Juliano Boufleur Farinha

Response of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers to a 12-week aerobic exercise training in women with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundEvidences have been highlighted the relationship among metabolic syndrome, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and several diseases. In this sense, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters on women with metabolic syndrome (MS).MethodsTwenty-three untrained women (51.86 ± 6.58 years old, BMI 30.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2) completed a 12-week treadmill exercise training, without modifications on dietary pattern. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total thiol content (T-SH) and nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels were assessed in plasma while the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were evaluated in the serum. The RNA expression (mRNA) of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were performed inperipheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of a subset with eight women with MS using real real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsThe intervention resulted in decreased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, AOPP and TBARS, besides increased levels of IL-10 and T-SH (P < 0.001). NOx concentrations were unchanged, similarly to mRNA expressions quantified in PBMC.ConclusionsTwelve weeks of AT improved systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in women with MS, although PBMC mRNA expression for inflammatory pathways appeared to be unchanged. This may indicate that AT induced beneficial effects not only in physical fitness but also on health promotion through decreased oxidative damage and proinflammatory status.

Effects of dance interventions on cardiovascular risk with ageing: Systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Exercising, including dancing, has been recommended to improve cardiovascular health of older people. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis verifying the effects of dance interventions on cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the elderly, comparing dancers to non-exercise controls and other types of exercise, in randomised (RCTs) and non-randomised control trials (nRCTs). Primary/Secondary outcomes: peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)/anthropometric measurements (body weight, BMI), and lipid profile. METHODS Data Sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Wiley, Clinical Trials.gov, PEDRO and LILACS databases. STUDY SELECTION RCTs and nRCTs comparing elderly before and after dance interventions with non-exercising controls and/or practitioners of other types of exercise. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. RESULTS A total of 937 articles were retrieved, 64 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 7 articles met the inclusion criteria. Pooled mean differences between intervention and control were calculated by random-effects model. VO2peak improved in favour of dancers (3.4mLkg-1min-1, 95%CI: 1.08, 5.78, I2=71%), compared to non-exercise controls. No differences were found between dance and other exercises. Body weight and BMI were not altered by dance interventions. CONCLUSIONS Dance interventions may increase VO2peak compared to non-exercising controls. Results also indicate it is as effective as other types of exercise in improving aerobic capacity of the elderly. Dancing might be a potential exercise intervention for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and consequent CVR associated with ageing. Proper reporting on adverse events is needed to base the benefits of dancing for the older on both efficacy and safety of the interventions.

Exercise for type 1 diabetes mellitus management: General considerations and new directions

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by the loss of insulin secreting cells due to a directed autoimmune process, which is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Exercise training is known to induce several benefits by reducing inflammation and improving antioxidant defenses. In this context, exercise training may be considered as an efficient and relatively inexpensive non-pharmacological tool for diabetes treatment, added to the usual insulin administration. Unfortunately, most people with T1DM do not reach the recommended levels of physical activity due to concerns with hypoglycemic episodes. Recent data have demonstrated that exercise sessions composed by strength exercises or high-intensity interval exercise reduce the risk of hypoglycemia during and after the physical effort, when compared with continuous aerobic exercise in insulin-dependent patients. However, no studies have tested the chronic effects of this combination of protocols on health-related markers yet. Herein, we suggest a combination of hypertrophic strength exercises (3 sets at 8-RM) with a high-intensity interval protocol (10×60-s bouts at ∼90% HRmax interspersed with 60s recovery) in the same exercise session, three times per week, for T1DM patients free of micro and macrovascular complications. Our hypothesis is that this training protocol may minimize the exercise-associated rapid drop of glucose levels in T1DM, due to glucoregulatory hormones and transient reduction of insulin-mediated glucose uptake. This training is also likely to cover long-term glycaemic, bioenergetic, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory adaptations, implicating in improved health and decreased risk of micro and macro complications.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ON INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS IN MEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME RISK FACTORS.

