Valderí de Castro Alcântara

Multivariate analysis of credit risk and bankruptcy research data: a bibliometric study involving different knowledge fields (1968---2014)

Bibliometrics are important evaluation tools to the scientific production. A bibliometric study was used to evaluate researches about credit risk and bankruptcy. Credit support technique studies on economic and social orders are relevant in this knowledge field. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to identify and describe the application of multivariate data analysis techniques to credit risk and bankruptcy scenarios. The herein presented data were collected in publications indexed to Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science database between 1968 and 2014. The results corroborate information in the literature and in previous bibliometric reviews, as well as highlight other indications regarding the construction and development of research fields. Since the 1990’s, the neural networks became relevant due to their increased use as study object in publications. However, both the discriminant analysis (J Finance 23(4):589–609, 1968. doi:10.2307/2978933) and the logistic regression (J Account Res 18(1):109–131, 1980. doi:10.2307/2490395) are still often used in researches, fact that shows the tendency to find articles using more than one technique or hybrid models, artificial intelligence techniques and complex computer systems. This field appears to be multidisciplinary in journals and Web Science databases involving the business and economy, operational research, management, mathematics, data processing, engineering and statistics fields. Another relevant discovery was the increased number of publications about this subject launched right after the 2008 crisis.

Interfaces epistemológicas sobre administração pública, institucionalismo e capital social

Contemporary society is marked by the presence of institutions that organize, regulate and govern the social relations of work. While institutions can be designed individually, they also have the ability to organize into networks that aim to strengthen intra and inter- institutions. Given this context, the aim here is to perform a theoretical incursion into public administration, institutionalism and social capital, showing the possible conceptual interfaces in order to elucidate the contributions of institutional and social capital to better understand contemporary public administration. On the one hand, the theory of social capital promotes understanding of the set of investments that are channeled into socioeconomic and cultural activities to meet specific social needs arising from organized groups in civil society. Thus, according to the assumptions of the capital, people interact with each other for access to public resources in order to achieve the collective targeting of several common interests. Meanwhile, institutionalism sets out on the assumption that any institution that is formally constituted and legitimately recognized by the legal attributes of society loses when the reason for the logic of its constitution can no longer be any more effective than individual action alone. Finally, the discussions surrounding the themes of social capital, institutional and public administration models invite us to reflect on the changes that take place in modern societies, especially regarding forms of government and trends in relations between state and society that take place in a globalized world.

O papel dos atores na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas: dinâmicas, conflitos e interesses no Programa Mais Médicos

Diversos atores participam dos processos de formacao de politicas publicas: individuos, grupos ou organizacoes que exercem influencia direta ou indireta, em diferentes momentos. Dessa forma, buscou-se mapear os atores envolvidos na formulacao e implementacao do Programa Mais Medicos e compreender as dinâmicas e contribuicoes desses atores. Para analise dessa politica publica, adotou-se um estudo teoricoempirico com abordagem qualitativa e metodo de estudo de caso. Identificou-se como atores centrais o Governo Federal, os movimentos sociais, a midia de massa, as redes sociais e os conselhos de medicina. No que se refere a analise do ciclo do programa, verificou-se que seus processos nao foram continuos, mas, sim, permeados por relacoes assimetricas e conflitantes. Na analise observou-se que as Jornadas de Junho constituiram uma janela de oportunidade para o Programa Mais Medicos; no entanto, houve diversos posicionamentos contrarios a ele. Os movimentos de oposicao enfeixaram-se em dinâmicas, conflitos e coalizoes tanto no âmbito de atores governamentais como de atores da sociedade civil - com destaque para a relacao da base aliada com os partidos contrarios ao programa, em que houve processos conflituosos e recuos de ambos os lados. Conclui-se que os diversos atores participaram dos processos motivados por interesses, ideologias e objetivos diversificados. Dessa forma, os conflitos permearam todo o processo, desde a proposta do programa, o anuncio, a aprovacao da lei, a chegada dos diversos medicos, ate o inicio de suas atividades por todo o pais.Many different actors take part in the process of formulating public policies, which includes individuals, groups and organizations that exert a direct or indirect influence at different times. Thus, the specific purpose of this article has been to map the actors involved in the formulation and implementation of the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program and to understand the dynamics and contributions of these actors. In order to analyze this particular public policy, a theoretical and empirical study has been adopted with a qualitative approach and case study method. Among the key players in this process were the federal government, social movements, the mass media, and social networks, as well as the Councils of Medicine. With regard to the analysis of the program cycle, it was found that its processes were not continuous, but rather asymmetrical and permeated by conflicting relations. This same analysis showed that the June 2013 protests provided a window of opportunity for the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program, but that nevertheless, there was still considerable opposition to the program. The opposition movements involved were bound by a series of different dynamics, conflicts and coalitions that applied to both government actors as well as those from civil society. One should highlight, for example, the relationship between those parties for and those against the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program, in which there were conflicts and setbacks on both sides. The conclusion is, therefore, that the different actors involved in the process were motivated by a variety of different interests, ideologies and goals. Thus, conflict permeated the entire process, from the program’s initial proposal, its announcement, the enactment of the Law governing it and the arrival of the different doctors to the start of their activities in hospitals throughout the country.

