Mariana Bonomo

Princípios Organizadores das Representações de Rural e Cidade

From the analysis of the anchorage process, the study was designed to assess the principles that organize the positions taken by members of a rural group faced with rural/city representations. 200 representatives of four generations of a brazilian rural community took part in the study. The script for the interview was made up of questions which focused on: (1) socio-demographic data relating to sex, age, generation groups and previous experience of living in urban areas; (2) contact with prejudice, life expectancy in the city for non-migrants and recommendations on life in the city from participants who have already lived in urban areas; (3) rural social values; and (4) free evocations associated with objects of rural-urban representation. The results, synthesized using Content Analysis and SPAD-T software, indicated the presence of three organizing principles of the meaning of rural vs. city objects: natural world vs. artificial world, happy life vs. bad live and almost self-sufficient vs. resource centred. The function of the process of social identity, which aims to preserve the rural community way of life and guarantees the survival of its sociability through new generations, is discussed.

Research in Social Psychology: methodological strategies of the Brazilian production

The aim of this study was identifying the methodological strategies used in Social Psychology research in Brazil. By resorting to the term Social Psychology as an index search factor, a literature review was conducted in papers published in Psychology periodicals indexed at Scielo and Pepsic between 2007 and 2011; and in dissertations and theses abstracts indexed at the CAPES Database from 1987 to 1991, and from 2007 to 2011. Altogether, 877 works were analyzed through SPSS. Results indicated that the main data collection and data analysis techniques were: interviews, associated with content and discourse analysis; questionnaires, analyzed mainly through content analysis and descriptive statistics; and inventories and scales, analyzed through descriptive and multivariate statistics. The most frequently investigated objects were generational groups and health/disease processes. The study points to the need for methodological triangulation in the production of knowledge, aiming to overcome qualitative and quantitative false dichotomies in research methodology.

Das categorias aos grupos sociais: representações sociais dos grupos urbano e rural

This study was guided by reflections centred n the relation between the elaboration of the representational field and the process of social identification, in relation to rurality and urbanity. Two objects, which are part of the relevant social categories and their related social groups, “rural people” and “city people”, were utilized for this end. The corpora of data, which was processed by using the EVOC-2003 software, was collected from interviews with 200 members, representing four generations of a rural community, and aged from 07 to 81 years old, by means of free association. The results indicated that representations of the ingroup are based on positive stereotypes while representations of the outgroup reflect a negative image of townspeople, a dynamic which suggests an evaluative field supported by the ideology of, respectively, a group with humanitarian values as opposed to a group identified with the capitalist values. The function of the representational field in maintaining the positive social identity of the rural group is discussed.As reflexoes que conduziram o estudo focalizaram a referencia entre a elaboracao do campo representacional e o processo de identificacao social referentes a ruralidade e a urbanidade. Esse proposito serviu-se de dois objetos que integram as categorias sociais de interesse e os grupos sociais vinculados, pessoas do meio rural e pessoas da cidade. Os corpora de dados, processados atraves do software EVOC- 2003, foram coletados por meio da tecnica da associacao livre a partir de entrevistas com 200 integrantes de quatro geracoes de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados indicaram que as representacoes sobre o endogrupo estao fundamentadas em estereotipos positivos, enquanto as representacoes sobre o exogrupo retratam a imagem dos citadinos como negativa, dinâmica que sugere um campo valorativo sustentado na ideologia, respectivamente, de um grupo com valores humanitarios versus um grupo referenciado por valores capitalistas. Discute-se a funcao identitaria do campo representacional para a manutencao da identidade social positiva do grupo rural.