BACKGROUND evidences have shown a strongly association between metabolic syndrome (MS), cardiovascular diseases and chronic low-grade inflammation, being this last, related with the occurrence of sarcopenia and atherosclerosis. Despite several benefits, the effects of resistance training (RT) on inflammatory profile are controversial. Thereby, this study aims to investigate the effects of a RT on the inflammatory profile of men with MS risk factors. METHODS fifteen sedentary men (57.53 ± 7.07 years old) with 2 or more MS components underwent a RT for 14 weeks (3 times per week), with intensity ranging between 40 and 70% of one repetition maximum. The dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to body composition assessment and serum was collected to evaluate biochemical and inflammatory parameters before and after the RT. RESULTS despite the absence of changes in body weight, total muscular content and biochemical parameters, the individuals demonstrated a reduction on body fat content (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the RT resulted in lower circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin- 6 (p < 0.05), in higher levels of intelerukin-10 (p < 0.05) and in the stabilization of interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma concentrations. It was concluded that a moderate RT benefits inflammatory profile, contributing to a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Weight loss is not mandatory for exercise-induced effects on health indices in females with metabolic syndrome

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of moderate aerobic training on functional, anthropometric, biochemical, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters on women with metabolic syndrome (MS). Fifteen untrained women with MS performed moderate aerobic training for 15 weeks, without modifications of dietary behaviours. Functional, anthropometric, biochemical, control diet record and HRQOL parameters were assessed before and after the training. Despite body weight maintenance, the patients presented decreases in waist circumference (P = 0.001), number of MS components (P = 0.014), total cholesterol (P = 0.049), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.004), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.027), myeloperoxidase activity (P = 0.002) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (P = 0.006). There were no differences in total energy, carbohydrate, protein and lipid intake pre- and post-training. Furthermore, improvements in the HRQOL subscales of physical functioning (P = 0.03), role-physical (P = 0.039), bodily pain (P = 0.048), general health (P = 0.046) and social functioning scoring (P = 0.011) were reported. Despite the absence of weight loss, aerobic training induced beneficial effects on functional, anthropometric, biochemical and HRQOL parameters in women with MS.

Estresse oxidativo e a função endotelial: efeitos do exercício físico associado à lipemia pós-prandial

Estrategias que possam prevenir o aparecimento da aterosclerose sao de extrema importância para a saude publica. O aumento da lipemia pos-prandial tem sido investigado, dentre os fatores de risco modificaveis para o desenvolvimento dessa doenca, pois pode induzir dano oxidativo e disfuncao endotelial. Nesse sentido, o exercicio fisico e indicado na prevencao do desenvolvimento desses fatores de risco. Esta revisao tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento e comparar os estudos publicados na literatura acerca dos efeitos agudos e subagudos do exercicio fisico associado a lipemia pos-prandial sobre o estresse oxidativo e a funcao endotelial. A busca foi realizada nos idiomas portugues, espanhol e ingles, compreendendo trabalhos publicados ate fevereiro de 2015. Com base nos estudos selecionados, conclui-se que os efeitos agudos e subagudos do exercicio fisico podem ser capazes de atenuar os parâmetros de risco cardiovascular apos o consumo de refeicao hiperlipidica.

