Lilian Gregory

Viral DNA sequences in peripheral blood and vertical transmission of the virus: a discussion about BPV-1

This study has detected BPV-1 DNA sequences in wart, blood and plasma samples collected from animals affected by papillomatosis, suggesting viral presence inside the cell. We sellected an animal in which we could detect BPV-1 DNA sequences in wart, blood, placenta and amniotic liquid samples and her offspring which presented BPV-1 DNA sequences in blood sample collected immediately after birth. These results show a possible vertical transmission of BPV-1.

Comparison of ultrasonography and histopathology for the diagnosis of endometritis in Holstein-Friesian cows.

Reproductive diseases are a great barrier to dairy production, as they diminish fertility and cause economic loss. In this context, endometritis plays an important role. Different diagnostic techniques exist for endometritis that vary in sensitivity and specificity. This work aimed to evaluate and compare ultrasonographic and histopathological examinations, and combinations thereof, for the diagnosis of endometritis by determining their sensitivity, specificity, and kappa agreement coefficients using endometrial cytology as the gold standard. We developed an adaptive reading score to perform histological examination of the uterus. In this study, 76 Holstein-Friesian cows, 21 to 47 d postpartum, without vaginal catarrh were submitted to gynecological examinations, including ultrasonographic examination, an endometrial cytology examination, and a uterine biopsy. Our results indicate that ultrasonography is a practical and effective diagnostic method, and a combination of the determination of intrauterine fluid and cervical diameter was the most efficient ultrasonographic method, with 50% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Histopathological examination was a useful diagnostic method that provided rich detail on endometrial inflammation, and allowed evaluation of different components of the tissue such as the epithelium, lamina propria, endometrial glands, and blood vessels; this method had 44% sensitivity and 92% specificity for diagnosis of endometritis.

Identification of fluoroquinolone-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (CTX-M-8)-producing Escherichia coli ST224, ST2179 and ST2308 in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

D2 differed from one another by fewer than five single nucleotide differences, but only the WM98 sequence was not interrupted by large insertions or deletions (positions of insertions/deletions are indicated in Figure 1). AB307-0294 (GenBank accession number CP001172) was also identical over most of this span, but contained patches that differed and lacked a large span. The AB0057 sequence (GenBank accession number CP001182), for which the ampC gene was previously corrected, differed at 33 more positions (single base substitutions or additions or deletions; mainly the absence of an A or a T in a run of As or Ts) and many of these differences may be errors caused by the sequencing technology used. Contigs containing ampC and its surrounds were retrieved from the whole genome sequence of G7 reported previously 6 and joined using the manually determined sequence described above. Comparison with the WM98 sequence revealed a segment of 31.8 kb, defined as between the first and last base differences surrounding the ISAba1-ampC in G7, which differed from the corresponding region in WM98 by 2.2% (Figure 1). This indicates that this segment has been replaced by a segment imported from another A. baumannii strain that included an ISAba1 upstream of the ampC gene. Hence, it appears that a DNA segment that included an ISAba1-activated ampC gene was introduced into an isolate belonging to the GC1 clonal complex, possibly by conjugation , and that homologous recombination incorporated it into the chromosome displacing the resident copy. Examination of the regions on either side of the 31.8 kb diverged segment revealed the presence of two smaller replaced patches of 4.7 and 2.8 kb in G7, which differed from the corresponding regions in WM98 by 4.5% and 2.1%, respectively (Figure 1). Outside these patches, WM98 and G7 differed by only 3 bp. This is the first study providing evidence for horizontal transfer of a DNA segment that contains an ISAba1-activated ampC gene between two A. baumannii strains. The findings highlight the significance of the horizontal transfer of chromosomal DNA segments in the generation of cephalosporin resistance in A. baumannii. 3 Hamidian M, Hall RM. Tn6168, a transposon carrying an ISAba1-activated ampC gene and conferring cephalosporin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. 4 Hamidian M, Hall RM. ISAba1 targets a specific position upstream of the intrinsic ampC gene of Acinetobacter baumannii leading to cephalosporin resistance. ISAba125-activated ampC gene between Acinetobacter baumannii strains leading to cephalosporin resistance. A …