Representação social de capixaba: identidade em processo

The purpose of this study was to investigate the social identification process through the analysis of the Social Representations of Capixaba and State of Espirito Santo to dwellers of that territory. The participants were 60 people who were born and were currently living in the State, (18 to 64 years old). Data from the technique of free association and questions regarding the relation individual-territory were organized, respectively, through EVOC and Content Analysis. The State was represented by traditional symbols and elements that strengthen a positive image and the representations of Capixaba expresses the relationship between the individuals with the local history and culture, holding ambiguities that indicate the recent construction of a social identity associated with this territory. It is discussed the representational field and the identification dynamic as processes that objectify the construction of meanings that give the territorial sphere the symbolic dimension of belonging to the capixaba social group.

Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica: ambiguidades no discurso oficial

Apresentacao: No Brasil, a Estrategia de Saude da Familia (ESF), escolhida como modelo reorientador do cuidado, em todos os seus niveis, reforca a concepcao ampliada de saude e atribui um carater complexo a Atencao Basica (AB), cuja efetividade determina, em grande medida, a qualidade dos servicos ofertados por toda a rede de atencao a saude. A resolutividade da AB e tema de extrema relevância sendo as suas politicas avaliativas um grande desafio. O presente estudo se constitui em uma analise dos documentos oficiais que embasam o Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atencao Basica (PMAQ-AB) e traz como questoes norteadoras: que concepcao de qualidade esta presente nesta politica e quais implicacoes este entendimento traz para o cotidiano do cuidado? A Teoria das Representacoes Sociais embasa a analise do contexto discursivo. Desenvolvimento do trabalho: Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualiquantitativa, de natureza descritiva e exploratoria, por meio da analise dos documentos oficiais que embasam o PMAQ-AB, tendo sido selecionados a Portaria 1654/2011(BRASIL, 2011) e o Manual Instrutivo do PMAQ-AB/ 2012(BRASIL, 2012). Foi utilizado o software Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d´um Ensemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE), que processa dados textuais por meio de uma analise estatistica, em funcao da representatividade, distribuicao e correlacao lexical de palavras, dentro de segmentos de textos, indicando os termos mais significativos e as relacoes entre eles, no contexto do estudo. Resultados: A analise indicou que os documentos oficiais estao embasados por um sistema de representacoes sociais de diferentes objetos (politica de atencao basica, qualidade da atencao basica, apoio institucional e assistencia a saude) que possui elementos ambiguos e antagonicos, reflexos de um processo de mudanca de paradigmas na saude. Consideracoes finais: Estas posicoes antagonicas, no discurso oficial, traduzem as ambiguidades presentes no contexto real, da dinâmica da vida social, proprias do fenomeno representacional que exprime forcas ligadas a matriz hegemonica e aquelas fruto do impulso de mudanca. Esta dualidade na macropolitica se estende e gera acoes dubias, com grandes implicacoes para o cenario micropolitico, onde se da o cuidado. O estudo aponta, portanto, a necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma metodologia avaliativa, compativel com o modelo adotado para a AB, e o aprimoramento de instrumentos de escuta dos muitos atores, no sentido de serem, ao mesmo tempo exequiveis e dialogarem com as realidades locais.

Social Representations and Rural Sociability Among Farmers of a Rural Community

Guided by the Social Representation Theory, this study aims at investigating rural social representations among farmers in State of Espírito Santo Brazil by analyzing the semantic field associated to the representational object “rural person”; the organizational principles of individual attitude in face of shared content; and the anchoring processes. Two hundred (200) residents, aged between 7 and 81, belonging to four generations of a rural community participated in individual interviews in this study. The results analyzed using software SPAD-T showed that rural sociability is represented from the positive association to the agricultural and community spheres, as well as from the negative comparison between country and city life, which causes feeling of depreciation and critical evaluation about the poor investments in rural areas. It also identified that personal and community values strengthen the positive image of rural identity, showing strategies to maintain the country way of life among different generations in this community.