O Locus da Gestão Social no Contexto das Interrelações e Tensões entre Mundo-da-vida (Lebenswelt) e Sistema (System)

Neste ensaio repensamos e problematizamos os loci da gestao social no contexto das interrelacoes e tensoes entre o mundo-da-vida e o sistema a luz de Jurgen Habermas e sua recepcao critica. A partir de uma reconstrucao, os conceitos de mundo-da-vida e sistema representam uma chave de leitura sociologica e epistemologica do locus das acoes e praticas de gestao social. Essa visao permite problematizar diversas tensoes da gestao social que se materializam entre Estado, mercado e sociedade civil; agir comunicativo e agir estrategico; publico e privado; coercao e espaco livre de fala; conflito e consenso; dominacao e emancipacao; interesses tecnico, pratico e emancipatorio. Propomos que o locus d a gestao social seja compreendido a partir dos processos intersubjetivos entre o mundo-da-vida e o sistema – somente possivel por meio de uma visao construida de tensoes (e possibilidades de complementariedade, justaposicoes, momentos dialeticos, fronteiras fluidas, intercâmbio e conflitos de logicas). Assim, almejamos superar a compressao dicotomica que situa a gestao epistemologicamente e socialmente em polos excludentes, e, a partir disso, ser capaz de diagnosticos (mediante reconstrucoes epistemicas) mais coerentes, critico-reflexivos e faliveis das forcas instrumentais e emancipatorias presentes na vida cotidiana e compartilhadas intersubjetivamente.

Pesquisando esferas públicas (seletiva e subalternas): contribuições da análise crítica de gêneros

Neste artigo apresentamos uma perspectiva metodologica para o estudo das esferas publicas (seletiva e subalternas) a partir dos estudos criticos dos generos discursivos. Considerando que as pesquisas sobre generos discursivos surgem como uma possibilidade de compreender como a linguagem cria e recontextualiza as interacoes sociais; propomos um dialogo com os conceitos de esfera publica (Jurgen Habermas), esferas publicas subalternas (Nancy Fraser) e generos discursivos a partir de Mikhail Bakhtin e de Norman Fairclough. Em termos analiticos, apresentamos possibilidades para as analises dos generos primarios e secundarios por meio das categorias atividade, relacoes sociais e tecnologias comunicacionais a fim de evidenciar e compreender as esferas publicas no Brasil.

Desvelando “caixas-pretas” dos textos de estratégia: uma abordagem baseada na hermenêutica crítica

Apresentamos uma abordagem epistemo-metodologica para o estudo dos elementos interpretativos e ideologicos presentes nos textos que constituem as estrategias por meio da hermeneutica critica. Revisamos as aproximacoes e distâncias entre os filosofos Hans-Georg Gadamer, Jurgen Habermas, Paul Ricoeur e suas contribuicoes para desvelar os fenomenos hermeneuticos e ideologicos na interpretacao de textos estrategicos. No escopo da perspectiva da estrategia como pratica, destacamos como posicionamento epistemologico os vinculos entre interpretacao, critica e ideologia; o status epistemologico das relacoes autor↔texto↔interprete inseridos em seus contextos e nos situamos em uma abordagem que compartilha elementos das matrizes critica/dialetica e hermeneutica. Metodologicamente, indicamos a importância dos circulos criticos-hermeneuticos em dois movimentos interdependentes (hermeneutico e critico/dialetico) e tres momentos (contextual/socio-historico; formal/textual e interpretacao-reinterpretacao). Consideramos que algumas das “caixas-pretas” da estrategia sao ideologias, comunicacoes distorcidas e deformacoes que “escurecem” os processos de interpretacao e critica. A hermeneutica critica e apresentada para “lancar luz” sobre esses fenomenos, de um “lugar” que pauta sua coerencia na critica que e hermeneutica e na hermeneutica que e critica.

Aprofundamento das esferas públicas para a gestão social: caminhos para uma reconstrução empírico-descritiva e normativa

This article aims to reconstruct the concept of public sphere as an empirical-descriptive and normative category of research in social management. In this process, it is revealed that the concept of public sphere has been criticized and reformulated in the works of Habermas (1962; 1981; 1992) and the most current conceptions cover a plurality of publics, interests, opinions, conflicting dimensions and oppressive potentials. This article is a theoretical essay and incudes an extensive bibliographical research focused mainly on the literature on “social management” and the “public sphere”. Several gaps and limitations were identified on the understanding of the public sphere by studies in the field of social management. Considering the limitations as learning processes, this article aims to move forward from new elements. The article argues that if the public sphere is considered a locus of social management research (normative and empirical-descriptive) it is important to highlight that: (1) the public sphere- is a locus of consensus and conflict; (2) the public sphere can be concretely constituted of democratic, emancipatory, and oppressive elements; (3) it is formed by a diversity of publics (and counter-publics) with different ‘capacities’ of access and argumentation; (4) in Brazil there was a formation of a subordinate public sphere; (5) the characteristics of public sphere formation cannot be imported, and (6) the effectiveness of the public sphere is influenced by systemic structures. This article shows that reconstruction of the concept of public sphere defends the descriptive, normative and critical potential of public sphere, especially if it is explored considering Habermas, his commentators and critics.

