José Aparecido Cunha

Fontes de lipídeos e monensina na alimentação de novilhos Nelore e sua relação com a população de protozoários ciliados do rúmen

ABSTRACT - Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Nellore steers were assigned to a 4 x 4 latin square to study the effectsof feeding monensin (M) and different sources of fat on the ruminal population of ciliate protozoa and ruminal pH. The experime ntaldiets contained (DM basis) 19% of sugar cane and were supplemented with M [control (CTRL)], M plus calcium salts of fatty acids(CSFA), M plus whole cottonseed (MWCS), or only WCS. Ruminal contents were sampled at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours post-feeding. Inorder to identify the ciliate protozoa a Sedgwick-Rafter count cell and an optic microscope with slide area of 0.4362 mm 2 were used. Nosignificant differences in ruminal pH were observed among diets. Both cottonseed treatments (MWCS and WCS) reduced the ruminalpopulation of the ciliate protozoa investigated, mainly the Entodinium , possibly because of the slow release of fat. Ruminal counts of Diplodinium, Epidinium, Eudiplodinium , and total protozoa were all affected by time post-feeding. Calcium salts of fatty acids seemedto be inert in the ruminal environment because no significant changes were observed in the protozoa counts. Moreover, feeding C RTLand MWCS diets to Nellore steers did not change the ruminal population of ciliate protozoa in this trial.Key Words: calcium salt of fatty acid, cattle, cottonseed, ionophores, protozoology

Contagem de células somáticas no leite de vacas suplementadas no pré-parto com selênio e vitamina E

Selenium and vitamin E are important antioxidants for cells and tissues protection acting directly as a support for the udder health. This experiment was aimed at evaluating the influence of prepartum selenium and vitamin E supplementation on milk somatic cell counts of Holstein cows during summer period. Eighty animals were allocated into four treatments: control; supplementation with 2.5mg Se day-1; supplementation with 1000 UI vitamin E day-1 and supplementation with 2.5mg Se day-1 + 1000 UI vitamin E day-1. The supplementation started thirty days before the probable parturition date until parturition. Forage and concentrate samples were taken every fifteen days for chemical and selenium analyses. Blood samples were taken before starting supplementation, right after parturition, thirty and sixty days after it to determine the selenium serum levels. Milk samples were taken to determine somatic sell count (SCC). Selenium supplemented cows had higher serum selenium concentration compared with control group (P 0.05) SCC up to 12th week of lactation.

Perfil de ácidos graxos e estabilidade oxidativa do leite de vacas holandesas alimentadas com soja extrusada e selênio orgânico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dieta com alto teor de soja extrusada e selenio orgânico sobre o perfil de acidos graxos e a estabilidade oxidativa do leite de vacas da raca Holandesa. Vinte e quatro vacas foram divididas em tres blocos e distribuidas ao acaso em tres tratamentos: dieta controle; dieta com 21% de soja extrusada e dieta com 21% de soja extrusada + 5 mg de selenio orgânico. O experimento teve duracao de seis semanas. As vacas alimentadas com soja extrusada produziram leite com menor concentracao de acidos graxos de cadeias curta e media, maior concentracao de acidos graxos de cadeia longa, menor concentracao de acidos graxos saturados e maior concentracao de acidos graxos poliinsaturados e de acido linoleico conjugado. A suplementacao com selenio aumentou a sua concentracao no leite e retardou o processo oxidativo do leite. A dieta com 21% de soja extrusada alterou o perfil de acidos graxos do leite, aumentando sua susceptibilidade a oxidacao; o enriquecimento com selenio minimizou esse efeito e influenciou positivamente a estabilidade do leite.

Degradabilidade no rúmen da matéria seca e da protéina do caroço integral e do farelo de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pela técnica dos sacos de náilon in situ com bovinos

Crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) degradabilities of a) whole cottonseed meal; b) broken whole cottonseed meal, were evaluated with three rumen fistulated crossbred heifers (Bostaurus x Bos indicus) in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The animals were fed sugar cane as roughage and concentrate containing with cottonseed meal (0.3 kg), whole cottonseed (0.6 kg) and corn (1.6 kg). The average rates of DM degradability with 48 of incubation time were higher (p<0.01) for cottonseed meal (62.3%) followed by broken whole cottonseed (57.1%) and whole cottonseed (22.1%). CP degradability rates were also higher (p<0.01) for cottonseed meal (93.5%), followed by broken whole cottonseed (82.5%) and whole cottonseed (18.3%).

Características fermentativas de silagens de cana-de-açúcar com erva-sal

The objective of this study was to evaluate different inclusion levels (0, 20, 40 and 60%) of old man saltbush in the fermentation dynamics of sugarcane silages. The experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replicates. After 90 days, with the opening of the silos, the levels of water soluble carbohydrates, ethanol, organic acids (lactic, acetic, propionic, butyric acid), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber ash free (NDFa), pH and buffer capacity were determined; and, the losses by gas, effluent and total of dry mater, density and dry matter recovery were estimated. Increasing levels of saltbush propitiated reduction in losses: by effluent and total dry matter, it also increased the concentration and recovery. The silages showed pH suitable for conservation (≤3.70) and mineral concentration increased. The ethanol concentrations were influenced (P<0.05) by the increase of saltbush, where reduction of 51.84% was observed, with 40% saltbush in sugarcane silage. The addition of saltbush reduces dry matter losses and ethanol production and, improves the quality of sugarcane silage.

