Nelson Manzoni de Oliveira

Produção de Carne em Cordeiros Cruza Border Leicester com Ovelhas Corriedale e Ideal

O estudo objetivou oferecer informacoes sobre a morfologia (in vivo e na carcaca), caracteristicas comerciais, componentes do peso vivo, qualidade da carcaca e da carne em cordeiros nao castrados cruzas de Border Leicester com ovelhas Corriedale e Ideal, criados em condicoes de campo nativo no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram utilizados 24 cordeiros, 11 procedentes do cruzamento de Border x Corriedale e 13 de Border Leicester x Ideal, sacrificados com 6,5 meses de idade. Foi verificado um efeito entre os cruzamentos para a perda ao resfriamento (em kg e %), peso e percentagem da pele, peso e percentagem do pescoco e capacidade de retencao de agua. Igualmente, foi verificado que ha diferenca no desenvolvimento relativo dos componentes do peso vivo, composicao regional da carcaca e composicao tecidual da paleta entre os cordeiros Border Leicester x Corriedale e Border Leicester x Ideal e, dentro de cada genotipo verificou-se uma diferenca quantitativa e qualitativa entre a paleta e a perna. As diferenca quanto a qualidade da carcaca e carne nao apresentam importância pratica que justifique uma diferenciacao do produto; porem, a comercializacao deve ser com base no peso de carcaca fria e nao com base no peso vivo ou carcaca quente. A paleta e mais precoce que a perna em ambos grupos geneticos.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 2. Componentes do peso vivo

Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castrated at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonoplus qffinis Chase) in the Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedloted during one week and each lamb was daily fed 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to compare their live weight as a total and its components. Live weight was influenced by genotypes. This effect might not be observed in absolute numbers, but in percentage (head), or vice-versa, as shown by heart, lungs and liver. The Texel breed showed higher absolute values as compared to Merino. Polwarth, Corriedale and Romney Marsh. Percentualy, this superiority was only observed in carcass. Merino and Polwarth showed higher skin percentage, as compared to other breeds.Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castrated at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonoplus qffinis Chase) in the Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedloted during one week and each lamb was daily fed 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to compare their live weight as a total and its components. Live weight was influenced by genotypes. This effect might not be observed in absolute numbers, but in percentage (head), or vice-versa, as shown by heart, lungs and liver. The Texel breed showed higher absolute values as compared to Merino. Polwarth, Corriedale and Romney Marsh. Percentualy, this superiority was only observed in carcass. Merino and Polwarth showed higher skin percentage, as compared to other breeds.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 3. Perdas e morfologia

Fifty (ten per breed) Merino, Polwarth. Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs were castradet at 30 days of age and raised up to weaning (ten weeks) on native pasture at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (EMBRAPA), Southern (Bage, RS) region of Brazil. Following weaning, the animals were feedioted during one week and each lamb was daily fed with 200 grams of a diet containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basin. The animals were then moved to pasture up to 225 days of age when they were slaughtered to quantify and compare in vivo and carcass tosses and morphology. Liveweight (with and without a fasting period) was influenced by genotype. However, Merino, Polwarth and Corriedale live weight were not different among themselves, but lower than Romney Marsh lambs, which by their turn, were lower than Texel animals live weight. Fasting losses was significantiy affected when compared in absolute numbers (kg), bui not percentually. Highest tosses were observed in Texel breed lambs followed by Romney Marsh, whereas Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino didnot differ among themselves. Live weight carcass yield were significantly influenced by genotype. Heavier lambs showed superior carcass yield. Texel animals showed superior in vivo and in the carcass morphology, along wilh better conformation, body condition and body and carcass capacity, as cpmpared to other breeds.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 1. Crescimento e desenvolvimento

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (CPPSUL) of EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, during 1994/95 with male lambs of the Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds, bom and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by de Paspalum notatum Flugge e Axonopus affinis Chase). Growth and development up to slaughtering at 7.5 months were evaluated. After weaning, besides the native pasture, all lambs (10 per breed) werefed with a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis (200 g/lamb/day), until the slaughtering age. The results showed that birth weight of breeds was similar (P>0.05); however, the liveweight at weaning and the liveweights after weaning of both Texel and Romney Marsh lambs were greater than those of Corriedale, Polwart and Merino lambs. They showed liveweights always similar. The first fourty five days after weaning, lambs of Texel, Romney Marsh and Polwarth breeds showed greater food conversion. In all genotypes, liveweight gains after 5.5 months of age had no importam contribution (in relation to time) to the slaughtering weight.