Influência dos fatores sexuais e etários sobre a proteína total, fração albumina e atividade sérica de aspartato-aminotransferase e gama-glutamiltransferase de ovinos da raça Santa Inês

This work establishes reference values for serum protein and albumin and serum activities of AST and GGT of Santa Ines sheep and evaluates the sexual and age influence on these values. Blood samples were collected from 161 clinically healthy sheep. The results allowed to establish the following reference values 5,86 + 0,96 g/dL (P>;0,05) for serum protein, 2,33+0,43 g/dL (P>;0,05) for albumin, 63,25+27,52 U/L (P>;0,05) for AST and 28,45+14,53 U/L (P>;0,05) for GGT. The results analysis also allowed concluding that age and sex influence on albumin serum concentrations and AST serum activity and that GGT serum activity suffer age influence.

Aspectos clínicos da artrite-encefalite dos caprinos

In a clinical survey of caprine arthritis-encephalitis in 14 naturally infected herds in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 17.1% (64/374) of seroreagents presented the articular form of the disease and 6.6% (17/249) of the seroreagent females presented the mammary form of the disease.

Deciphering upper respiratory tract microbiota complexity in healthy calves and calves that develop respiratory disease using shotgun metagenomics

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disorder responsible for severe economic losses in dairy and feedlot herds. Advances in next-generation sequencing mean that microbial communities in clinical samples, including non-culturable bacteria, can be characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves and calves with BRD using whole-genome sequencing (shotgun metagenomics). We performed deep nasopharyngeal swabs on 16 Holstein heifer calves (10 healthy and 6 diagnosed with BRD during the study) at 14 and 28 d of life in 1 dairy herd near Ithaca, New York. Total DNA was extracted, and whole-genome sequencing was performed using the MiSeq Illumina platform (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Samples included 5 predominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes. At the genus level, we observed differences between groups for Pseudomonas spp. At the species level, Mannheimia haemolytica was the most abundant bacterium detected. We detected significant differences between groups of calves in the relative abundance of Pseudomonas fluorescens. Pasteurella multocida was among the 20 most abundant species, and Moraxella catarrhalis, commonly associated with pneumonia in humans, was detected in all groups. Analysis of resistance to antibiotics and compounds profiling revealed differences in cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance. Further research to elucidate the role of Moraxella catarrhalis in BRD is warranted. Genes that were resistant to cobalt-zinc-cadmium, observed mostly in calves with BRD, might be associated with difficulties in antibiotic treatment.

Determination of bacterial aetiologic factor on tracheobronchial lavage in relation to clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Mannheimiahaemolytica, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma spp., in relation to clinical signs of respiratory disease. Tracheobronchial lavage samples were collected from 96 (healthy and unhealthy) cattle in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Mycoplasma spp. (12.5 %) and Pasteurellamultocida (15.50 %) were the most prevalent species. Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also isolated. Mollicutes (70.83 %), Mycoplasmabovis (2.94 %) and Mycoplasma dispar (38.23 %) were identified using conventional PCR. Submassive sound on acoustic percussion of the thorax was associated with the absence of Mollicutes (P=0.025). Whistling (P=0.076) and coarse crackle (P=0.046) were associated with the absence of Mycoplasma dispar. Clear sound on acoustic percussion of the thorax was associated with the absence of Mycoplasmabovis (P=0.007). Coughing was associated with the presence of Pasteurellamultocida [P=0.035; confidence interval (CI), 1.12-26.89], but its absence was associated with mucopurulent (P=0.0215; CI, 1.55-34.5) and mucoid nasal discharge (P=0.068; CI, 19-28.5), submassive sound (P=0.031; CI, 1.23-75.5), fine crackle (P=0.058; CI, 1.23-20.1) and coarse crackle (P=0.046; CI, 2.38-70.8). The high prevalence of Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma spp. in unhealthy calves increases the importance of these micro-organisms in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. This study increases the information about the role of Mycoplasma dispar in respiratory diseases. Differences in some species in relation to clinical signs can be applied as a presumptive diagnosis.

