José Carlos Machado Nogueira Filho

Utilização do Bagaço de Cana-de-Açúcar em Dietas com Elevada Proporção de Concentrados para Novilhos Nelore em Confinamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed high concentrate diets containing 15, 21 or 27% of sugarcane bagasse in the dry matter. Twenty-four Nellore steers with 279 kg of shrunk body weight and 24 months of age, two per pen, were fed for 98 days. No significant effects were observed for average daily gain (mean =1.461 kg) and feed efficiency among the treatments. It was observed a linear effect between dry matter intake and levels of bagasse, with greater intake in treatments with lower proportion of bagasse. Consistent with intake, the liver weight presented linear association with bagasse levels, with higher weight in treatments with more concentrate. The hot carcass weight, kidney, pelvic, heart and inguinal fat, ribeye area and fat thickness were no different between treatments. However, it was observed a linear association between dressing percentage and bagasse levels, with higher percentage in treatments with more concentrate, consistent with the energy level of the diet. The results showed the viability of the use of 15 or 21% of sugarcane bagasse as the only roughage in high concentrate diets with corn, citrus pulp and soybean meal for Nellore steers in feedlot.

Fontes de lipídeos e monensina na alimentação de novilhos Nelore e sua relação com a população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen

ABSTRACT - Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Nellore steers were assigned to a 4 x 4 latin square to study the effectsof feeding monensin (M) and different sources of fat on the ruminal population of ciliate protozoa and ruminal pH. The experime ntaldiets contained (DM basis) 19% of sugar cane and were supplemented with M [control (CTRL)], M plus calcium salts of fatty acids(CSFA), M plus whole cottonseed (MWCS), or only WCS. Ruminal contents were sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-feeding. Inorder to identify the ciliate protozoa a Sedgwick-Rafter count cell and an optic microscope with slide area of 0.4362 mm 2 were used. Nosignificant differences in ruminal pH were observed among diets. Both cottonseed treatments (MWCS and WCS) reduced the ruminalpopulation of the ciliate protozoa investigated, mainly the Entodinium , possibly because of the slow release of fat. Ruminal counts of Diplodinium, Epidinium, Eudiplodinium , and total protozoa were all affected by time post-feeding. Calcium salts of fatty acids seemedto be inert in the ruminal environment because no significant changes were observed in the protozoa counts. Moreover, feeding C RTLand MWCS diets to Nellore steers did not change the ruminal population of ciliate protozoa in this trial.Key Words: calcium salt of fatty acid, cattle, cottonseed, ionophores, protozoology

Milho grão seco ou úmido com sais de cálcio de ácidos graxos para novilhos Nelore em confinamento

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of dry corn grain or high moisture corn and calcium salts of fat acids on the performance and carcass traits of feedlot fed Nellore steers on finishing phase. Forty eight animals with 431 ± 29.8kg of initial mean body weight were fed during 70 days, with one of the four diets: MGS - basal diet containing corn silage (40%), dry corn grain (48.4%), soybean meal (7.6%), urea, amonium sulphate, mineral salt, limestone and monensin (4%); MGU - basal diet with high moisture corn replacing MGS; MGS-SCAG basal diet with 45% of MGU and 4% of calcium salts of fatty acids; MGU-SCAG - basal diet with 45% of MGS and 4% of calcium salts of fatty acids. The average daily gain was not affected by grain type. However, dry matter intake of animals of MGU treatment was smaller than MGS treatment, with a greater feed efficiency for MGU treatment. A greater number of ruminal ciliate protozoa was found in MGU treatments. Dressing percentage, renal, pelvic and inguinal fat and backfat thickness were greater in animals fed MGS diet. Average daily gain was not different between animals fed with or without SCAG, although, dry matter intake was greater in diets with SCAG, with no effect on feed efficiency. Protozoa number was smaller in diets containing SCAG and carcass traits were not affected by SCAG.

Days on feed and sex effects on live weight and carcass traits measured by ultrasound

Existem poucos dados na literatura sobre as alteracoes na composicao corporal de bovinos Nelore e seus cruzamentos, especialmente em relacao a novilhas (NOV) e machos inteiros (MI). A ultra-sonografia e uma ferramenta util para obter essa informacao de forma facil, com minimo disturbio ao animal e a baixo custo. Efeitos do sexo e dias de confinamento sobre o peso vivo (PV) e a area do musculo Longissimus dorsi (AOLU) e a espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGSU) medidas por ultra-som, foram avaliadas em 27 novilhas e 27 machos inteiros, F1 Piemontes ´ Nelore. NOV e MI com PV inicial de 256 ± 5,6 e 265 ± 5,6 kg, respectivamente, foram confinados com uma dieta contendo 77% de NDT, durante 131 dias. O PV, a AOLU e a EGSU foram avaliadas a cada 28 dias aproximadamente. Foi observada uma interacao entre sexo e dias de confinamento para todas as caracteristicas avaliadas. O PV aumentou linearmente com os dias de confinamento e MI apresentaram maior PV que as NOV desde o inicio do experimento. A AOLU media inicial foi 55,8 e 55,5 cm2 nas NOV e MI, respectivamente, aumentando linearmente ate o final do confinamento (78,7 e 82,8 cm2, respectivamente). Em relacao ao efeito do sexo, MI tiveram maior AOLU que NOV somente na ultima medida. A EGSU inicial foi 0,04 e 0,4 mm para MI e NOV, respectivamente e aumentaram linearmente durante e periodo de confinamento (2,4 e 4,3 mm, respectivamente). NOV tiveram maior EGSU desde o inicio ate o final do periodo experimental. MI tiveram maiores taxas de crescimento do PV e AOLU que NOV, no entanto, estas tiveram maior taxa de crescimento da EGSU.