Effects of weaning age and weight on lamb growth rate of Morada Nova breed raised in a tropical extensive production system

The aim of this research were to study the effect of weaning age and weight on post-growing rate (PWG) and to estimate the optimal weaning age (WA) and weight (WW) of Morada Nova-white variety breed lambs raised under extensive system conditions. A total of 31 male and female lambs were evaluated, being 19 lambs born in April/May 2001 and 12 lambs born in February/March 2002. Lambs were distributed in the following treatments at weaning: 1) weaning age = T1: weaned at 60 days; T2: weaned at 75 days; T3: weaned at 90 days, and 2) weaning weight = T1: weaned with 9 to 10.4kg weigth; T2: weaned with 10.5 to 12.4kg weight and T3: weaned with above 12.5kg weight. The PWG was recorded through successive weightings done every fourteen days from weaning to 180 days of age. Data were analysed through a statistical model that included age and weight at weaning, sex and year of birth as fixed effects. Lambs weaned with 60, 75 and 90 days of age showed non-significant differences (P>0.05) on PWG. However, WW had a significant influence (P<0.05) on lamb weight. The group weaned with 9-10.4kg had smaller live weight than those weaned with 10.5-12.4kg or above 12.5kg. No differences were found between these last two groups. Also, sex had significant effect (P<0.05) on lamb growing with males being heavier than females (20.7kg and 17.6kg, respectively). Year of birth did not affect PWG. It was concluded that weight at weaning is more important than age at weaning on post-weaning growing of lambs. The most efficient live weaning weight on white Morada Nova lambs raised in extensive system production is over 10.5kg.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: 6. Desenvolvimento relativo

The aim of the present work was to study the relative development of liveweight components, regional composition and tissue composition of shoulder and hindquarter in Australian Merino, Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lamb. The study was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros of EMBRAPA (CPPSUL/EMBRAPA), located in Bage, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fifty lambs, ten of each breed, were used, born and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture. After weaning, they were fed with a concentrate (200g/lamb/day), containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis, which was offered in confinement until one week. After this, they were put onto paddoks and slaughtered at 7.5 months of age. The study on the relative development of liveweight was done by using the equation: Y = a . xb. The genotype had an effect on the relative development of liveweight components, and both regional composition and tissue composition. By increasing the liveweight, there was proportional increase in the hot carcass weight in Australian Merino, Romney Marsh and Texel breeds. In Polwarths and Corriedales, the development of both traits was similar. The liveweight components in all genotypes were non significant with exception of head in Romney Marsh and Texel lambs, which showed a late development, and of spleen in Australian Merino lambs, which showed a late development. Related to cold carcass, the neck region had an early development in Corriedale and Romney Marsh lambs, while the rack was late in Romney Marsh lambs. Other cuts showed a similar development in all genotypes. Based on the results of this work, it can be stated that the slaughtery weight of lambs is influenced by genotype.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos: Composição regional e tecidual

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros - CPPSUL/EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil, (field experiment) and at the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, (laboratorial fase) during 1994/95. Male lambs from Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds (10 lambs per breed), born and raised on native pasture (mainly of Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonopus affinis Chase), were weaned at 10 weeks of age, after what were fed with 200g/lamb/day of a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis. Carcass weight and fat content, as well as carcass regional composition (weight of its main pieces) and leg and shoulder tissue composition (% of bone, muscle and fat), were examined. The results showed that, with exception of rib weight and shoulder fat content, breed differences were significant (P 0.05). Merino lambs had higher % of shoulder and lower % of leg (P 0.05) for % of rib. Carcasses from Romney, Corriedale and Merino lambs presented lower fat content scores. Both the Texel and Polwarth breeds had lower % of bone in the leg, however, the former was greater in muscle percentage with lower fat content. Marked breed differences were found in the shoulder tissue composition. Texel lambs were lower in °/o of bone and higher in % of muscle (P 0.0 5) for these components. There were no differences (P>0.05) regarding fat content in the shoulder.The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros - CPPSUL/EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil, (field experiment) and at the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, (laboratorial fase) during 1994/95. Male lambs from Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds (10 lambs per breed), born and raised on native pasture (mainly of Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonopus affinis Chase), were weaned at 10 weeks of age, after what were fed with 200g/lamb/day of a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis. Carcass weight and fat content, as well as carcass regional composition (weight of its main pieces) and leg and shoulder tissue composition (% of bone, muscle and fat), were examined. The results showed that, with exception of rib weight and shoulder fat content, breed differences were significant (P 0.05). Merino lambs had higher % of shoulder and lower % of leg (P 0.05) for % of rib. Carcasses from Romney, Corriedale and Merino lambs presented lower fat content scores. Both the Texel and Polwarth breeds had lower % of bone in the leg, however, the former was greater in muscle percentage with lower fat content. Marked breed differences were found in the shoulder tissue composition. Texel lambs were lower in °/o of bone and higher in % of muscle (P 0.0 5) for these components. There were no differences (P>0.05) regarding fat content in the shoulder.

Produção de carne em ovinos de cinco genótipos. 5. Estimativas de qualidade e peso de carcaça através do peso vivo

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros (CPPSUL) of EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil, with the participation of the FAEM/UFPel, Departamento de Zootecnia, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, during 1994/96. It was used a total of 117 male lambs of the Texel (n =26), Romney Marsh (n =24), Corriedale (n =26), Polwarth (n =23) and Merino (n=18) breeds, born and raised up to weaning (10 weeks) on native pasture (mainly composed by Paspalum notatum Flugge e Axonopus affinis Chase). After weaning, besides the native pasture, all lambs were fed with 200 g/lamb/day of a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis, until slaughtering at 7,5 months of age. The between breed relationship of liveweight with carcass weight and some indicators of carcass quality were examined. The results showed that the regression coefficients of carcass weight on slaughtering weight were similar, however, there were differences on the height of the regression lines, derived from values of both Texel and Romney lambs. By increasing liveweight: a) there was no effect on carcass fat content; but carcass cover fat varied in the Romney breed, b) carcass conformation was not affect in Corriedale and Romney Marsh lambs and c) carcass compacity was affected in Polwarth, Corriedale, Romney Marsh and Texel lambs.

Estimativa da Composição Tecidual Através do Peso da Perna e da Paleta em Cordeiros da Raça Ideal

Com objetivo de examinar o grau de associacao da composicao tecidual com o peso da perna e da paleta, utilizaram-se 60 cordeiros da raca Ideal, nascidos em agosto e setembro de 1997, criados em tres sistemas de alimentacao (campo nativo, pastagem cultivada e confinamento) e abatidos aos quatro meses de idade. No modelo de regressao empregado, os resultados foram ajustados para os possiveis efeitos de sistema de alimentacao, uma vez que se procurou avaliar somente as associacoes da perna e da paleta com seus componentes teciduais. Os resultados demonstraram que com o incremento do peso da paleta houve uma diminuicao na porcentagem de osso e musculo e aumento na de gordura, sendo que todos os tecidos tiveram correlacao significativa (P 0,05).

Meat production in sheep of five genotypes: Carcass and tissue composition

The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros - CPPSUL/EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil, (field experiment) and at the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, (laboratorial fase) during 1994/95. Male lambs from Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds (10 lambs per breed), born and raised on native pasture (mainly of Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonopus affinis Chase), were weaned at 10 weeks of age, after what were fed with 200g/lamb/day of a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis. Carcass weight and fat content, as well as carcass regional composition (weight of its main pieces) and leg and shoulder tissue composition (% of bone, muscle and fat), were examined. The results showed that, with exception of rib weight and shoulder fat content, breed differences were significant (P 0.05). Merino lambs had higher % of shoulder and lower % of leg (P 0.05) for % of rib. Carcasses from Romney, Corriedale and Merino lambs presented lower fat content scores. Both the Texel and Polwarth breeds had lower % of bone in the leg, however, the former was greater in muscle percentage with lower fat content. Marked breed differences were found in the shoulder tissue composition. Texel lambs were lower in °/o of bone and higher in % of muscle (P 0.0 5) for these components. There were no differences (P>0.05) regarding fat content in the shoulder.The work was carried out at the Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuaria dos Campos Sulbrasileiros - CPPSUL/EMBRAPA, Bage, RS, Brazil, (field experiment) and at the Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPEL, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, (laboratorial fase) during 1994/95. Male lambs from Texel, Romney Marsh, Corriedale, Polwarth and Merino breeds (10 lambs per breed), born and raised on native pasture (mainly of Paspalum notatum Flugge and Axonopus affinis Chase), were weaned at 10 weeks of age, after what were fed with 200g/lamb/day of a concentrate containing 17% of crude protein and 75% of dry matter basis. Carcass weight and fat content, as well as carcass regional composition (weight of its main pieces) and leg and shoulder tissue composition (% of bone, muscle and fat), were examined. The results showed that, with exception of rib weight and shoulder fat content, breed differences were significant (P 0.05). Merino lambs had higher % of shoulder and lower % of leg (P 0.05) for % of rib. Carcasses from Romney, Corriedale and Merino lambs presented lower fat content scores. Both the Texel and Polwarth breeds had lower % of bone in the leg, however, the former was greater in muscle percentage with lower fat content. Marked breed differences were found in the shoulder tissue composition. Texel lambs were lower in °/o of bone and higher in % of muscle (P 0.0 5) for these components. There were no differences (P>0.05) regarding fat content in the shoulder.