Orquiepididimite em carneiro por Salmonella enterica sub-diarizonae: primeiro caso na América do Sul

The objective of this manuscript was to report a case of orchiepididymitis associated with Salmonella enterica subespecie diarizonae infection in a vasectomized 4-year-old Santa Ines ram. In the clinical-reproductive examination, the animal showed a severe enlargement of the scrotal contents, being the right testicle larger than left, and the right epididymal cauda was higher than the left. The testicular consistency, evaluated in a scale from 1 to 5, was 5 to the right and 2.5 to the left, and the organ was very sensitive to the touch. In the ultrasound circular structures anechoic/hypoechoic in the epididymal cauda were observed, and in the parenchyma of testicles some points of hyperechogenic image, suggesting calcification lesions and the entire right testicle was surrounded by hypoechoic image, indicative of edema. One of those structures of the right epididymal cauda was aspirated and a purulent exsudate was found, which was sent to microbiological exam, was isolated and identified Salmonella enterica subespecie diarizonae. The ram was submitted to orchiepididectomy, and the organ was characterized macroscopically by fibrous adhesions between scrotum layers, coexistence of epididymal abscesses and testicular degeneration. The Salmonella enterica subspecie diarizonae must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of ovine genital infections.

Isolamento e PCR para detecção de Mollicutes em muco vaginal e sua associação com problemas reprodutivos em ovinos criados na região de Piedade, São Paulo, Brasil

It was evaluated the presence of Mycoplasma spp, Ureaplasma spp and Acholeplasma laidlawiii in 60 samples of ovine vaginal mucous with the presence or absence of vulvovaginitis in the specific exam of the reproductive tract. The microorganisms were characterized based on bacteriological culture and DNA detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers to Mollicutes (GPO and MGSO), Ureaplasma (UGPF and UGPS) and Acholeplasma laidlawii (UNI and ACH3). The presence of mycoplasmas could not be associated with reproductive disorders in animals. The PCR to Acholeplasma laidlawii detected only one positive sample. However, all isolations of Ureaplasma spp were from animals presenting reproductive disorders, suggesting a possible involvement of this agent in reproductive diseases.

Valores de referência da atividade enzimática da aspartato-aminotransferase e da gama-glutamiltransferase em bovinos da raça Jersey. Influência dos fatores etários, sexuais e da infecção pelo vírus da leucose dos bovinos

With the purpose of having the reference values established for the biochemical parameters which evaluate the hepatic function through the determination of the enzymatic activities of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) of Jersey breed, raised in the Sao Paulo State, as well as, to evaluate the influence of age factors, sexual factors and of the infection by the bovine leukosis virus on the biochemical parameters mentioned, samples of blood sera from 170 animals were collected and examined, being 106 females and 17 males, clinically healthy and non-reagents to the glycoproteic antigen of the bovine leukosis virus capsule, and 47 sororeagent cows to the above mentioned virus. The reference patterns to the Jersey breed were established for aspatate aminotransferase enzymes (33.91±10.99U/l) and for gama-glutamiltransferase enzyme (13.21±12.72U/l). The seric activities of AST and GGT also had influence of age factors. The seric rates of AST raised with the age, the minimal value was observed in calves until three months age (26.39±22.17U/l) and maximal value was obseved in cows with age between 48 and 72 months (38.60±11.24U/l). GGT seric rates was higher for until three months age female calves (31.15±38.70U/l) than in older animals (between 8.70±2.40U/l and 14.24±10.37U/l). The evaluation of sexual factors influence and infection by Bovine Leukosis Virus on AST and GGT seric enzimatic activity had not showed the influence of these factors on the values found in this research.