José Roberto Pereira

Gestão social: reflexões teóricas e conceituais

The aim of this paper is to present the advances and discuss the critiques of social management, besides presenting possible contributions to the initial delineation of this field of knowledge, what is here understood as being under construction. A review of the literature regarding theoretical contributions to the subject was conducted. The main critiques are presented and discussed and the contributions for the delimitation of the field are listes. The article also discusses the importance of the theme and the reconstruction of the origin of the term social management. In the perception of the authors, social management is antithetical to strategic management since its concern is with the involvement of everyone in the process of collective decision-making; this is thus in contrast with strategic management, where the conceptual framework and instruments are linked to decision-making mechanisms based on the hierarchy. In short, social management is presented as collective decision-making, without coercion, based on the intelligibility of language, dialogue and enlightened understanding as a process, transparency as a precondition and emancipation as the ultimate goal.

Efeito da cercosporiose no rendimento de híbridos comerciais de milho

Effect of Gray leaf spot on yield of Commercial Maize Hybrids With the objective of quantifying the effect of gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis) on yield of 12 commercial maize hybrids and of correlating grain yield reduction with disease severity, two experiments were performed at two sowing dates (November 11 th and December 23 rd , 2005) in the experimental area of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil. Disease control in healthy plots of all hybrids was obtained through two applications of epoxiconazol + pyraclostrobin – 37.5 + 99.75 g i.a.ha -1 ) at a 15-day interval. In uncontrolled plots, epidemic development started from natural inoculum present in the area. Eight evaluations of disease severity based on visual symptoms were performed at seven-day intervals from the 60 th day after maize emergence, ranging from 1 (resistant) to 9 (susceptible). The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was estimated and grain yield per plot was also obtained. Results of damage percentage and correlations between grain yield and damage percentage with the estimates of the AUDPC were supported by the data. Damage intensity varied according to sowing season and hybrid, with an average of 13.3%. Maize gray leaf spot reduces the corn grain yield, mainly in the late sowing season, and the use of resistant hybrids excludes the chemical control of the disease. Additional keywords: Zea mays, damage, disease evaluation, fungal disease.

Gestão social e esfera pública: aproximações teórico-conceituais

Pretende-se abordar neste ensaio as aproximacoes teorico-conceituais entre gestao social e esfera publica no âmbito da sociedade brasileira no intuito de propor uma discussao sobre o conceito de gestao social. Entendendo que a gestao social tem se apresentado como uma possibilidade promissora de campo de estudos e que ha um avanco no sentido de sedimentar esse posicionamento partiu-se dos preceitos teoricos da esfera publica habermasiana para promover um esforco na teorizacao do conceito. Dentro do objetivo proposto podemos afirmar que os caminhos ainda sao longos, tanto o da ampliacao do conceito de gestao social, como da escolha de referenciais que apoiem esta construcao. No entanto o visivel crescimento da pesquisa e da pratica da gestao social no pais, mesmo sem sedimentacao teorica do campo nos mostra que a sociedade esta participando da resolucao dos seus problemas, mesmo que de forma incipiente ou parcial. A sociedade brasileira tem (re)criado espacos publicos, onde a acao publica se torna possivel. Ao sinalizar que os espacos publicos constituem uma das bases para se compreender e consolidar o conceito de gestao social, abre-se caminho para esta area do conhecimento cientifico. Como resultado este trabalho sinaliza que, mesmo que nao seja gestao social a terminologia correta e surjam outras mais aderentes e/ou coerentes e que, apesar das diversas lacunas na construcao do conceito, as caracteristicas apontadas para a gestao social sao convergentes com as praticas esperadas nos espacos publicos. O artigo esta estruturado em cinco secoes. Alem da introducao, na segunda secao sao apresentadas as proposicoes teoricas a respeito da esfera publica habermasiana. Na terceira secao sao apresentados os conceitos de gestao social que perpassam pelas proposicoes teoricas da esfera publica. Na quarta secao procuramos realizar as aproximacoes teoricas entre esfera publica e gestao social. Na ultima secao sao apresentadas as consideracoes finais.

Ação coletiva no âmbito da economia solidária e da autogestão

This essay reflects on the motivations that lead to collective action in the realm of solidarity economics and self-management, based on the presumption that, in these spheres, collective action is different from that which takes places in the domains of capitalism and that which develops in the social context of traditional relations. In this sense, the purpose of this essay is to explore the theoretical specificities of collective action guided by the principles of solidarity economics and self-management, with an analytical focus on the theory of donation. To do so, it sought to analyze solidarity economics in an articulated and sequential manner, to reveal the constituent elements of self management and the theoretical support for the theory of donation. These considerations indicate that there is much empirical research to do in this field, and such research can contribute to the elaboration of new studies and research about this issue.

Interfaces epistemológicas sobre administração pública, institucionalismo e capital social

Contemporary society is marked by the presence of institutions that organize, regulate and govern the social relations of work. While institutions can be designed individually, they also have the ability to organize into networks that aim to strengthen intra and inter- institutions. Given this context, the aim here is to perform a theoretical incursion into public administration, institutionalism and social capital, showing the possible conceptual interfaces in order to elucidate the contributions of institutional and social capital to better understand contemporary public administration. On the one hand, the theory of social capital promotes understanding of the set of investments that are channeled into socioeconomic and cultural activities to meet specific social needs arising from organized groups in civil society. Thus, according to the assumptions of the capital, people interact with each other for access to public resources in order to achieve the collective targeting of several common interests. Meanwhile, institutionalism sets out on the assumption that any institution that is formally constituted and legitimately recognized by the legal attributes of society loses when the reason for the logic of its constitution can no longer be any more effective than individual action alone. Finally, the discussions surrounding the themes of social capital, institutional and public administration models invite us to reflect on the changes that take place in modern societies, especially regarding forms of government and trends in relations between state and society that take place in a globalized world.