Repetitions to failure versus not to failure during concurrent training in healthy elderly men: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT This randomized clinical trial compared the neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training (CT) performed with repetitions to concentric failure and not to failure in elderly men. Fifty‐two individuals (66.2±5.2years) completed the pre‐ and post‐measurements and were divided into three groups: repetitions to failure (RFG, n=17); repetitions not to failure (NFG, n=20); and repetitions not to failure with total volume equalized to RFG (ENFG, n=15). Participants were assessed in isometric knee extension peak torque (PTiso), maximal strength (1RM) in the leg press (LP) and knee extension (KE) exercises, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), specific tension, rate of torque development (RTD) at 50, 100 and 250ms, countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) performance, as well as maximal neuromuscular activity (EMGmax) of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. CT was performed over 12weeks, twice weekly. Along with each specific strength training program, each group also underwent an endurance training in the same session. After training, all groups improved similarly and significantly in LP and KE 1RM, PTiso, CMJ and SJ performance, RTD variables, specific tension, and VL EMGmax, (P<0.05–0.001). QF MT improved only in RFG and ENFG (P<0.01). These results suggest that repetitions until concentric failure does not provide further neuromuscular performance gains and muscle hypertrophy, and that even a low number of repetitions relative to the maximal possible (i.e., 50%) optimizes neuromuscular performance in elderly men. Moreover, training volume appears to be more important for muscle hypertrophy than training using maximal repetitions. HIGHLIGHTSIs there a need to perform repetitions to failure during strength training in elderly?It is unclear the minimal dose of strength training to optimize the adaptations in elderly.Repetitions to failure do not provide further neuromuscular gains in elderly.Low volume relative to the maximal per set optimizes neuromuscular gains in elderly.Greater volume of repetitions induces greater muscle hypertrophy in elderly men.

Glycemic, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses to different high-intensity training protocols in type 1 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial

AIMS To investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or strength training (ST) on inflammatory, oxidative stress (OS) and glycemic parameters in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. METHODS After a 4-week control period, volunteers were randomly assigned to 10-week HIIT, ST or ST + HIIT protocol, performed 3×/week. Blood biochemistry, anthropometric, strength and cardiopulmonary fitness variables were assessed. Outcomes were analyzed via generalized estimating equations (GEE), with Bonferroni post hoc analysis. RESULTS ST, HIIT and ST + HIIT improved glycemic (HbA1c and fasting glucose) and antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities), but not plasma inflammatory (C-reactive protein, TNF-α and IL-10) or OS markers (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and oxLDL) levels. Noteworthy, interventions reduced soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products levels. However, intracellular heat shock protein 70 content increased only after HIIT. While daily insulin dosage decreased only in the ST + HIIT group, all training models induced anthropometric and functional benefits. CONCLUSIONS Similar benefits afforded by ST, HIIT or ST + HIIT in T1DM people are associated with enhanced antioxidant systems and glucose-related parameter, even in a few weeks. From a practical clinical perspective, the performance of ST + HIIT may be advised for additional benefits regarding insulin dosage reduction.

Efeito agudo do exercício de força com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo sobre parâmetros antioxidantes em indivíduos jovens saudáveis

Abstract Background Strength training with blood flow restriction (STBFR) provokes similar neuromuscular adaptations to traditional strength training using low training loads. However, there is a need for better understanding of the repercussions for antioxidant parameters and vascular function. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of a session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction, compared with high intensity and low intensity strength training without blood flow restriction, on the levels of nitric oxide products and antioxidant enzyme activity in healthy young men. Methods: Eleven young men performed three strength exercise sessions: low intensity with blood flow restriction (LIBFR), high intensity (HI), and low intensity (LI). Activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was assessed and metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) were assayed before and after each session. Results: There were no changes to NOx plasma levels under the different exercise conditions (p > 0.05). However, SOD activity exhibited a significant reduction after the LIBFR condition (p < 0.05), while CAT activity reduced significantly after the LI condition (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that one session of low intensity strength training with blood flow restriction does not reduce bioavailability of nitric oxide or induce redox imbalance in healthy young men.

Hypotensive Response to Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Matched by Volume in Sedentary Subjects

Mailing Address: Thiago Rozales Ramis Rua Felizardo, 750. Postal Code: 90450-190, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil. E-mail: thiago.ramis@yahoo.com.br Hypotensive Response to Continuous Aerobic and High-Intensity Interval Exercise Matched by Volume in Sedentary Subjects Francesco Pinto Boeno,1,2 Thiago Rozales Ramis,2 Juliano Boufleur Farinha,2 Cesar Moritz,2 Vagner Pereira dos Santos,1 Alvaro Reischak de Oliveira,2 Bruno Costa Teixeira1 Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI),1 São Luiz Gonzaga, RS Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRS),2 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil