinc, chromium and insulin (GII, GIV. and GV) had a higher RA level than those of the GIII did. The GV had a higher level of RA than GIV, but it was not significant. (NS). The conclusion was that the treatment of diabetic rats with insulin and diet supplement with ZC improved the healing of cutaneous wounds.

Effects of preoperative irradiation using fractioned electron beam on the healing process of colocolonic anastomosis in rats undergoing early and late surgical intervention

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of preoperative fractioned irradiation using an electron beam on the healing process of colocolonic anastomoses in rats that underwent early and late surgical intervention. METHODS Thirty Wistar rats, distributed as follows: group A (surgery only), group B (fractionated irradiation for 30 days (if), surgery seven days after the end of it), group C (if for 30 days, and surgery after 30 days of termination). On the seventh postoperative day the anastomotic segment analysis was taken, using tension tests, histology and collagen deposition evaluation by computerized analysis. RESULTS Regarding the tension resistance of the anastomosis, there were no statistical differences (p=0.42). However, a significant increase in cells number in the inflammatory infiltrate in the group with a longer interval between surgery and pre op radiation (p<0.05). The collagen concentration had no significant variance. CONCLUSION The irradiation in divided doses increased local inflammatory cellularity when the surgery was performed later. This result did not affect the increase of complications, nor on the local concentration of collagen, achieving similar clinical outcomes.

MACROLIGADURA ALTA: ANÁLISE RETROSPECTIVA DE PACIENTES OPERADOS AMBULATORIALMENTE

Objetivo: As fístulas anastomóticas colorretais (FAC) representam importante causa de morbimortalidade em pacientes submetidos à cirurgias colorretais. Estudos avaliando o impacto econômico da FAC no Brasil ainda são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto clínico e econômico da FAC, bem como identificar os fatores de risco para o seu desenvolvimento. Método: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de pacientes beneficários da Saúde Suplementar brasileira, com base nas informações de faturamento dos pacientes. O banco de dados incluiu informações hospitalares dos pacientessubmetidos a procedimentos entre 2012 e 2013. Os principais desfechos clínicos avaliados foram: ocorrência de FAC, infecção, tempo de permanência hospitalar (TPH) durante a internação índice, readmissão de 30 dias e mortalidade. O desfecho econômico avaliado foi custo hospitalar total (CHT) (incluindo internação da cirurgia índice e readmissões em até 30 dias). Para determinar os fatores de risco para ocorrência de FAC, assim como a relação entre a FAC e desfechos clínicos, foi realizada uma regressão de Poisson. Para avaliar o impacto econômico da FAC foi realizada a análise com modelos lineares generalizados (GLM). Resultados: A incidência de FAC foi de 6,8%. Cirurgia de emergência (aRR: 3,08; IC95%1,53-6,19) e necessidade de transfusão sangüínea (aRR: 5,42; IC 95% 2,54-11,56) foram preditores independentes de FAC. Pacientes com FAC apresentaram mais uso de antibióticos (aRR: 1,69; IC95%1,37-2,09), readmissão de 30 dias (aRR: 3,34; IC 95% 1,53-7,32), mortalidade (aRR = 13,49; IC 95% 4,10-44,35) e maior TPH (média de 39,6 dias vs. 7,5 dias em pacientes sem FAC, p < 0,001). A mediana do CHT foi de R

SÉRIE DE CASOS DE HAMARTOMA CÍSTICO RETRO‐RETAL: DO DIAGNÓSTICO AO TRATAMENTO

210.105 nos pacientes com FAC vs. R

Câncer do reto baixo: radioterapia pré-operatória, excisão total perirretal e acesso videolaparoscópico

34.210 nos pacientes sem FAC (p = 0,002). No GLM multivariável, ajustado por cirurgia de emergência, idade, sexo, diagnóstico de câncer e abordagem cirúrgica (laparoscopia vs. laparotomia), os pacientes com FAC tiveram CHT 5,57 (IC 95% 4,12-7,52)mais elevados do que os pacientes sem FAC. Conclusões: Pacientes que desenvolvem FAC têm piores desfechos clínicos e CHT 5,57 vezes maiores. Os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de FAC foram cirurgia de emergência e necessidade de transfusão sanguínea.

Modelo experimental de tumor de Walker

Introdução: O espaço retrorretal (presacral) não é uma localização comum para tumores neoplásicos. O hamartoma cístico retrorretal (HCRR) consiste de uma lesão benigna congênita rara, de padrão geralmente multicístico, que acomete usualmente mulheres de meia idade, com incidência variando entre 1:40000 e 1:63000. Apesar da possibilidade de origem congênitaderivada dos remanescentes embrionários pós-anais do intestino (intestino posterior), podem ser também decorrentes de processo inflamatório crônico local. Felizmente seu potencial de malignidade é extremamente raro. Objetivo: Relatar uma série de casos de harmatoma cístico retrorretal. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 3 casos de HCRR operados por equipe cirúrgica homogênea em Campinas-SP. Pacientes com idade entre 27 a 57 anos por acesso posterior(técnica de Kraske) após ressonância magnética. O diagnóstico foi confirmado posteriormente por histologia. Resultados: Primeiro caso paciente com queixa de secreção constante em região perianal, com histórico cirúrgico, há 3 anos, de abscesso na mesma localização, devido à tumor pré-sacral abaulando o reto. Segundo caso abordada previamente devido a cisto pilonidal infectado, retornando ao serviço com quadro séptico, coleção purulenta dissecando região paravertebral e glútea à esquerda, e sinais de osteomielite em cóccix, submetida à excisão completa da lesão e à coccectomia devido à osteomielite local. Terceiro caso apresentou-se em consulta com queixa de tenesmo constante e dor ao evacuar, após exame de imagem foi submetida à cirurgia com excisão completa da lesão. Submetidas à ressonância magnética de pelve, com presença de tumoração retro-retal e abordagem cirúrgica posterior (Cirurgia de Kraske). Diagnóstico compatível com hamartoma cístico ao estudo histopatológico. Ausência de sinais de malignidade nos materiais analisados, com conclusão diagnóstica de Hamartoma Cístico retro-retal (pré-sacral), associado a processo inflamatório crônico. As pacientes mantém segmento em consultas periódicas, com boa evolução clínica, sem recidiva das lesões, sem incontinência fecal ou demais sequelas devido ao procedimento cirúrgico. Conclusão: HCRR são tumores raros, que geralmente necessitam de abordagem cirúrgica e apresentam bom prognóstico desde que ressecados com margens adequadas.

Cirurgia laparoscópica colorretal: resultados do inquérito nacional brasileiro - 2001

Twenty-four patients (1993-1997) with cancer of the lower rectum (tumors situated between the pectinate line and four cm above it) underwent abdominoperineal excision by laparoscopic approach and its results were studied and analyzed. Only adenocarcinoma tumors were evaluated regardless of age and gender. All patients were submitted to preoperative radiotherapy (4.000 cGy) and operated on ten days after the end of the irradiation. The anatomic observation of the specimens excised by laparoscopy led to the conclusion that a total mesorrectum excision (total peri-rectal excision) was achieved in 91.3% of the patients. Preoperative radiotherapy did not create intra-operative hazard or change the surgical procedure. None of the patients had intra-operative rupture of the tumor or pelvic spillage of carcinomatous cells. The extension of linfonodal excision was similar to the one obtained by open surgery, with an average of 12 lymphnodes dissected by specimen, with positive perirrectal lymphnodes in 33.3% of the patients, or in 72.7% of the patients with Dukes C tumors and in 100% of the tumors with low grade of cellular differentiation. The proportion of positivity (number of metastatic lymphnodes in relation to the number of extirpated lymphnodes) varied from a minimum of 11.11% to a maximum of 75%. The rate of local recurrence observed after abdominoperineal excision of the rectum by laparoscopic approach with total excision of the perirretum in patients previously irradiated was of 4.2%, patient with Dukes C tumor and low grade of cellular differentiation. There were no portal implantation in the series.