Liliane da Costa Ores

Prevalence of episodes of mania and hypomania and associated comorbidities among young adults

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of episodes of mania and hypomania, as well as associated factors and comorbidities among adults 18 to 24 years old in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. METHOD This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The sample was selected through conglomerates, and episodes of mania and hypomania were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric. RESULTS The sample consisted of 1560 subjects. The lifetime prevalence of manic and hypomanic episodes was 7.5% and 5.3%, respectively. Subjects with (hypo)manic episodes had a higher prevalence of anxiety disorders, substance abuse and suicidality. LIMITATION The high rate of (hypo)mania may to some extent reflect diagnostic error. CONCLUSION Such high prevalence of (hypo)mania may nonetheless be valid as it was associated with corresponding rates of comorbidity and suicidality.

Transtornos mentais comuns e qualidade de vida em jovens: uma amostra populacional de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and their association with quality of life among young adults in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional population-based study of young people 18 to 24 years of age. Sampling used simple cluster selection. Investigation of CMD used the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), while quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Survey Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36). Prevalence of CMD in the study sample was 24.5% (N = 382), and was positively associated with: female gender, lower socioeconomic status (classes D or E), not studying, not working, alcohol consumption, smoking, and substance abuse. Young adults with CMD had lower mean scores on the SF-36 in all the assessed quality of life domains. Measures to prevent CMD are necessary to provide better quality of life for this age group.

Fatores associados à idade da primeira relação sexual em jovens: estudo de base populacional

First sexual intercourse is considered an important event in young peoples lives and has occurred at an increasingly early age. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with early age at first intercourse in individuals 18 to 24 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This was a population-based cross-sectional study in a representative sample of 1,621 young people from August 2007 to December 2008. Subjects answered a questionnaire on health behaviors, including items related to their sexual lives. Cox regression was used to assess the association between early age at sexual initiation. After multivariate analysis, variables that are directly related to early sexual initiation were: male gender, low socioeconomic status, low schooling, divorced parents, living with a partner, not practicing a religion, smoking, drug use in the previous three months, and non-use of condoms during last intercourse. Considering the current social context, the study highlights the need for adequate sexual orientation with a preventive approach.

Quality of life and mood disorder episodes: Community sample

OBJECTIVE To assess quality of life among Brazilian young adults who are 18-24 years old and who experience depressive, manic/hypomanic, and mixed episodes. METHOD This is a cross-sectional population-based study. The sample was selected in clusters. Mood disorders were assessed using a short, structured diagnostic interview-the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. Quality of life was assessed by the MOS 36-item Short-form General Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS The sample comprised 1560 young adults. The prevalence ratio of mood disorder episodes were as follows: 10.0% depressive episode, 2.3% manic/hypomanic episode, and 2.4% mixed episode. Lower scores were found in all domains of quality of life among young adults who experience mood disorder episodes when compared to the general population (p<0.001 in the eight domains of the SF-36). Moreover, the impact on quality of life was higher among young adults with mixed episodes, followed by depressive episodes. CONCLUSION Young adults with mood disorders, even without a previous diagnosis of bipolar disorder, have an impaired quality of life in comparison to the general population.

Ideação suicida na adolescência: prevalência e fatores associados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalencia de ideacao suicida, assim como de seus fatores associados, em adolescentes entre 15 e 18 anos da cidade de Pelotas (RS). METODOS: 960 adolescentes responderam a um questionario autoaplicado e sigiloso em estudo transversal de base populacional. A ideacao suicida foi aferida por meio do item 17 do SRQ-20, que avalia transtornos psiquiatricos menores. Para a analise estatistica, utilizou-se a regressao logistica. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia de ideacao suicida foi de 7,7%. A baixa escolaridade da mae, a baixa escolaridade do adolescente, o sedentarismo, o uso de alcool e de outras substâncias e o comportamento agressivo mantiveram associacao estatisticamente significativa com ideacao suicida. CONCLUSAO: Programas preventivos devem preferencialmente atingir adolescentes de baixa escolaridade que apresentem comportamento agressivo e relatem uso de substâncias.