Os discursos do empreendedorismo na administração pública brasileira: análise crítica de uma experiência contemporânea

This research aims to analyze the elements of social practice within the incorporation discourse of entrepreneurship in the recent experience of the public sector in the State of Minas Gerais. Data were collected on bibliographic and documentary data, using the theoretical and methodological approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). As a result, the Management Shock appears an ideological element that legitimizes the culture of management in the public sector through the neoliberal hegemonic discourse. By using this strategy, the Public Administration becomes permeated by the market logic that transforms it into a competitive and results searching environment causing typical problems of the capitalist modus operandi. In this regard, the shock spreads the culture of management, naturalizing the values and practices of the business world and discursively legitimizes this model as a necessary and viable option (what is said), while erasing inconsistencies, limitations and ills of the process (silences). In this article these pathways are questioned and the importance of democratization processes lined by citizenship, participation and deliberation is emphasized.

Fatos, valores e o mundo-da-vida: argumentos epistemológicos para avaliação no âmbito da gestão social

This article aims to show that the concept of life-world (lebenswelt) in Jurgen Habermas, and the refutation of the dichotomy ‘fact’ v. ‘value’ in Hilary Putnam may account epistemologically for the evaluation process in social management, which consists of explicating facts, values and their respective meanings shared inter-subjectively. The article presents the Map of Public Goods and the Semantic Map of ENCIR (Expectations, Needs, Capabilities, Interests and Representations), which are instruments of evaluative experience, arguing on this instruments ability to communicatively explain the meanings/interpretations emanating from the life-world of Public Constituents. We argue with Habermas that life-world is an epistemological foundation of the evaluation procedures in social management that considers the dialogic relation between facts and values. With Putnam, we argue that these constituent elements are interwoven and subject to rational discussion. In this perspective, evaluative and communicative assessment processes must be built according to the capacities of the Public Constituents and co-produced by means of inclusive, dialogic and deliberative processes, validated inter-subjectively. This meets Habermas claims to truth, honesty/truthfulness and normative correction/legitimacy.

The role of the actors in the formulation and implementation of public policies: dynamics, conflicts and interests in the 'Mais Médicos' Program

Diversos atores participam dos processos de formacao de politicas publicas: individuos, grupos ou organizacoes que exercem influencia direta ou indireta, em diferentes momentos. Dessa forma, buscou-se mapear os atores envolvidos na formulacao e implementacao do Programa Mais Medicos e compreender as dinâmicas e contribuicoes desses atores. Para analise dessa politica publica, adotou-se um estudo teoricoempirico com abordagem qualitativa e metodo de estudo de caso. Identificou-se como atores centrais o Governo Federal, os movimentos sociais, a midia de massa, as redes sociais e os conselhos de medicina. No que se refere a analise do ciclo do programa, verificou-se que seus processos nao foram continuos, mas, sim, permeados por relacoes assimetricas e conflitantes. Na analise observou-se que as Jornadas de Junho constituiram uma janela de oportunidade para o Programa Mais Medicos; no entanto, houve diversos posicionamentos contrarios a ele. Os movimentos de oposicao enfeixaram-se em dinâmicas, conflitos e coalizoes tanto no âmbito de atores governamentais como de atores da sociedade civil - com destaque para a relacao da base aliada com os partidos contrarios ao programa, em que houve processos conflituosos e recuos de ambos os lados. Conclui-se que os diversos atores participaram dos processos motivados por interesses, ideologias e objetivos diversificados. Dessa forma, os conflitos permearam todo o processo, desde a proposta do programa, o anuncio, a aprovacao da lei, a chegada dos diversos medicos, ate o inicio de suas atividades por todo o pais.Many different actors take part in the process of formulating public policies, which includes individuals, groups and organizations that exert a direct or indirect influence at different times. Thus, the specific purpose of this article has been to map the actors involved in the formulation and implementation of the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program and to understand the dynamics and contributions of these actors. In order to analyze this particular public policy, a theoretical and empirical study has been adopted with a qualitative approach and case study method. Among the key players in this process were the federal government, social movements, the mass media, and social networks, as well as the Councils of Medicine. With regard to the analysis of the program cycle, it was found that its processes were not continuous, but rather asymmetrical and permeated by conflicting relations. This same analysis showed that the June 2013 protests provided a window of opportunity for the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program, but that nevertheless, there was still considerable opposition to the program. The opposition movements involved were bound by a series of different dynamics, conflicts and coalitions that applied to both government actors as well as those from civil society. One should highlight, for example, the relationship between those parties for and those against the ‘Mais Médicos’ Program, in which there were conflicts and setbacks on both sides. The conclusion is, therefore, that the different actors involved in the process were motivated by a variety of different interests, ideologies and goals. Thus, conflict permeated the entire process, from the program’s initial proposal, its announcement, the enactment of the Law governing it and the arrival of the different doctors to the start of their activities in hospitals throughout the country.