Comparação entre dois métodos analíticos para determinação da lignina de algumas gramíneas forrageiras

RESUMO - Foram comparados dois mOtodos analiticos para a determinacao da lignina (lignina emdetergente AEcido - LDA e lignina permanganato de potAEssio - LPer) bem como para averiguar a possi-vel relacao dos teores desse componente com a digestibilidade da fibra dos seguintes fenos: andropogon(Andropogon gayanus ); aveia ( Avena sativa ); e dois tipos de coast-cross ( Cynodon dactylon ), um bemfenado e outro de baixa qualidade. Os valores de LDA e LPer foram diferentes (p ≤ 0,05) entre asgramineas estudadas, com as concentracies de LPer consistentemente mais baixas do que as de LDA.Foram detectadas diferencas (p ≤ 0,05) nos valores de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro(FDN) e da fibra em detergente AEcido (FDA), porOm, nao foi detectada clara relacao desses valorescom teores de lignina. Os dados sugerem que a concentracao de lignina nao O o principal fator aexplicar um dado valor de digestibilidade.Termos para indexacao: digestibilidade, feno, fibra em detergente AEcido, fibra em detergente neutro.COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR DETERMININGLIGNIN CONCENTRATION OF SOME GRASS FORAGESABSTRACT - This work was carried out aiming to compare lignin concentration of some grass for-ages through two analytical methods (acid detergent lignin - ADL and permanganate lignin - PerL) aswell to verify a possible relationship of lignin concentration with fiber digestion of the following grasshays: andropogon (Andropogon gayanus); oats (Avena sativa); a good quality and another of poorquality coast-cross ( Cynodon dactylon ). Acid detergent and permanganate lignin values were different(p ≤ 0.05) among the hays, however PerL concentrations were consistently lower than ADL values.There were differences (p ≤ 0.05) among the digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber fractions,however a clear relationship between these values with lignin concentration could not be assessed.The data suggested that lignin concentration, taken individually, is not the only factor to explain agiven value of digestibility.Index terms: digestibility, hay, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber.

Suplemento mineral aniônico para vacas no periparto: parâmetros sanguíneos, urinários e incidência de patologias de importância na bovinocultura leiteira

A fim de avaliar o efeito do suplemento mineral anionico sobre parâmetros sanguineos, urinarios e incidencia de hipocalcemia e retencao de placenta, dezoito vacas de aptidao leiteira com grau de sangue 7/8 Holandesa preta e branca, com 440-620 kg e 5-10 anos, foram divididas com delineamento em blocos em funcao da ordem de parto em dois grupos: controle (BCAD=46,38mEq/kg de MS) e tratamento (com adicao de suplemento mineral anionico e BCAD = -249,28mEq/kg de MS). Foram monitorados niveis de calcio total e pH na urina e soro sanguineo; TCO2, pCO2, HCO3, excesso de base, calcio ionizado, Na, K, Se no sangue; escore de condicao corporal, hematocrito e hemoglobina. Os dados sanguineos, urinarios e ECC foram submetidos ao Proc Means do SAS (2000) com analise de variância a 5% e teste de Tukey e a incidencia de retencao de placenta analisada por Mann-Whitney (P<0,07) e a concentracao serica de Se por teste t de Student (P<0,05), ambos pelo GraphPad Prism 5.0. O suplemento mineral anionico diminuiu os valores de TCO2, pCO2, HCO3 e EB no sangue com menor perda de peso, mas a variacao de pH e calcio foi restrita ao tempo. O suplemento mineral anionico nao provocou leve acidose metabolica desejada e, consequentemente, nao preveniu a hipocalcemia. Contudo, por apresentar Se em sua composicao, proporcionou maior concentracao deste micronutriente no soro e contribuiu para menor retencao de placenta.

Mastite clínica em vacas leiteiras suplementadas com selênio e vitamina E

Clinical mastitis in dairy cows supplemented with selenium and vitamin E Abstract - The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of selenium and vitamin E on incidence of mastitis in Holstein cows. Eighty cows were allocated into four treatments: control, supplementation with 2.5 mg Se day -1 , supplementation with 1,000 UI vitamin E day -1 , and supplementation with 2.5 mg Se day -1 + 1,000 UI vitamin E day -1 . The supplementation started 30 days prior to probable parturition date until parturition. Forage and concentrate samples were taken every 15 days for chemical and selenium analyses. Blood samples were taken before starting supplementation, right after parturition, 30 and 60 days after it to determine the selenium serum levels. Tamis test and udder analysis were weekly performed to detect clinical mastitis. Selenium supplemented cows had higher serum selenium concentration compared with control group (P<0.05). Vitamin E and selenium did not decrease the prevalence of clinical mastitis up to 12 th week and there was no interaction