Risco de suicídio e comportamentos de risco à saúde em jovens de 18 a 24 anos: um estudo descritivo

O objetivo foi avaliar risco de suicidio e comportamentos de risco em jovens. Estudo transversal na zona urbana de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, realizado por amostragem sistematica. Foram incluidos jovens de 18 a 24 anos, com capacidade cognitiva e que assinaram termo de consentimento. Foram aferidos risco de suicidio (MINI); comportamentos de risco (YRBSS); abuso/dependencia de substâncias (ASSIST); e nivel socioeconomico (ABEP). Os dados foram analisados no programa SPSS. A amostra constituiu-se de 1560 jovens e a prevalencia de risco de suicidio foi de 8,6%. O risco de suicidio foi associado com: ter sofrido acidente com necessidade de ir ao pronto-socorro (p = 0,011), ter entrado em briga com agressao fisica (p = 0,016), ter carregado arma branca (p = 0,001) e arma de fogo (p < 0,001), ter abuso/dependencia de substâncias (p < 0,001), nao ter utilizado preservativo na ultima relacao sexual (p = 0,025), nao ter parceiro fixo (p < 0,001) e ter relacao sexual com cinco ou mais pessoas (p = 0,018). Jovens com comportamentos de risco tambem demonstram indicios de risco de suicidio.

Depressão e qualidade de vida em jovens de 18 a 24 anos no sul do Brasil

Objective: To investigate the association between depression and quality of life in young adults aged 18 to 24 years. Method: This cross-sectional, population-based study included 1,560 young adults aged 18 to 24 years living in the urban area of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Sample selection was based on cluster sampling: of a total of 448 sectors, 97 were randomly selected. Depression was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and quality of life was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey (SF-36), both validated for use in Brazilian Portuguese. Results: The prevalence of depression was 12.6%. Mean scores obtained for quality of life in the eight domains assessed by SF-36 were lower in depressive young adults, reaching statistical significance in all domains when assessed using the t test (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Young adults with signs and symptoms suggestive of depression presented lower levels of quality of life based on the domains assessed.

Bem-estar psicológico de jovens de 18 a 24 anos: fatores associados

This study aimed to identify factors associated with psychological well-being among young people 18 to 24 years of age in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In a population-based cross-sectional study, 1,621 subjects answered a structured questionnaire on socio-demographic data, religion, employment, and substance use, as well as the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to assess psychiatric disorders. The Faces Scale (Andrews) was used to evaluate psychological well-being. Poisson regression was used for multivariate analysis. Of the total sample, 85.3% displayed psychological well-being, which was positively associated with non-use of illicit drugs, current employment, religion, socioeconomic status (classes A and B), higher educational levels, and absence of psychiatric disorders. Programs to reduce poverty and encourage education and identification and prevention of drug use among youths are of paramount importance to improve their health and psychological well-being.

Transtornos mentais comuns e auto-estima na gestação: prevalência e fatores associados

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and the association with self-esteem and other factors in pregnant women. A nested cross-sectional study was performed in a cohort of pregnant women treated in the public health system in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for common mental disorders and the Rosenbergs Self-Esteem Scale for self-esteem. The sample consisted of 1,267 pregnant women with a mean age of 25 years (SD = 6.53). Mean self-esteem was 9.3 points (SD = 4.76), and prevalence of common mental disorders was 41.4%. Lower self-esteem was associated with higher odds of common mental disorders (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between higher prevalence of common mental disorders and low self-esteem.

Risco de suicídio em jovens com transtornos de ansiedade: estudo de base populacional

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the presence of anxiety disorders and suicide risk in young adults. In a cross-sectional population-based design young adults answered a questionnaire about sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics. The measure of psychological well-being was made by Faces Scale of Andrews while the substances use evaluation was performed according to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 evaluated anxiety disorders and suicide risk. Among the 1.621 young adults interviewed, 20.9% had some anxiety disorders and 8.6% suicide risk. After multivariate analysis, the presence of any anxiety disorder was significantly associated with suicide risk (PR 6.10 95% CI 3.95 to 9.43). Thus, it is highlighted the importance of greater attention to suicide risk in those patients with anxiety disorders.