Os conselhos gestores municipais como instrumentos da democracia deliberativa no Brasil

The collective management of public policies requires new relationships, both democratic and dialogical, between society and the State. It also requires the construction of institutional structures that are capable of sustaining it and of strengthening non-state public spaces. In municipal boundaries, the management councils are important players in these processes. From these considerations, this essay discusses some assumptions so that they are, in fact, foundations of deliberative democracy - understood as a method for formation of collective decisions by means of dialogue between politically equal individuals. In order to organize the argument, the conditions of effectiveness were divided into three categories. The first concentrates on elements related to the formal organization of councils. The following discusses aspects relating to their deliberative process. Issues concerning the connection of councils with social groups and local powers lie within the latter category.

O Locus da Gestão Social no Contexto das Interrelações e Tensões entre Mundo-da-vida (Lebenswelt) e Sistema (System)

Neste ensaio repensamos e problematizamos os loci da gestao social no contexto das interrelacoes e tensoes entre o mundo-da-vida e o sistema a luz de Jurgen Habermas e sua recepcao critica. A partir de uma reconstrucao, os conceitos de mundo-da-vida e sistema representam uma chave de leitura sociologica e epistemologica do locus das acoes e praticas de gestao social. Essa visao permite problematizar diversas tensoes da gestao social que se materializam entre Estado, mercado e sociedade civil; agir comunicativo e agir estrategico; publico e privado; coercao e espaco livre de fala; conflito e consenso; dominacao e emancipacao; interesses tecnico, pratico e emancipatorio. Propomos que o locus d a gestao social seja compreendido a partir dos processos intersubjetivos entre o mundo-da-vida e o sistema – somente possivel por meio de uma visao construida de tensoes (e possibilidades de complementariedade, justaposicoes, momentos dialeticos, fronteiras fluidas, intercâmbio e conflitos de logicas). Assim, almejamos superar a compressao dicotomica que situa a gestao epistemologicamente e socialmente em polos excludentes, e, a partir disso, ser capaz de diagnosticos (mediante reconstrucoes epistemicas) mais coerentes, critico-reflexivos e faliveis das forcas instrumentais e emancipatorias presentes na vida cotidiana e compartilhadas intersubjetivamente.

Using Crowdstorm to Prospect Innovations in Federal Institutions of Education in Brazil to Reduce Its Consumption of Electric Energy

The growing Brazilian demand for electricity, the untenable situation of the global energy matrix, and the representation of spending with the electricity consumption at the Matrix of Budget for Other Costing and Funds (OCC Matrix) of Federal Institutions of Education (FIEs) in Brazil: These all require special consideration. This work aims to identify, through social participation, innovative ideas that enable the FIEs to reduce their spending on electricity consumption. The results of this project have shown that social participation contributed not only to identifying prospective solutions but also to mobilizing and educating communities, academic or not, for the support of the subject. Although this work has not contemplated the implementation of solutions, it was realized that reducing spending on FIEs depends on actions involving actors other than the institution itself. In this sense, a social participation can contribute directly to the involvement and engagement of these actors.

Análise do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional das universidades federais do Consórcio Sul-Sudeste de Minas Gerais

As universidades federais, no contexto de Reestruturacao e Expansao das Universidades Federais (Reuni), estao vivenciando um momento de expansao e grandes investimentos. Desse contexto macro, sete Instituicoes Federais de Ensino Superior (Ifes) do estado de Minas Gerais pactuam um acordo representado pelo Consorcio Sul-Sudeste de Minas Gerais com propostas de integracao academica e administrativa. Nesse sentido, a acao dos gestores publicos diante do desafio de realizar uma gestao que garanta a eficacia e a eficiencia organizacional deve-se pautar pelo instrumento de planejamento estrategico, representado pelo Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI), criado pelo Decreto no 5.773/2006. A pesquisa consistiu na analise documental dos PDIs publicados nos sites das Ifes do Consorcio com o objetivo de avaliar o plano do ponto de vista burocratico com base nos estudos de Segenreich (2005). Da analise dos dados observou-se que o PDI nao e bem consistente no que se refere a quantificacao das metas, na descricao das acoes, dos recursos necessarios, dos prazos e dos responsaveis por sua implementacao.

Pesquisando esferas públicas (seletiva e subalternas): contribuições da análise crítica de gêneros

Neste artigo apresentamos uma perspectiva metodologica para o estudo das esferas publicas (seletiva e subalternas) a partir dos estudos criticos dos generos discursivos. Considerando que as pesquisas sobre generos discursivos surgem como uma possibilidade de compreender como a linguagem cria e recontextualiza as interacoes sociais; propomos um dialogo com os conceitos de esfera publica (Jurgen Habermas), esferas publicas subalternas (Nancy Fraser) e generos discursivos a partir de Mikhail Bakhtin e de Norman Fairclough. Em termos analiticos, apresentamos possibilidades para as analises dos generos primarios e secundarios por meio das categorias atividade, relacoes sociais e tecnologias comunicacionais a fim de evidenciar e compreender as esferas publicas no Brasil.