Representations and antinomies: rural and city social objects in a brazilian peasant community

The present work is part of a series of studies that primarily focus on social representations of rural and city objects in the process of constructing a social identity of the countryside. Using social representation theory, this study aimed to investigate the representational field linked to the rural and city objects for the members of a peasant community. A total of 200 members of a Brazilian rural community from four generational groups, of both sexes and aged between 7 and 81 years, participated in this study. We conducted individual interviews with semi-structured scripts. The data corpora, processed using EVOC software, consisted of free associations of the rural and city inductor terms. In constitutive terms, the results allow for the identification of antinomies between the objects discussed; in functional terms, they indicate that the process of constructing social identity is based on the symbolic field, which acts as a reference system for the preparation of the rural identity shared by the participants.

From categories to social groups: social representations of urban and rural groups

This study was guided by reflections centred n the relation between the elaboration of the representational field and the process of social identification, in relation to rurality and urbanity. Two objects, which are part of the relevant social categories and their related social groups, “rural people” and “city people”, were utilized for this end. The corpora of data, which was processed by using the EVOC-2003 software, was collected from interviews with 200 members, representing four generations of a rural community, and aged from 07 to 81 years old, by means of free association. The results indicated that representations of the ingroup are based on positive stereotypes while representations of the outgroup reflect a negative image of townspeople, a dynamic which suggests an evaluative field supported by the ideology of, respectively, a group with humanitarian values as opposed to a group identified with the capitalist values. The function of the representational field in maintaining the positive social identity of the rural group is discussed.As reflexoes que conduziram o estudo focalizaram a referencia entre a elaboracao do campo representacional e o processo de identificacao social referentes a ruralidade e a urbanidade. Esse proposito serviu-se de dois objetos que integram as categorias sociais de interesse e os grupos sociais vinculados, pessoas do meio rural e pessoas da cidade. Os corpora de dados, processados atraves do software EVOC- 2003, foram coletados por meio da tecnica da associacao livre a partir de entrevistas com 200 integrantes de quatro geracoes de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados indicaram que as representacoes sobre o endogrupo estao fundamentadas em estereotipos positivos, enquanto as representacoes sobre o exogrupo retratam a imagem dos citadinos como negativa, dinâmica que sugere um campo valorativo sustentado na ideologia, respectivamente, de um grupo com valores humanitarios versus um grupo referenciado por valores capitalistas. Discute-se a funcao identitaria do campo representacional para a manutencao da identidade social positiva do grupo rural.

De las categorías a los grupos sociales: representaciones sociales de los grupos urbano y rural

This study was guided by reflections centred n the relation between the elaboration of the representational field and the process of social identification, in relation to rurality and urbanity. Two objects, which are part of the relevant social categories and their related social groups, “rural people” and “city people”, were utilized for this end. The corpora of data, which was processed by using the EVOC-2003 software, was collected from interviews with 200 members, representing four generations of a rural community, and aged from 07 to 81 years old, by means of free association. The results indicated that representations of the ingroup are based on positive stereotypes while representations of the outgroup reflect a negative image of townspeople, a dynamic which suggests an evaluative field supported by the ideology of, respectively, a group with humanitarian values as opposed to a group identified with the capitalist values. The function of the representational field in maintaining the positive social identity of the rural group is discussed.As reflexoes que conduziram o estudo focalizaram a referencia entre a elaboracao do campo representacional e o processo de identificacao social referentes a ruralidade e a urbanidade. Esse proposito serviu-se de dois objetos que integram as categorias sociais de interesse e os grupos sociais vinculados, pessoas do meio rural e pessoas da cidade. Os corpora de dados, processados atraves do software EVOC- 2003, foram coletados por meio da tecnica da associacao livre a partir de entrevistas com 200 integrantes de quatro geracoes de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados indicaram que as representacoes sobre o endogrupo estao fundamentadas em estereotipos positivos, enquanto as representacoes sobre o exogrupo retratam a imagem dos citadinos como negativa, dinâmica que sugere um campo valorativo sustentado na ideologia, respectivamente, de um grupo com valores humanitarios versus um grupo referenciado por valores capitalistas. Discute-se a funcao identitaria do campo representacional para a manutencao da identidade social positiva do grupo rural.